Generated by All in One SEO Pro v4.9.10, this is an llms.txt file, used by LLMs to index the site. # LIJDLR India’s Most Indexed Legal Journal in Global Databases ## Sitemaps - [XML Sitemap](https://lijdlr.com/sitemap.xml): Contains all public & indexable URLs for this website. ## Posts - [Unveiling The Illusion: India’s Digital Privacy Failure](https://lijdlr.com/2023/12/07/unveiling-the-illusion-indias-digital-privacy-failure/) - The advent of the digital age has interconnected our civilized society, providing a persistent connection between intelligence and pleasure (Digital Privacy).. - [PRESUMPTION IN FAVOUR OF THE RAPE VICTIMS UNDER THE EVIDENCE ACT, 1872: TRACING THE SOCIAL, LEGAL AND ETHICAL IMPACT](https://lijdlr.com/2023/06/22/presumption-in-favour-of-the-rape-victims-under-the-evidence-act-1872-tracing-the-social-legal-and-ethical-impact/) - PRESUMPTION IN FAVOUR OF THE RAPE VICTIMS UNDER THE EVIDENCE ACT, 1872: TRACING THE SOCIAL, LEGAL AND ETHICAL IMPACT Himangi Nagar, 4th year, BBA LLB student at Symbiosis Law School – Hyderabad. Download Manuscript ABSTRACT The Justice System of India does assume innocence and gives it greater importance than focusing on punishment and conviction. Therefore, - [BOOK REVIEW: “BEFORE MEMORY FADES: AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY” BY FALI S. NARIMAN](https://lijdlr.com/2023/06/22/book-review-before-memory-fades-an-autobiography-by-fali-s-nariman/) - BOOK REVIEW: “BEFORE MEMORY FADES: AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY” BY FALI S. NARIMAN Arundhati Chatterjee, BBA LLB (Hons.) 1st year student at Presidency University, Bangalore. Download Manuscript ABSTRACT “Before Memory Fades: An Autobiography” is a captivating memoir penned by Fali S. Nariman, a prominent Indian jurist and legal scholar. In this book review, I will try to - [UNBORN BENEFICIARIES AND PERPETUITY RULE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SECTION 13 & SECTION 14 IN THE TRANSFER OF THE PROPERTY ACT, 1882](https://lijdlr.com/2023/06/22/unborn-beneficiaries-and-perpetuity-rule-a-comparative-analysis-of-section-13-section-14-in-the-transfer-of-the-property-act-1882/) - UNBORN BENEFICIARIES AND PERPETUITY RULE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SECTION 13 & SECTION 14 IN THE TRANSFER OF THE PROPERTY ACT, 1882 Ruchika Chaurasia, 3rd Year, BA LL. B, Delhi Metropolitan Education, GGSIPU, New Delhi. Tanya Sharma, 3rd Year, BA LL. B, Delhi Metropolitan Education, GGSIPU, New Delhi. Download Manuscript ABSTRACT The Transfer of Property - [PLEA OF ALIBI AND IT’S RELEVANCE IN CRIMINAL TRIALS](https://lijdlr.com/2023/06/22/plea-of-alibi-and-its-relevance-in-criminal-trials/) - PLEA OF ALIBI AND IT’S RELEVANCE IN CRIMINAL TRIALS Vaibhav Sharma, 3rd Year, BA LL. B, Delhi Metropolitan Education, GGSIPU, New Delhi. Ruchika Chaurasia, 3rd Year, BA LL. B, Delhi Metropolitan Education, GGSIPU, New Delhi. Download Manuscript ABSTRACT The Plea of Alibi is a fundamental aspect of criminal law, it serves as a defence mechanism - [TURN OF TABLES : AN OVERVIEW OF THE LEGALITY OF THE JALLIKATTU PRACTICE](https://lijdlr.com/2023/06/22/turn-of-tables-an-overview-of-the-legality-of-the-jallikattu-practice/) - TURN OF TABLES : AN OVERVIEW OF THE LEGALITY OF THE JALLIKATTU PRACTICE Disha Bhalla, First-year student at Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University, Lucknow. Download Manuscript ABSTRACT Recently, the Jallikattu Practice performed in the State of Tamil Nadu had a rollercoaster ride. Jallikattu in Tamil Nadu, Bullock-cart racing in Maharashtra, and Kambala in - [LEGAL ASPECTS OF MARRIAGE OF MENTALLY UNSTABLE INDIVIDUALS](https://lijdlr.com/2023/06/22/legal-aspects-of-marriage-of-mentally-unstable-individuals/) - LEGAL ASPECTS OF MARRIAGE OF MENTALLY UNSTABLE INDIVIDUALS Garima Sachan, Student at Hidayatullah National Law University. Download Manuscript ABSTRACT The legal aspects of marriage of mentally unstable individuals are complex and often raise ethical and moral questions. Marriage is a legal and social institution that confers a range of rights and obligations on individuals. For - [A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ARMED FORCES SPECIAL POWER ACT (AFSPA). A NEED OF THE TIME OR A DELINEATION FROM THE MORALITY OF THE LAW?](https://lijdlr.com/2023/06/22/a-critical-analysis-of-the-armed-forces-special-power-act-afspa-a-need-of-the-time-or-a-delineation-from-the-morality-of-the-law/) - A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ARMED FORCES SPECIAL POWER ACT (AFSPA). A NEED OF THE TIME OR A DELINEATION FROM THE MORALITY OF THE LAW? Mohammad Anas,Faculty of Law Aligarh Muslim University, Murshidabad Centre. Kaif Hasan, Faculty of Law Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. Download Manuscript ABSTRACT Martin Luther King Jr. stated that “There are two - [CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN MODERN TIMES: CAN UTILIZATION OF TECHNOLOGY HELP ACHIEVE STRONGER CORPORATE GOVERNANCE](https://lijdlr.com/2023/06/22/corporate-governance-in-modern-times-can-utilization-of-technology-help-achieve-stronger-corporate-governance/) - CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN MODERN TIMES: CAN UTILIZATION OF TECHNOLOGY HELP ACHIEVE STRONGER CORPORATE GOVERNANCE Ahana Sen, 4th year, BA LLB Student at Christ Deemed to be University Delhi NCR Rahil Rahman, 4th year, BA LLB Student at Symbiosis Law School, Hyderabad. Download Manuscript ABSTRACT Technology has now reached all spectrums of life and has become - [AI ETHICS AND LEGAL COMPLIANCE-THE IMPERATIVE FOR RESPONSIBLE INNOVATION](https://lijdlr.com/2023/06/22/ai-ethics-and-legal-compliance-the-imperative-for-responsible-innovation/) - AI ETHICS AND LEGAL COMPLIANCE-THE IMPERATIVE FOR RESPONSIBLE INNOVATION Mayank Khichar, Student at National Academy of Legal Studies And Research (NALSAR) University, Hyderabad. Download Manuscript ABSTRACT This research article examines the crucial need for responsible innovation in the context of artificial intelligence (AI) ethics and legal compliance. The increasing proliferation of AI-based technologies has raised - [DRUGS PREVENTION LAWS IN INDIA-A CRITICAL ANALYSIS](https://lijdlr.com/2023/06/22/drugs-prevention-laws-in-india-a-critical-analysis/) - DRUGS PREVENTION LAWS IN INDIA-A CRITICAL ANALYSIS Aabil Husain, Assistant Professor, Department of Law Prestige Institute of Management & Research, Gwalior Download Manuscript ABSTRACT The use of drugs and narcotics substance has increased and the substances used have taken an impact on an individual’s life many adults are using substantial use of these particular individuals - [APPLICATION OF DOCTRINE OF RADD AND EVOLUTION OF RIGHT OF REVERTER OF SURVIVING SPOUSE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/07/21/application-of-doctrine-of-radd-and-evolution-of-right-of-reverter-of-surviving-spouse/) - APPLICATION OF DOCTRINE OF RADD AND EVOLUTION OF RIGHT OF REVERTER OF SURVIVING SPOUSE R.J. Franciska Oviya, B.A. LL. B, 5th Semester, Student at Government Law college, Madurai affiliated to Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.257 In Islamic intestate succession, the sharers (Koranic heirs) and the residuaries or customary heirs inherit In Islamic intestate succession, the sharers (Koranic heirs) and the residuaries or customary heirs inherit simultaneously; the distant kindred inherit only in their absence. Following the assignment of fixed sharers to sharers, a portion of the deceased’s intestate estate remains undisposed of. Since there are no residuaries to claim the residue, the issue of distribution of excess heritage arises. - [CASE ANALYSIS ON DR. TANVI BEHL V. SHREY GOEL & ORS.: CIVIL APPEAL NO. 9289 OF 2019 / 2025 INSC 125](https://lijdlr.com/2026/07/21/case-analysis-on-dr-tanvi-behl-v-shrey-goel-ors-civil-appeal-no-9289-of-2019-2025-insc-125/) - CASE ANALYSIS ON DR. TANVI BEHL V. SHREY GOEL & ORS.: CIVIL APPEAL NO. 9289 OF 2019 / 2025 INSC 125 Selvaprasad. T, LL.M (IPR Law), 3rd Semester, Student at Government Law College Thiruchirappalli, affiliated with Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University, Chennai (India) Gowthaman. M, Advocate at High court of Madras (India) Download Manuscript The Supreme Court of India, in Dr. Tanvi Behl v. Shrey Goel & Ors., delivered a significant constitutional ruling on whether residence-based or domicile-based reservation in post-graduate medical courses is constitutionally valid. This case is arisen from the Union territory of Chandigarh, where the Government medical college and Hospital reserved all 64 state quota seats either for Institutional based preference or for the person satisfying residential criteria of the Chandigarh - [ENCRYPTED BUT NOT FREE: STATE SURVEILLANCE, SECTION 69 IT ACT, AND THE FUTURE OF DIGITAL PRIVACY IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/07/20/encrypted-but-not-free-state-surveillance-section-69-it-act-and-the-future-of-digital-privacy-in-india/) - ENCRYPTED BUT NOT FREE: STATE SURVEILLANCE, SECTION 69 IT ACT, AND THE FUTURE OF DIGITAL PRIVACY IN INDIA Arush Kalsotra, B.A. LLB (H), 6th Semester, Student at Himachal Pradesh National Law University, Shimla (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.255 This paper examines the expansion of State surveillance and digital censorship in India through the statutory architecture of This paper examines the expansion of State surveillance and digital censorship in India through the statutory architecture of the Information Technology Act, 2000, particularly Sections 69, 69A and 79(3)(b), and tests that architecture against the constitutional standards of privacy, proportionality, free speech and chilling effect. Adopting a doctrinal and case-study-based methodology, it analyses primary legal materials, including the IT Act, the 2009 Interception Rules, the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, and leading decisions such as Shreya Singhal, Puttaswamy, Anuradha Bhasin and the Kunal Kamra litigation. - [IN RE: SECTION 6A OF THE CITIZENSHIP ACT, 1955: PARLIAMENT'S POWER, EQUALITY AND ASSAM'S EXCEPTIONALISM](https://lijdlr.com/2026/07/20/in-re-section-6a-of-the-citizenship-act-1955-parliaments-power-equality-and-assams-exceptionalism/) - IN RE: SECTION 6A OF THE CITIZENSHIP ACT, 1955: PARLIAMENT'S POWER, EQUALITY AND ASSAM'S EXCEPTIONALISM Aditya Kumar, Research Scholar at NUSRL, Ranchi (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.254 The Supreme Court’s judgment in the case In Re: Section 6A of The Citizenship Act, 1955 marks a defining moment in Indian citizenship jurisprudence especially at a time when The Supreme Court’s judgment in the case In Re: Section 6A of The Citizenship Act, 1955 marks a defining moment in Indian citizenship jurisprudence especially at a time when citizenship as concept is one of the most important topics discussed around the world. The judgment puts to the end the long-standing controversy around the legitimacy of Section 6A of The Citizenship Act, 1955 since 1985. - [THE TYRANNY OF CONSTITUTIONAL SILENCE: ANALYZING THE VACUUM OF BINDING LAW IN INDIAN HUNG ASSEMBLIES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/07/16/the-tyranny-of-constitutional-silence-analyzing-the-vacuum-of-binding-law-in-indian-hung-assemblies/) - THE TYRANNY OF CONSTITUTIONAL SILENCE: ANALYZING THE VACUUM OF BINDING LAW IN INDIAN HUNG ASSEMBLIES Gowthaman. M, Advocate at High court of Madras (India) Selvaprasad. T, LL.M (IPR Law), 3rd Semester, Student at Government Law College Thiruchirappalli, affiliated with Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University, Chennai (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.253 This paper analyses the profound This paper analyses the profound legal vacuum and structural vulnerabilities embedded in the Indian constitutional framework during a “Hung Assembly.” While Article 164(1) empowers the Governor to appoint the Chief Minister, the text remains entirely silent on the procedure to be followed when an absolute electoral majority is absent. Consequently, this constitutional silence transforms an otherwise formal executive function into an unregulated exercise of “situational discretion.” - [RIGHT TO INTERNET ACCESS: A CONSTITUTIONAL AND HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE IN THE DIGITAL AGE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/07/16/right-to-internet-access-a-constitutional-and-human-rights-perspective-in-the-digital-age/) - RIGHT TO INTERNET ACCESS: A CONSTITUTIONAL AND HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE IN THE DIGITAL AGE Gautam Kumar Mahto, Phd Scholar at Radha Govind University, Ramgarh, Jharkhand (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.252 In the digital age, access to the Internet has become central to the effective enjoyment of constitutional freedoms and human rights. This paper examines whether Internet In the digital age, access to the Internet has become central to the effective enjoyment of constitutional freedoms and human rights. This paper examines whether Internet access should be recognised as an independent fundamental right or as a derivative right that enables the exercise of existing rights such as freedom of speech and expression, education, privacy, trade, access to information, and democratic participation. - [MISAPPROPRIATION OF INDIGENOUS TRADITIONAL DESIGNS: THE NEED FOR SUI GENERIS PROTECTION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/07/12/misappropriation-of-indigenous-traditional-designs-the-need-for-sui-generis-protection/) - MISAPPROPRIATION OF INDIGENOUS TRADITIONAL DESIGNS: THE NEED FOR SUI GENERIS PROTECTION Zainab Zubair, BA.LLB (H), 9th Semester, Student at UPES, Dehradun (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.251 There exists a vast cultural heritage of indigenous peoples all over the globe, which is demonstrated through traditional artistic patterns and designs, bearing significant cosmological and spiritual importance for communities There exists a vast cultural heritage of indigenous peoples all over the globe, which is demonstrated through traditional artistic patterns and designs, bearing significant cosmological and spiritual importance for communities of indigenous peoples. Yet, intellectual property law of today is hardly designed to protect it. Indigenous traditional knowledge (ITK) and traditional cultural expressions (TCEs) are communal, intergenerational, and spiritually rooted knowledge systems that existing legal regimes including copyright, trademark, and design patent protection — were not designed to accommodate. - [ROLE OF ARBITRATION IN CROSS-BORDER MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS: LEGAL LANDSCAPE AND ENFORCEMENT CHALLENGES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/07/11/role-of-arbitration-in-cross-border-mergers-and-acquisitions-legal-landscape-and-enforcement-challenges/) - ROLE OF ARBITRATION IN CROSS-BORDER MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS: LEGAL LANDSCAPE AND ENFORCEMENT CHALLENGES Dr. Shreya Bhardwaj, Assistant Professor at Gitarattan International Business School Affiliated with Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University (GGSIPU) (India) Herambh Bhatia, 3rd year, Student at Gitarattan International Business School Affiliated with Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University (GSSIPU) (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.250 Cross-border Cross-border mergers and acquisitions sit at the intersection of corporate law, private international law, and commercial risk allocation, and disputes arising from them rarely fit neatly inside the courts of a single jurisdiction. Arbitration has become the dispute resolution mechanism of choice for such transactions because it offers a neutral forum, confidentiality, party autonomy in selecting decision-makers, and most importantly a relatively reliable path to cross-border enforcement under the New York Convention. - [THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE IN BILATERAL INVESTMENT TREATIES: BALANCING ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT](https://lijdlr.com/2026/07/11/the-precautionary-principle-in-bilateral-investment-treaties-balancing-environmental-protection-and-foreign-direct-investment/) - THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE IN BILATERAL INVESTMENT TREATIES: BALANCING ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT Kadidja Said, PhD Candidate in International Law at Southwest University of Political Science and Law (SWUPL), Chongqing, China Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.249 This paper examines the integration of the precautionary principle (PP) into Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) as a legal mechanism for This paper examines the integration of the precautionary principle (PP) into Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) as a legal mechanism for reconciling environmental protection with foreign direct investment (FDI). It traces the evolution of the PP from international environmental law, particularly the Rio Declaration, into international economic and investment law, with attention to its treatment in the European Union and the World Trade Organization. - [ROLE OF JUDICIARY IN THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/07/10/role-of-judiciary-in-the-protection-of-human-rights-in-india/) - ROLE OF JUDICIARY IN THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN INDIA Yashika Walia, LL.M, 2nd Semester, Student at Rayat Bahra University (India) Parul Singh, Assistant Prof. at Rayat Bahra University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.248 The value of human rights becomes meaningful only when legal guarantees are supported by effective and enforceable remedies. In India, the The value of human rights becomes meaningful only when legal guarantees are supported by effective and enforceable remedies. In India, the judiciary has played a decisive role in transforming constitutional promises into practical protection through judicial review, writ jurisdiction, public interest litigation and purposive interpretation of fundamental rights. - [A PROCEDURAL SHIFT IN CRIMINAL LAW: PRE-COGNIZANCE HEARINGS UNDER SECTION 223 OF THE BHARATIYA NAGARIK SURAKSHA SANHITA, 2023](https://lijdlr.com/2026/07/09/a-procedural-shift-in-criminal-law-pre-cognizance-hearings-under-section-223-of-the-bharatiya-nagarik-suraksha-sanhita-2023/) - A PROCEDURAL SHIFT IN CRIMINAL LAW: PRE-COGNIZANCE HEARINGS UNDER SECTION 223 OF THE BHARATIYA NAGARIK SURAKSHA SANHITA, 2023 Vivek Kulshrestha, B.Sc. LL.B. (H), 5th Semester, Student at National Law Institute University, Bhopal (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.247 Section 223 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (“BNSS”) fundamentally alters the procedural architecture of complaint-case adjudication in Section 223 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (“BNSS”) fundamentally alters the procedural architecture of complaint-case adjudication in Indian criminal law. Under the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (“CrPC”), the stage preceding issuance of process was ordinarily ex parte: the Magistrate examined the complainant, evaluated the threshold material and, if sufficient ground existed, issued process without any participation by the proposed accused. - [LAND, ENVIRONMENT, AND THE CONSTITUTION: CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES IN URBAN DEVELOPMENT](https://lijdlr.com/2026/07/09/land-environment-and-the-constitution-contemporary-challenges-in-urban-development/) - LAND, ENVIRONMENT, AND THE CONSTITUTION: CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES IN URBAN DEVELOPMENT Mayur Mahajan, BBA LLB (H), 5th Semester, Student at Jaipur National University (India) Mayank Sharma, BBA LLB (H), 5th Semester, Student at Jaipur National University (India) Lokender Singh, BBA LLB (H), 3th Semester, Student at Jaipur National University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.246 India’s accelerated urbanisation India’s accelerated urbanisation has intensified conflicts between private land interests and environmental protection in infrastructure, housing, and industrial development, particularly within wetlands, floodplains, forest margins, coastal zones, and other ecologically sensitive areas. This study examines the constitutional balance between property rights under Article 300A and environmental obligations flowing from Articles 21, 48A, and 51A(g) of the Constitution of India. Adopting a doctrinal and analytical methodology, it analyses the Environment (Protection) Act 1986, the Environmental Impact Assessment Notification 2006, the Water and Air pollution-control statutes, the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act 2013, the National Green Tribunal Act 2010, representative town-planning laws, and relevant judicial precedents. - [PROTECTION OF VULNERABLE WITNESSES IN SEXUAL OFFENCE TRIALS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF VULNERABLE WITNESS DEPOSITION CENTRES IN JHARSUGUDA DISTRICT](https://lijdlr.com/2026/07/09/protection-of-vulnerable-witnesses-in-sexual-offence-trials-an-empirical-study-of-the-implementation-of-vulnerable-witness-deposition-centres-in-jharsuguda-district/) - PROTECTION OF VULNERABLE WITNESSES IN SEXUAL OFFENCE TRIALS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF VULNERABLE WITNESS DEPOSITION CENTRES IN JHARSUGUDA DISTRICT Khetramani Ati, Assistant Professor at P.G Department of Law, Sambalpur University, Odisha (India) Samyak Nayak, LL.M, Student at P.G Department of Law, Sambalpur University, Odisha (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.245 The protection of vulnerable The protection of vulnerable witnesses has become a cornerstone of India's evolving victim-centric criminal justice system, particularly in the prosecution of sexual offences. Victims and other vulnerable witnesses often face intimidation, psychological trauma, social stigma, and secondary victimisation during criminal proceedings, adversely affecting both the quality of evidence and the administration of justice. - [CONCEPT OF JIHAD IN MODERN MUSLIM LAW: AN ANALYSIS OF MISREPRESENTATION, GENDER IMPACT, AND JUDICIAL INTERPRETATION IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/07/06/concept-of-jihad-in-modern-muslim-law-an-analysis-of-misrepresentation-gender-impact-and-judicial-interpretation-in-india/) - CONCEPT OF JIHAD IN MODERN MUSLIM LAW: AN ANALYSIS OF MISREPRESENTATION, GENDER IMPACT, AND JUDICIAL INTERPRETATION IN INDIA Pratibha Tewatia, B.A LLB (H), 7th Semester, Student at Amity University, Gurugram, Haryana (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.244 The concept of Jihad in Islam has long been a subject of scholarly debate, political discourse, and media portrayal. While The concept of Jihad in Islam has long been a subject of scholarly debate, political discourse, and media portrayal. While the term Jihad is often translated as “struggle” or “striving,” its meaning and interpretation have evolved over time, influenced by religious, historical, and socio-political factors. Classical Islamic thought presents Jihad as a comprehensive struggle encompassing personal spiritual discipline, intellectual and social activism, and defensive military efforts. - [REGULATING ONLINE GAMING AND E-SPORTS IN INDIA: LEGAL FRAMEWORKS, CONSUMER PROTECTION AND INNOVATION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/07/06/regulating-online-gaming-and-e-sports-in-india-legal-frameworks-consumer-protection-and-innovation/) - REGULATING ONLINE GAMING AND E-SPORTS IN INDIA: LEGAL FRAMEWORKS, CONSUMER PROTECTION AND INNOVATION E.A. Vidhyabharathi, Assistant. Professor of Law at KMC College of Law, Tirupur, Research Scholar, Second Year, The Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University, SOEL, Chennai, Tamil Nadu (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.243 Online gaming and e-sports have emerged as one of the fastest-growing Online gaming and e-sports have emerged as one of the fastest-growing sectors of India's digital economy, creating significant legal and regulatory challenges relating to gambling regulation, consumer protection, data privacy, taxation, intermediary liability, and the constitutional distribution of legislative powers between the Union and the States. The enactment of the Promotion and Regulation of Online Gaming Act, 2025 (Act No. 32 of 2025) and the Promotion and Regulation of Online Gaming Rules, 2026 has fundamentally transformed the regulatory framework by prohibiting online money games irrespective of whether they involve skill or chance while establishing a statutory regime for the governance and promotion of e-sports and online social games. - [BEYOND PERMANENT RESERVATION: DESIGNING A GLOBAL EXIT POLICY (SUNSET CLAUSE) FOR AFFIRMATIVE ACTION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/07/01/beyond-permanent-reservation-designing-a-global-exit-policy-sunset-clause-for-affirmative-action/) - BEYOND PERMANENT RESERVATION: DESIGNING A GLOBAL EXIT POLICY (SUNSET CLAUSE) FOR AFFIRMATIVE ACTION Rani Devangan, Ph.D. Scholar (Law) at Kalinga University, Kotni, Atal Nagar-Nava Raipur, Chhattisgarh (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.242 Affirmative action policies were originally conceived as temporary remedial measures to redress historical discrimination, structural exclusion, and entrenched social inequalities. Nevertheless, in several jurisdictions these Affirmative action policies were originally conceived as temporary remedial measures to redress historical discrimination, structural exclusion, and entrenched social inequalities. Nevertheless, in several jurisdictions these measures have gradually evolved into long-term or indefinite arrangements without clearly defined termination mechanisms or systematic performance review. - [INVESTIGATIVE CONFIDENTIALITY, PUBLIC TRUST, AND POLICE LEGITIMACY IN DRUG ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS: LESSONS FROM LIBERIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/07/01/investigative-confidentiality-public-trust-and-police-legitimacy-in-drug-enforcement-operations-lessons-from-liberia/) - INVESTIGATIVE CONFIDENTIALITY, PUBLIC TRUST, AND POLICE LEGITIMACY IN DRUG ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS: LESSONS FROM LIBERIA Dr. Ambrues Monboe Nebo, Doctor of Sociology, Ph.D. Student -Security Studies with an emphasis on International Security, Hill-City University, Benin Republic, Adjunct Faculty, Department of Sociology and Criminology, & Political Science, University of Liberia, Department of Criminal Justice & Forensic Science The balance between investigative confidentiality and public transparency remains a persistent challenge in contemporary law enforcement, particularly in high-profile drug trafficking investigations. This article examines how the management of confidential information influences public trust and perceptions of institutional legitimacy, using the Liberia Drug Enforcement Agency’s (LDEA) handling of the US$19.2 million cocaine seizure at Roberts International Airport (RIA) as a case study. - [POLICE POWERS OF ARREST UNDER THE BNSS: DISCRETION, ACCOUNTABILITY AND ADMINISTRATIVE CHALLENGES IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/07/01/police-powers-of-arrest-under-the-bnss-discretion-accountability-and-administrative-challenges-in-india/) - POLICE POWERS OF ARREST UNDER THE BNSS: DISCRETION, ACCOUNTABILITY AND ADMINISTRATIVE CHALLENGES IN INDIA Kang Cheoi Lama, LLM, Student at The West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences (NUJS) (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.240 The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS), which came into force on 1 July 2024, replaces the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS), which came into force on 1 July 2024, replaces the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC) and restructures the legal framework governing police powers of arrest. Building upon constitutional jurisprudence and landmark decisions such as D.K. Basu v. State of West Bengal and Arnesh Kumar v. State of Bihar, the BNSS seeks to balance police discretion with enhanced procedural accountability. - [CYBERCRIME AND DIGITAL VICTIMIZATION IN INDIA: EMERGING TRENDS, CRIMINAL JUSTICE CHALLENGES, AND REFORMATIVE POLICY IMPERATIVES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/07/01/cybercrime-and-digital-victimization-in-india-emerging-trends-criminal-justice-challenges-and-reformative-policy-imperatives/) - CYBERCRIME AND DIGITAL VICTIMIZATION IN INDIA: EMERGING TRENDS, CRIMINAL JUSTICE CHALLENGES, AND REFORMATIVE POLICY IMPERATIVES Ms Nikke, Assistant Professor at Department of Law, Gurugram University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.239 India’s rapid expansion into the digital world has brought with it a significant and growing problem of cybercrime. As internet access reaches more citizens—including those with India's rapid expansion into the digital world has brought with it a significant and growing problem of cybercrime. As internet access reaches more citizens—including those with limited digital education the opportunities for criminal exploitation have multiplied. This paper examines cybercrime in India from criminological, victimological, and legal perspectives using a doctrinal and socio-legal research methodology. - [CASE ANALYSIS ON HANUMAN LAXMAN AROSKAR v. UNION OF INDIA (AIRONLINE 2019 SC 318)](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/27/case-analysis-on-hanuman-laxman-aroskar-v-union-of-india-aironline-2019-sc-318/) - CASE ANALYSIS ON HANUMAN LAXMAN AROSKAR v. UNION OF INDIA (AIRONLINE 2019 SC 318) Sai Prarthana M, B. Com LL. B, (H), 9th Semester, Student at School of Excellence in Law, Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University, Chennai (India) Sai Sathiyapriya M, B. Com LL. B, (H), 9th Semester, Student at School of Excellence in In the case of Hanuman Laxman Aroskar vs. Union of India is a significant landmark judgment given by Supreme Court of India, concerning the grant of Environmental Clearance (EC) for the Mopa International Airport project in Goa. The Petitioners in this case challenged the validity of the EC on the grounds that the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process was flawed and failed to adequately assess the consequences of the Airport project. - [BEYOND SUBSIDIES: WHY REGULATORY EXECUTION WILL DETERMINE THE SUCCESS OF INDIA’S SEMICONDUCTOR MISSION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/27/beyond-subsidies-why-regulatory-execution-will-determine-the-success-of-indias-semiconductor-mission/) - BEYOND SUBSIDIES: WHY REGULATORY EXECUTION WILL DETERMINE THE SUCCESS OF INDIA’S SEMICONDUCTOR MISSION Abir Chattaraj, PhD Scholar at Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.237 Semiconductors have emerged as strategic assets at the intersection of economic competitiveness, technological sovereignty, and national security, prompting governments worldwide to adopt extensive industrial policies to strengthen domestic Semiconductors have emerged as strategic assets at the intersection of economic competitiveness, technological sovereignty, and national security, prompting governments worldwide to adopt extensive industrial policies to strengthen domestic manufacturing capabilities. India responded through the Semicon India Programme by committing substantial fiscal incentives to establish an indigenous semiconductor ecosystem. - [VOICES FROM THE MARGINS: INDIGENOUS WOMEN’S POLITICAL AGENCY, JUSTICE, AND THE DIGITAL STRUGGLE FOR EQUALITY](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/27/voices-from-the-margins-indigenous-womens-political-agency-justice-and-the-digital-struggle-for-equality/) - VOICES FROM THE MARGINS: INDIGENOUS WOMEN’S POLITICAL AGENCY, JUSTICE, AND THE DIGITAL STRUGGLE FOR EQUALITY Sijil Sharma, BBA LLB (H), 4th Semester, Students at Adamas University, Kolkata (India) Rajarshi Ghosh, BBA LLB (H), 4th Semester, Students at Adamas University, Kolkata (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.236 “There is no tool for development more effective than the empowerment “There is no tool for development more effective than the empowerment of women.” By Kofi Annan. This paper looks at how women and indigenous political institutions are connected and how the old ways of governing affect women ability to take part in politics and make their voices heard. In indigenous communities’ traditional leaders make important decisions resolve conflicts and help keep the communities’ culture alive. - [DEEPFAKE AND PERSONALITY RIGHTS IN INDIA: NEED FOR A SEPARATE LEGAL FRAMEWORK](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/26/deepfake-and-personality-rights-in-india-need-for-a-separate-legal-framework/) - DEEPFAKE AND PERSONALITY RIGHTS IN INDIA: NEED FOR A SEPARATE LEGAL FRAMEWORK Anju Bala, BBA LL.B., Student at Department of Law, School of Legal Studies, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow (India) Aayush Verma, Ph.D. Scholar at Department of Law, School of Legal Studies, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow (India) The digital revolution and the rapid proliferation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies have fundamentally transformed the landscape of personal identity and its protection under law. Among the most alarming manifestations of this transformation is the emergence of deepfakes hyper-realistic, AI-generated audio-visual simulations that replicate an individual’s voice, likeness, and mannerisms without consent. - [MAYA ANGELOU’S PHENOMENAL REPRESENTATION OF VIOLENCE TOWARDS WOMEN](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/25/maya-angelous-phenomenal-representation-of-violence-towards-women/) - MAYA ANGELOU’S PHENOMENAL REPRESENTATION OF VIOLENCE TOWARDS WOMEN Dr Debadrita Basu, Assistant Professor at School of Legal Studies, Swami Vivekananda University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.234 Maya Angelou’s literary and autobiographical works stand as powerful testimonies to the pervasive violence faced by women, particularly Black women, in the United States. Through texts such as I Know Maya Angelou’s literary and autobiographical works stand as powerful testimonies to the pervasive violence faced by women, particularly Black women, in the United States. Through texts such as I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings and her subsequent autobiographies, Angelou transforms personal trauma into collective narrative, exposing the systemic intersections of race, gender, and oppression. - [NEURO-RIGHTS AND CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY: RETHINKING MENS REA, MENTAL PRIVACY, AND CULPABILITY IN THE AGE OF BRAIN–COMPUTER INTERFACES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/25/neuro-rights-and-criminal-responsibility-rethinking-mens-rea-mental-privacy-and-culpability-in-the-age-of-brain-computer-interfaces/) - NEURO-RIGHTS AND CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY: RETHINKING MENS REA, MENTAL PRIVACY, AND CULPABILITY IN THE AGE OF BRAIN–COMPUTER INTERFACES Dr. Santosh Sati, Assistant Professor & Programme Coordinator (LL.B.) at IMS Law College, Noida (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.233 The accelerating development of neurotechnology encompassing Brain Computer Interfaces (BCIs), neural implants, deep brain stimulation systems, and brain-signal decoding algorithms The accelerating development of neurotechnology encompassing Brain Computer Interfaces (BCIs), neural implants, deep brain stimulation systems, and brain-signal decoding algorithms poses transformative yet profoundly disruptive challenges to the conceptual architecture of criminal law. The doctrines of mens rea, voluntary conduct, and individual culpability have historically presupposed an autonomous mental agent whose cognitive processes remain unmediated by external technological intervention. - [REPEAT APPOINTMENTS AND THE RISK OF BIAS IN ARBITRATION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/25/repeat-appointments-and-the-risk-of-bias-in-arbitration/) - REPEAT APPOINTMENTS AND THE RISK OF BIAS IN ARBITRATION Shruti Dyodia, LL.M (ADR), 2nd Semester, Student at O.P Jindal Global University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.232 This study examines the increasingly significant issue of repeat or consecutive appointments of arbitrators in commercial arbitration and analyses whether such appointments create actual or perceived bias capable of undermining This study examines the increasingly significant issue of repeat or consecutive appointments of arbitrators in commercial arbitration and analyses whether such appointments create actual or perceived bias capable of undermining the principles of independence and impartiality. The research focuses primarily on the Indian legal framework governing arbitrator appointments and challenges, while undertaking a comparative examination of the approaches adopted in Singapore, Hong Kong, and Paris under leading institutional arbitration regimes. - [PERSONALITY RIGHTS AND CELEBRITY RIGHTS IN ADVERTISING AND BRANDING](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/25/personality-rights-and-celebrity-rights-in-advertising-and-branding/) - PERSONALITY RIGHTS AND CELEBRITY RIGHTS IN ADVERTISING AND BRANDING Ishita Mittal, LL.M, 2nd Semester, Student at Department of Laws, Panjab University, Chandigarh (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.231 Springing up as hot-burning legal trend in India, publicity or personality rights of celebrities are contributing to the development of Indian entertainment law, thereby arsing the requirement for legal Springing up as hot-burning legal trend in India, publicity or personality rights of celebrities are contributing to the development of Indian entertainment law, thereby arsing the requirement for legal scholars and academics to study the implications of these peculiar rights. The two-fold Personality rights mainly comprise: Right to privacy and Publicity rights. - [SHIELDING THE VOTE OR CLOAKING CORRUPTION? A DOCTRINAL CRITIQUE OF LEGISLATIVE PRIVILEGE POST-SITA SOREN](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/25/shielding-the-vote-or-cloaking-corruption-a-doctrinal-critique-of-legislative-privilege-post-sita-soren/) - SHIELDING THE VOTE OR CLOAKING CORRUPTION? A DOCTRINAL CRITIQUE OF LEGISLATIVE PRIVILEGE POST-SITA SOREN Swabhiman Swarup, B.A. LLB, 7th Semester, Student at National Law University Odisha (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.230 This is a landmark decision in “Sita Soren v. Union of India (2024) 5 SCC 629,” which has introduced a historic paradigm shift in constitutional This is a landmark decision in “Sita Soren v. Union of India (2024) 5 SCC 629,” which has introduced a historic paradigm shift in constitutional jurisprudence and has completely up-ended the twenty-six-year-old precedent set in “P.V. Narasimha Rao v. State (1998)”. This judicial loophole in the Indian Constitution has been created by the interpretation of Articles 105(2) and 194(2) for more than two decades, which granted absolute immunity to legislators who took bribes provided that they do their part under the corrupt bargain in the House. - [NEED FOR A NATIONAL FORENSIC SCIENCE POLICY IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/24/need-for-a-national-forensic-science-policy-in-india/) - NEED FOR A NATIONAL FORENSIC SCIENCE POLICY IN INDIA Joel James J, LL.M, 4th Semester, Student at Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.229 The use of forensic science has become increasingly important in criminal investigations because it helps investigators rely on scientific findings rather than depending entirely on witness statements or The use of forensic science has become increasingly important in criminal investigations because it helps investigators rely on scientific findings rather than depending entirely on witness statements or confessions. As crime has become more complex with the growth of technology, cyber offences, organised criminal activities, and sophisticated methods of committing offences, the need for scientific investigation has grown significantly. - [AN ANALYTICAL STUDY ON CORPORATE LAW AND GOVERNANCE IN THE MODERN BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/24/an-analytical-study-on-corporate-law-and-governance-in-the-modern-business-environment/) - AN ANALYTICAL STUDY ON CORPORATE LAW AND GOVERNANCE IN THE MODERN BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Divyansha Sharma, BBA LLB (H), 8th Semester, Student at Amity University Ranchi, Jharkhand (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.228 This paper discusses the profound effect of the nature and evolving trends of corporate law and governance. In this paper, the author has tackled fundamental This paper discusses the profound effect of the nature and evolving trends of corporate law and governance. In this paper, the author has tackled fundamental notions of corporate law, corporate governance, and their interrelation, then proceeded to discuss conventional governance frameworks and their shortcomings. The main intent behind this study is to offer an in-depth analysis of the prevailing critical issues influencing corporate governance systems and their position and requirements in today’s globalized economy, while proposing flexible strategies for ensuring transparency, accountability, and sustainable business practices. - [WHY DO WHITE-COLLAR CRIMINALS ESCAPE PUNISHMENT? ENFORCEMENT GAPS IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/24/why-do-white-collar-criminals-escape-punishment-enforcement-gaps-in-india/) - WHY DO WHITE-COLLAR CRIMINALS ESCAPE PUNISHMENT? ENFORCEMENT GAPS IN INDIA Joel James J, LL.M, 4th Semester, Student at Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.227 White-collar crime has emerged as one of the most challenging forms of deviance in modern society because it is often committed by individuals who occupy positions of White-collar crime has emerged as one of the most challenging forms of deviance in modern society because it is often committed by individuals who occupy positions of economic, political, or professional influence. Unlike conventional crimes, these offences are usually carried out through business transactions, financial dealings, corporate activities, or abuse of official authority. - [FORENSIC INFRASTRUCTURE DEFICIT AND DELAY IN CRIMINAL TRIALS: A POLICY ANALYSIS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/24/forensic-infrastructure-deficit-and-delay-in-criminal-trials-a-policy-analysis/) - FORENSIC INFRASTRUCTURE DEFICIT AND DELAY IN CRIMINAL TRIALS: A POLICY ANALYSIS Jenimettilda J, LL.M, 4th Semester, Student at Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.226 Forensic science has become an important part of criminal investigation in recent years. Courts and investigating agencies increasingly rely on scientific evidence such as DNA analysis, fingerprints, Forensic science has become an important part of criminal investigation in recent years. Courts and investigating agencies increasingly rely on scientific evidence such as DNA analysis, fingerprints, toxicology reports, and digital evidence to establish facts and determine responsibility. - [AI, CREDIBILITY, AND EVIDENCE IN ASYLUM LAW: DIALECT RECOGNITION, TRANSCRIPT SUMMARISATION, DOCUMENT ANALYSIS, AND COUNTRY-OF-ORIGIN RESEARCH](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/23/ai-credibility-and-evidence-in-asylum-law-dialect-recognition-transcript-summarisation-document-analysis-and-country-of-origin-research/) - AI, CREDIBILITY, AND EVIDENCE IN ASYLUM LAW: DIALECT RECOGNITION, TRANSCRIPT SUMMARISATION, DOCUMENT ANALYSIS, AND COUNTRY-OF-ORIGIN RESEARCH Rajeev Meena, LL.M. (Business Law), University of California, Davis School of Law, California, USA. Advocate enrolled with the Bar Council of Rajasthan, India. Legal Researcher and AI Legal Evaluation Specialist focusing on the intersection of Law, Artificial Intelligence, Intellectual Artificial intelligence is increasingly entering refugee status determination through tools such as dialect recognition, name transliteration, speech transcription, transcript summarisation, document analysis, country-of-origin research, and case matching. These tools are often presented as instruments of efficiency, consistency, and administrative support. Yet, in asylum law, they operate within a field where proof is already fragile and credibility is often decisive. - [THE EU AI ACT AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM: ARE “HIGH-RISK” SAFEGUARDS ENOUGH FOR ASYLUM, VISA, AND RESIDENCE DECISIONS?](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/23/the-eu-ai-act-and-the-right-to-asylum-are-high-risk-safeguards-enough-for-asylum-visa-and-residence-decisions/) - THE EU AI ACT AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM: ARE “HIGH-RISK” SAFEGUARDS ENOUGH FOR ASYLUM, VISA, AND RESIDENCE DECISIONS? Prabin Acharya, Advocate licensed to practice in Nepal Legal Researcher and Immigration Law Professional; LL.M., University of California, Davis School of Law (2025) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.224 This paper examines whether the EU AI Act’s “high-risk” framework This paper examines whether the EU AI Act’s “high-risk” framework adequately protects the right to asylum when artificial intelligence assists asylum, visa, and residence decisions. It situates AI within EU migration governance, where automated screening, document analysis, risk indicators, country-of-origin research, and credibility tools may influence access to protection before a human officer gives reasons. - [REGULATORY CAPTURE IN INDIA: WHEN REGULATORS SERVE THE ELITE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/23/regulatory-capture-in-india-when-regulators-serve-the-elite/) - REGULATORY CAPTURE IN INDIA: WHEN REGULATORS SERVE THE ELITE Jenimettilda J, LL.M, 4th Semester, Student at Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.223 Regulatory bodies play an important role in modern governance because they are responsible for overseeing industries, enforcing legal standards, and ensuring that economic activities are carried out in a Regulatory bodies play an important role in modern governance because they are responsible for overseeing industries, enforcing legal standards, and ensuring that economic activities are carried out in a fair and accountable manner. In India, several independent regulatory institutions have been established in sectors such as telecommunications, banking, securities markets, environmental protection, competition law, and natural resources. - [COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FREE-AI COMMITTEE REPORT](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/23/comparative-analysis-of-free-ai-committee-report/) - COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FREE-AI COMMITTEE REPORT Neelansh Rao, Advocate at District court (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.222 Artificial intelligence (AI), including machine learning and generative AI, is transforming financial services by improving customer engagement, credit assessment, risk management, fraud detection, and operational efficiency. Its growing deployment, however, also creates material concerns relating to data protection, operational Artificial intelligence (AI), including machine learning and generative AI, is transforming financial services by improving customer engagement, credit assessment, risk management, fraud detection, and operational efficiency. Its growing deployment, however, also creates material concerns relating to data protection, operational resilience, market integrity, cybersecurity, and model governance. - [ILLEGAL STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS: STATUTORY PROVISIONS AND JUDICIAL INTERPRETATION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/23/illegal-strikes-and-lockouts-statutory-provisions-and-judicial-interpretation/) - ILLEGAL STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS: STATUTORY PROVISIONS AND JUDICIAL INTERPRETATION Anushka Maharshi, BA.LLB, 9th Semester, Student at Maharashtra National Law University, Nagpur (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.221 This article examines the statutory regulation of strikes and lockouts in Indian industrial-dispute law, using the Industrial Disputes Act 1947 (IDA) as its principal doctrinal framework. It advances the central This article examines the statutory regulation of strikes and lockouts in Indian industrial-dispute law, using the Industrial Disputes Act 1947 (IDA) as its principal doctrinal framework. It advances the central argument that judicial treatment of “illegal” and “unjustified” strikes, and of employer lockouts, has not been conceptually uniform, creating uncertainty over procedural compliance, proportionality, wage consequences and the permissible limits of collective action. - [DIGITAL EVIDENCE, AI, AND CRIMINAL TRIALS IN INDIA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/20/digital-evidence-ai-and-criminal-trials-in-india-a-critical-analysis/) - DIGITAL EVIDENCE, AI, AND CRIMINAL TRIALS IN INDIA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS Puneet Kumar Rastogi, B.A.LL.B.(H), 9th Semester, Student at Faculty of Law, University of Allahabad (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.220 The operational framework of criminal investigations and trials in India is undergoing a structural transformation due to rapid advances in consumer electronics, cloud storage, encrypted communications, The operational framework of criminal investigations and trials in India is undergoing a structural transformation due to rapid advances in consumer electronics, cloud storage, encrypted communications, algorithmic databases, and artificial intelligence. Investigating agencies increasingly rely on data drawn from remote servers, mobile devices, transient messaging platforms, automated forensic systems, and synthetic-media environments to reconstruct criminal conduct. - [REGULATORY SEQUENCING AND ADAPTIVE GOVERNANCE: A COMPARATIVE LEGAL STUDY OF BANKING AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS REFORM IN INDIA, THE UNITED STATES, THE EUROPEAN UNION, JAPAN, AND BRAZIL](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/20/regulatory-sequencing-and-adaptive-governance-a-comparative-legal-study-of-banking-and-telecommunications-reform-in-india-the-united-states-the-european-union-japan-and-brazil/) - REGULATORY SEQUENCING AND ADAPTIVE GOVERNANCE: A COMPARATIVE LEGAL STUDY OF BANKING AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS REFORM IN INDIA, THE UNITED STATES, THE EUROPEAN UNION, JAPAN, AND BRAZIL Mr. Susen Kamble, LL.M (Constitutional and Administrative Law), Student at National Law Institute University, Bhopal (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.219 This article examines whether the sequencing and design of regulatory reform, This article examines whether the sequencing and design of regulatory reform, rather than the ideological choice between regulation and deregulation, determines institutional durability and consumer-welfare outcomes. It employs a structured comparative-doctrinal method, analysing enabling legislation, regulatory mandates, appellate arrangements, judicial decisions, agency materials, and multilateral institutional assessments. - [WHEN LAW TRANSCENDS ETHICS: THE SHIFTING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEGAL NORMS, MORAL REASONING, AND SOCIAL NECESSITY](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/20/when-law-transcends-ethics-the-shifting-relationship-between-legal-norms-moral-reasoning-and-social-necessity/) - WHEN LAW TRANSCENDS ETHICS: THE SHIFTING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEGAL NORMS, MORAL REASONING, AND SOCIAL NECESSITY Drishya Srivastava, LL. B (H), 6th Semester, Student at C.M.P. Degree College Affiliated to University of Allahabad (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.218 Throughout recorded history, legal obligation and moral expectation have rarely occupied perfectly coincident territory. Ancient societies tended to ground Throughout recorded history, legal obligation and moral expectation have rarely occupied perfectly coincident territory. Ancient societies tended to ground their regulatory frameworks in religious or philosophical authority, creating the appearance and often the functional reality of unity between the legal and the moral. That picture has since undergone a decisive transformation. - [INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN THE ERA OF GENERATIVE AI AND DEEP LEARNING](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/19/intellectual-property-rights-in-the-era-of-generative-ai-and-deep-learning/) - INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN THE ERA OF GENERATIVE AI AND DEEP LEARNING Aditi Gupta, B.A. LLB. (H), 10th Semester, Student at S.S. Khanna Girls Degree College (India) Kumar Prabhakar, B.A. LLB. (H), 10th Semester, Student at Presidency University, Bangalore (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.217 In the era of technological advancement and generative AI and deep learning, In the era of technological advancement and generative AI and deep learning, the authors of the paper focused on the research study that addresses the research problems including lawful unreliability encircling authorship, possession, potential for exclusive rights, and violation driven by contents and inventions generated by AI. The authors’ research objective aims to assess the legal frameworks for intellectual property specifically in relation with patent law and Indian copyright frameworks. - [IMPACT OF IMMIGRATION POLICIES ON HUMAN RIGHTS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS WITH FOCUS ON INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/19/impact-of-immigration-policies-on-human-rights-a-comparative-analysis-with-focus-on-india/) - IMPACT OF IMMIGRATION POLICIES ON HUMAN RIGHTS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS WITH FOCUS ON INDIA Pratibha Tewatia, B.A. LLB. (H), 7th Semester, Student at Amity University, Gurugram, Haryana (India) Sanya Singh, B.A. LLB. (H), 7th Semester, Student at Amity University, Gurugram, Haryana (India) Tanvi Jain, B.A. LLB. (H), 7th Semester, Student at Amity University, Gurugram, Haryana Growing movement across borders increasingly tests national laws aiming to uphold government authority while meeting global duties to protect people. India, notable for sending many abroad yet also receiving large numbers, faces challenges as its outdated rules fail to match modern patterns of forced or voluntary relocation. Whether present policies secure basic freedoms for those crossing into the nation - be they asylum seekers, displaced individuals without citizenship, or laborers - is explored here through local judicial principles alongside worldwide standards. - [LEGAL CHALLENGES OF AI-GENERATED CONTENT UNDER COPYRIGHT LAW: AN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/19/legal-challenges-of-ai-generated-content-under-copyright-law-an-indian-perspective/) - LEGAL CHALLENGES OF AI-GENERATED CONTENT UNDER COPYRIGHT LAW: AN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE Sanya Singh, B.A. LLB. (H), 7th Semester, Student at Amity University Gurugram (India) Prerna Sihag, B.A. LLB. (H), 7th Semester, Student at Amity University Gurugram (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.215 Artificial intelligence has changed how creative content is made — and Indian copyright law simply Artificial intelligence has changed how creative content is made — and Indian copyright law simply hasn’t caught up. The Copyright Act of 1957 was written with human creators in mind and is relatively silent when systems like GPT-4, Stable Diffusion, or Mid journey produce entire works independently. Who owns the output? Was training on copyrighted data even legal? - [ETHICAL BUSINESS PRACTICES: THE UNBREAKABLE TRINITY OF CORPORATE CULTURE, INTEGRITY AND SUSTAINABILITY](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/18/ethical-business-practices-the-unbreakable-trinity-of-corporate-culture-integrity-and-sustainability/) - ETHICAL BUSINESS PRACTICES: THE UNBREAKABLE TRINITY OF CORPORATE CULTURE, INTEGRITY AND SUSTAINABILITY Komal Muskan Pandita, LL.M (Corporate Law), Student at Amity University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.214 Ethical business practices have moved from the periphery of corporate governance to its normative and strategic centre. This paper examines how corporate culture, integrity, and sustainability operate together as Ethical business practices have moved from the periphery of corporate governance to its normative and strategic centre. This paper examines how corporate culture, integrity, and sustainability operate together as the “Unbreakable Trinity” of responsible business conduct and argues that long-term profitability cannot be separated from legality, accountability, stakeholder trust, and social legitimacy. - [A DECADE OF THE BENAMI TRANSACTIONS (PROHIBITION) AMENDMENT ACT, 2016 CRITICAL EVALUATION OF ITS EFFECTIVENESS IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/18/a-decade-of-the-benami-transactions-prohibition-amendment-act-2016-critical-evaluation-of-its-effectiveness-in-india/) - A DECADE OF THE BENAMI TRANSACTIONS (PROHIBITION) AMENDMENT ACT, 2016 CRITICAL EVALUATION OF ITS EFFECTIVENESS IN INDIA Mr. Sushrut Khadse, BBA LLB, 7th Semester, Student at Symbiosis Law School, Nagpur (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.213 The Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Amendment Act, 2016 was enacted for strengthening Indian legal framework against Benami transactions which have been linked The Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Amendment Act, 2016 was enacted for strengthening Indian legal framework against Benami transactions which have been linked with black money, tax evasion, corruption. While the original Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act,1988 prohibited such transactions but it lacked effective enforcement mechanisms and remained largely ineffective for 3 decades. - [M&A AS A GROWTH STRATEGY IN EMERGING MARKETS: INDIA, CHINA, BRAZIL CASE STUDIES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/17/ma-as-a-growth-strategy-in-emerging-markets-india-china-brazil-case-studies/) - M&A AS A GROWTH STRATEGY IN EMERGING MARKETS: INDIA, CHINA, BRAZIL CASE STUDIES Arshpreet Kour, LL.M (Corporate Laws), 2nd Semester, Student at Amity University, Punjab (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.211 Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) have emerged as an important strategy for corporate growth in an increasingly competitive and globally integrated business environment. By enabling firms to Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) have emerged as an important strategy for corporate growth in an increasingly competitive and globally integrated business environment. By enabling firms to acquire existing assets, technology, managerial capabilities, market access and established customer bases, M&A offers a faster route to expansion than organic growth. - [INCORPORATION OF INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS TREATIES INTO DOMESTIC LEGAL SYSTEMS: INDIA AND BEYOND](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/17/incorporation-of-international-human-rights-treaties-into-domestic-legal-systems-india-and-beyond/) - INCORPORATION OF INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS TREATIES INTO DOMESTIC LEGAL SYSTEMS: INDIA AND BEYOND Dr. Rajeev Singh, Assistant Professor (Grade – III) at Amity Law School (India). Sakshi Singh, LLB, 6th Semester, Student at Amity Law School (India). Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.210 Because of the spread of the international human rights law, scholars and courts have puzzled Because of the spread of the international human rights law, scholars and courts have puzzled about whether, and how, a treaty obligation is incorporated into the domestic law. The classic debates between monist and dualist theories argue that either the treaty norms become part of the state's legal order automatically or they need to be translated to be incorporated into the legal order. - [PURPOSE, PRACTICE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE COMMISSION OF INQUIRY ACT, 1952- A CRITICAL ANALYSIS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/17/purpose-practice-and-limitations-of-the-commission-of-inquiry-act-1952-a-critical-analysis/) - PURPOSE, PRACTICE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE COMMISSION OF INQUIRY ACT, 1952- A CRITICAL ANALYSIS Madhukrishna N, LL.M, 2nd year, Student at The Tamil Nadu Dr Ambedkar Law University-School of Excellence in Law (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.209 The Commission of Inquiry Act, 1952 constitutes the principal statutory framework through which the Central and State Governments in The Commission of Inquiry Act, 1952 constitutes the principal statutory framework through which the Central and State Governments in India establish Commissions of Inquiry to investigate matters of public importance. Conceived as independent fact-finding bodies, these commissions are expected to examine controversial incidents, ascertain facts, identify administrative or political failures, and recommend corrective measures. - [RECALIBRATING GLOBAL MONETARY POWER: CBDC AS A STRATEGIC RESPONSE TO FINANCIAL WEAPONISATION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/17/recalibrating-global-monetary-power-cbdc-as-a-strategic-response-to-financial-weaponisation/) - RECALIBRATING GLOBAL MONETARY POWER: CBDC AS A STRATEGIC RESPONSE TO FINANCIAL WEAPONISATION Kavya S S, LL.M (Business Law), 2nd Year, Student at The Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.212 This paper undertakes a doctrinal legal analysis of the weaponisation of finance and explores the potential of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) This paper undertakes a doctrinal legal analysis of the weaponisation of finance and explores the potential of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) and other digital monies as tools to mitigate such financial coercion. The weaponisation of finance refers to the strategic use of financial sanctions, currency restrictions, and control over international payment systems by states to achieve geopolitical aims. - [A THEMATIC STUDY ON ELECTRONIC CONTRACTS IN THE DIGITAL AGE: VALIDITY, AUTHENTICATION, AND ENFORCEMENT IN THE INDIAN CONTEXT](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/17/a-thematic-study-on-electronic-contracts-in-the-digital-age-validity-authentication-and-enforcement-in-the-indian-context/) - A THEMATIC STUDY ON ELECTRONIC CONTRACTS IN THE DIGITAL AGE: VALIDITY, AUTHENTICATION, AND ENFORCEMENT IN THE INDIAN CONTEXT M Prakash George, Assistant Professor at R N Patel Ipcowala School of Law and Justice, The Charutar Vidya Mandal (CVM) University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.208 The rise of digital technology and internet-based commerce has profoundly changed the The rise of digital technology and internet-based commerce has profoundly changed the conventional understanding of contractual relationships in India. E-contracts, or electronic contracts, have emerged as an essential aspect of contemporary business operations, allowing individuals and companies to form agreements via websites, mobile apps, electronic banking services, and online marketplaces. - [ARTICLE: PROSPECTS AND OPPORTUNITIES OF E-BANKING IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/17/article-prospects-and-opportunities-of-e-banking-in-india/) - ARTICLE: PROSPECTS AND OPPORTUNITIES OF E-BANKING IN INDIA Prof. (Dr)Atal Kumar, Principal at Mewar Law Institute, Vasundhara, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.207 Electronic banking (E-banking) has emerged as a significant component of India’s digital economy, transforming the delivery and accessibility of financial services through internet banking, mobile banking applications, automated teller machines (ATMs), Electronic banking (E-banking) has emerged as a significant component of India’s digital economy, transforming the delivery and accessibility of financial services through internet banking, mobile banking applications, automated teller machines (ATMs), and digital payment platforms. The rapid growth of internet connectivity, smartphone usage, and government initiatives such as Digital India has accelerated the adoption of E-banking across the country. - [SPACE TOURISM AND THE EMERGING LEGAL ORDER: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY ANALYSIS OF TECHNOLOGY, ECONOMICS, ETHICS, AND GOVERNANCE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/11/space-tourism-and-the-emerging-legal-order-a-multidisciplinary-analysis-of-technology-economics-ethics-and-governance/) - SPACE TOURISM AND THE EMERGING LEGAL ORDER: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY ANALYSIS OF TECHNOLOGY, ECONOMICS, ETHICS, AND GOVERNANCE Mallika Matin, BBA LLB, 8th Semester, Student at Bennett University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.206 Space tourism has emerged as one of the most significant developments of the twenty-first century, driven by rapid technological innovation, growing private-sector participation, and humanity’s Space tourism has emerged as one of the most significant developments of the twenty-first century, driven by rapid technological innovation, growing private-sector participation, and humanity’s enduring interest in outer space. The transition from state-sponsored space missions to commercially operated human spaceflight has enabled private individuals to participate in suborbital and orbital journeys, transforming space travel into an emerging commercial industry. - [BALANCING DATA PRIVACY AND DIGITAL FORENSIC INVESTIGATION IN INDIA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS UNDER THE DIGITAL PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION ACT, 2023 AND BHARATIYA SAKSHYA ADHINIYAM, 2023](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/11/balancing-data-privacy-and-digital-forensic-investigation-in-india-a-critical-analysis-under-the-digital-personal-data-protection-act-2023-and-bharatiya-sakshya-adhiniyam-2023/) - BALANCING DATA PRIVACY AND DIGITAL FORENSIC INVESTIGATION IN INDIA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS UNDER THE DIGITAL PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION ACT, 2023 AND BHARATIYA SAKSHYA ADHINIYAM, 2023 Mayur Mahajan, BBA LLB(H), 5th Semester, Student at Jaipur National University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.205 Today’s digital landscape involves constant gathering, retention, and exchange of personal data via websites, apps, Today's digital landscape involves constant gathering, retention, and exchange of personal data via websites, apps, and online networks. The rapid rise in cybercrimes like hacking, online fraud, identity theft, and data breaches, driven by technological progress, has made digital forensic investigation a crucial component of the criminal justice system. - [THE INTERSECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND DISPUTE RESOLUTION: MECHANISMS, CHALLENGES, AND EMERGING FRONTIERS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/05/the-intersection-of-intellectual-property-rights-and-dispute-resolution-mechanisms-challenges-and-emerging-frontiers/) - THE INTERSECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND DISPUTE RESOLUTION: MECHANISMS, CHALLENGES, AND EMERGING FRONTIERS Diptajit Dasgupta, BBA LLB, 5th Semester, Student at KIIT School of Law (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.204 Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) have become central to the modern knowledge-based economy, making the effective resolution of intellectual property disputes an increasingly significant legal and Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) have become central to the modern knowledge-based economy, making the effective resolution of intellectual property disputes an increasingly significant legal and commercial concern. The growing internationalization of trade, digital commerce, technological innovation, and cross-border exploitation of intellectual assets has led to a corresponding rise in the volume, complexity, and transnational character of IPR disputes. - [CRIMINALISATION OF ONLINE BEHAVIOUR: MEME CULTURE, DARK HUMOUR & FREE SPEECH UNDER INDIAN LAW A LEGAL ANALYSIS & PROPOSAL OF THE CONTEXTUAL HARM TEST](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/05/criminalisation-of-online-behaviour-meme-culture-dark-humour-free-speech-under-indian-law-a-legal-analysis-proposal-of-the-contextual-harm-test/) - CRIMINALISATION OF ONLINE BEHAVIOUR: MEME CULTURE, DARK HUMOUR & FREE SPEECH UNDER INDIAN LAW A LEGAL ANALYSIS & PROPOSAL OF THE CONTEXTUAL HARM TEST Rohit Prasad Pal, Lawyer at District and Session court (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.203 The rapid evolution of internet culture, particularly meme culture and dark humour, has significantly outpaced the legal and The rapid evolution of internet culture, particularly meme culture and dark humour, has significantly outpaced the legal and judicial frameworks governing online expression in India. Digital satire, parody, and humorous content have emerged as important forms of public discourse; however, creators frequently face criminal proceedings under laws that were not designed to address the unique characteristics of online communication. - [THE FRICTION OF FINANCIAL ERASURE: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY ON THE LEGAL CONFLICT](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/05/the-friction-of-financial-erasure-an-analytical-study-on-the-legal-conflict/) - THE FRICTION OF FINANCIAL ERASURE: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY ON THE LEGAL CONFLICT Chetanosho Shrikant Chilwant, Ph.D. Research Scholar at Yashwantrao Chavan Law College & Ph.D. Research Centre, Pune (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.202 The enactment of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPDP Act) marks a significant development in India’s evolving data governance framework by The enactment of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPDP Act) marks a significant development in India’s evolving data governance framework by recognizing the right to erasure as an extension of the constitutional right to privacy affirmed in Justice K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India. - [FORENSIC FINGERPRINTING: SCIENTIFIC ACCURACY AND LEGAL ADMISSIBILITY IN CRIMINAL TRIALS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/28/forensic-fingerprinting-scientific-accuracy-and-legal-admissibility-in-criminal-trials/) - FORENSIC FINGERPRINTING: SCIENTIFIC ACCURACY AND LEGAL ADMISSIBILITY IN CRIMINAL TRIALS Sornalakshmi V S, 4th Semester, Student at the Tamil Nadu Dr Ambedkar Law University, Chennai (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.201 Fingerprint evidence has developed as one of the most important forms of scientific evidence used in criminal investigations and court processes. Fingerprint identification’s reliability is mainly Fingerprint evidence has developed as one of the most important forms of scientific evidence used in criminal investigations and court processes. Fingerprint identification’s reliability is mainly based on the principles of individuality and permanence. These principles have helped courts and investigating agencies to use fingerprint analysis as an effective mechanism for establishing identity and connecting accused people to crime scenes. - [CYBER CRIME AND CHANGING CONTOURS OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY IN CYBERSPACE: A LEGAL AND POLICY PERSPECTIVE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/28/cyber-crime-and-changing-contours-of-criminal-liability-in-cyberspace-a-legal-and-policy-perspective/) - CYBER CRIME AND CHANGING CONTOURS OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY IN CYBERSPACE: A LEGAL AND POLICY PERSPECTIVE Manasa Ranjan Mishra, Assistant Professor at ICSS Law College, Bhadrak, Odisha (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.200 The rampant proliferation and exponential surge of digital technologies have brought about drastic transformation in the genre, and modus operandi of criminal activities in cyberspace. The rampant proliferation and exponential surge of digital technologies have brought about drastic transformation in the genre, and modus operandi of criminal activities in cyberspace. Cyber-crime, being heterogenous unlike conventional crimes, is distinguished by the trait of its obscurity, cosmopolitan presence and technological intricacy that purporting to pose potential threat to traditional nuances of criminal liability embedded in territorial jurisdiction and physical presence. - [ROLE OF DNA PROFILING IN FORENSIC SCIENCE UNDER THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/26/role-of-dna-profiling-in-forensic-science-under-the-criminal-justice-system/) - ROLE OF DNA PROFILING IN FORENSIC SCIENCE UNDER THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM Appoorvaa S, LL.M (Criminal Law and Criminal Justice Administration), 4th Semester, Student at School of Excellence in Law, The Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University, Chennai (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.199 DNA profiling is one of the most significant developments that have transformed the DNA profiling is one of the most significant developments that have transformed the area of forensic science, providing a highly reliable method of identification of humans. DNA profiling in criminal investigation is greatly helping various law enforcement agencies to identify criminals, whether guilty or innocent. - [ELITE CLASS DEVIANCE AND CRIME ACCOUNTABILITY: A STUDY OF THE WANCHOO COMMITTEE REPORT (1971)](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/26/elite-class-deviance-and-crime-accountability-a-study-of-the-wanchoo-committee-report-1971/) - ELITE CLASS DEVIANCE AND CRIME ACCOUNTABILITY: A STUDY OF THE WANCHOO COMMITTEE REPORT (1971) Appoorvaa S, LL.M (Criminal Law and Criminal Justice Administration), 4th Semester, Student at School of Excellence in Law, The Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University, Chennai (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.198 The Wanchoo Committee Report (1971), also known as the Report of The Wanchoo Committee Report (1971), also known as the Report of the Direct Taxes Enquiry Committee constituted under the chairmanship of Justice K.N Wanchoo, was a major turning point in the Indian government’s attitude towards black money and tax compliance. Formed into a scenario where high taxation rates, tax evasion, and unaccounted wealth were pressing issues, the Committee made a thorough review of the direct tax system. - [TOWARDS A CIRCULAR ECONOMY: LEGAL GOVERNANCE OF END-OF-LIFE VEHICLES IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/25/towards-a-circular-economy-legal-governance-of-end-of-life-vehicles-in-india/) - TOWARDS A CIRCULAR ECONOMY: LEGAL GOVERNANCE OF END-OF-LIFE VEHICLES IN INDIA K.M.Nanditha, Assistant Professor at ISBR Law College, Bengaluru, Karnataka (India) Aswath Reddy M, Assistant Professor at Patel Law College, Bengaluru, Karnataka (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.197 The growth of urban areas in India and the increased ownership of motor vehicles, has led to a large The growth of urban areas in India and the increased ownership of motor vehicles, has led to a large number of end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) being produced, creating a serious issue for urban waste management and environmental governance, if these ELVs are not effectively regulated, they can cause serious environmental damage, risk to public health and wastage of resources when disposed of, particularly within densely populated urban centres where most ELVs are dismantled by informal operators. - [HUMAN RIGHTS OF PRISONERS IN INDIA: A CRIMINOLOGICAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL STUDY](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/23/human-rights-of-prisoners-in-india-a-criminological-and-constitutional-study/) - HUMAN RIGHTS OF PRISONERS IN INDIA: A CRIMINOLOGICAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL STUDY Geetanjali Sharma, LLM, 2nd Semester, Student at Jagannath University (India) Dr. Alaknanda Rajawat, Jagannath University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.196 The issue of prisoners’ human rights in India lies at the intersection of constitutional law and criminological thought. This study examines how far the Indian The issue of prisoners’ human rights in India lies at the intersection of constitutional law and criminological thought. This study examines how far the Indian legal system ensures the protection of these rights by analyzing constitutional provisions, judicial developments, and the actual conditions within prisons. - [WHY INDIA HAS NOT CRIMINALIZED MARITAL RAPE: LEGISLATIVE HISTORY, JUDICIAL STANCE, AND SOCIETAL RESISTANCE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/23/why-india-has-not-criminalized-marital-rape-legislative-history-judicial-stance-and-societal-resistance/) - WHY INDIA HAS NOT CRIMINALIZED MARITAL RAPE: LEGISLATIVE HISTORY, JUDICIAL STANCE, AND SOCIETAL RESISTANCE Divya Soni, BBA LLB (H), 2nd Semester, Student at Jaipur National University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.195 India is among the decreasing numbers of countries where there exists an exemption to husbands from criminal liability for committing sexual assault against their spouses. India is among the decreasing numbers of countries where there exists an exemption to husbands from criminal liability for committing sexual assault against their spouses. Section 375 of the IPC, which is currently reiterated without any changes in BNS, 2023 through Exception 2, makes it clear that sexual intercourse or sexual acts by a man with his own wife, provided that the wife does not constitute a minor under the age of eighteen years, is not rape. - [ANALYZING THE LINK BETWEEN DIGITAL PROFILE AND REAL-WORLD OFFENCES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/23/analyzing-the-link-between-digital-profile-and-real-world-offences/) - ANALYZING THE LINK BETWEEN DIGITAL PROFILE AND REAL-WORLD OFFENCES Harsh Khatri, B.A.LL.B. (H), 10th Semester, Student at Atal Bihari Vajpayee School of Legal Studies, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.194 The proliferation of digital technologies has sparked a sociotechnical revolution that has fundamentally reorganized the structures of human identity and interpersonal The proliferation of digital technologies has sparked a sociotechnical revolution that has fundamentally reorganized the structures of human identity and interpersonal relationships. While digital profiles were first introduced as safe havens of social networking information, their use has been extended to become highly detailed "datafied identities," including personal details such as biometric characteristics, geo-location information, profession, and behavior. - [THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONUNDRUM OF CURATIVE JURISDICTION IN ARBITRATION: RECONCILING ARTICLE 142, FINALITY, AND THE PRO-ARBITRATION MANDATE OF SECTION 5 IN THE LIGHT OF DMRC V. DAMEPL](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/23/the-constitutional-conundrum-of-curative-jurisdiction-in-arbitration-reconciling-article-142-finality-and-the-pro-arbitration-mandate-of-section-5-in-the-light-of-dmrc-v-damepl/) - THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONUNDRUM OF CURATIVE JURISDICTION IN ARBITRATION: RECONCILING ARTICLE 142, FINALITY, AND THE PRO-ARBITRATION MANDATE OF SECTION 5 IN THE LIGHT OF DMRC V. DAMEPL Ananya Rai, B.A. LL.B. (H), 6th Semester, Student at Institute of Law, Nirma University, Ahmedabad (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.193 The Supreme Court of India’s curative ruling in Delhi Metro The Supreme Court of India’s curative ruling in Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. v. Delhi Airport Metro Express Pvt. Ltd. (2024) has reopened a foundational question that lies at the seam between constitutional jurisdiction and arbitral autonomy: when, if ever, may the Court invoke its inherent powers under Article 142 of the Constitution to undo an arbitral award that has already withstood challenge under Sections 34 and 37 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, an appeal under Article 136, and a subsequent review? - [FROM VICTIM TO VILLAIN: A FORENSIC AND LINGUISTIC INQUIRY INTO THE CONSTRUCTION OF CRIMINAL IDENTITY IN THE AGE OF DEEPFAKES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/23/from-victim-to-villain-a-forensic-and-linguistic-inquiry-into-the-construction-of-criminal-identity-in-the-age-of-deepfakes/) - FROM VICTIM TO VILLAIN: A FORENSIC AND LINGUISTIC INQUIRY INTO THE CONSTRUCTION OF CRIMINAL IDENTITY IN THE AGE OF DEEPFAKES Neha Goyal, Assistant Prof. at Indore Institute of Law (India) Siddharth Sinha, Assistant Prof. at Indore Institute of Law (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.192 Deepfake technology has transformed the creation and dissemination of digital content by Deepfake technology has transformed the creation and dissemination of digital content by enabling the generation of highly realistic synthetic audio, video, and images. While these tools have legitimate applications in entertainment, education, and accessibility, their misuse has created significant challenges for criminal law, evidentiary standards, and the protection of personal identity. - [RIGHT TO SAFE TRAVEL ON HIGHWAYS AS AN INTEGRAL FACET OF ARTICLE 21: CONSTITUTIONALIZING ROAD SAFETY IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/21/right-to-safe-travel-on-highways-as-an-integral-facet-of-article-21-constitutionalizing-road-safety-in-india/) - RIGHT TO SAFE TRAVEL ON HIGHWAYS AS AN INTEGRAL FACET OF ARTICLE 21: CONSTITUTIONALIZING ROAD SAFETY IN INDIA Anushri Joshi, LL.M., 2nd year, Student at BSM Law College, Roorkee, Uttarakhand (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.191 “A road, particularly a high-speed Expressway, must not become a corridor of peril due to administrative lethargy or infrastructural gaps.” – “A road, particularly a high-speed Expressway, must not become a corridor of peril due to administrative lethargy or infrastructural gaps.” – Supreme Court of India. The expansion of highways and expressways has transformed India’s transportation network, facilitating trade, connectivity, and economic growth. This infrastructural advancement has simultaneously intensified concerns relating to road accidents, unsafe highway conditions, and preventable fatalities. India records one of the highest numbers of road accident deaths globally, with National Highways accounting for a disproportionately high percentage of fatalities despite constituting only a small portion of the total road network. - [INTEGRATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN CORPORATE MANAGEMENT: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/21/integration-of-artificial-intelligence-in-corporate-management-opportunities-challenges-and-ethical-implications-in-india/) - INTEGRATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN CORPORATE MANAGEMENT: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS IN INDIA Adv. Akshat Chauhan, LLM (Corporate Law), Scholar at IILM University, Greater Noida (India) Ms. Garima Mohan Prasad, Assistant Professor at IILM University, Greater Noida (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.190 Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly transforming corporate management in India by influencing managerial Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly transforming corporate management in India by influencing managerial decision-making, workflow automation, compliance monitoring, customer engagement, financial analysis, risk assessment, and strategic planning across diverse business sectors. In the Indian regulatory landscape, AI adoption is developing within a governance framework shaped by policy initiatives and soft-law guidance issued by NITI Aayog and the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), alongside sector-specific oversight by regulatory authorities such as the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). - [ALGORITHMIC CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN INDIA: BOARD ACCOUNTABILITY FOR AI-DRIVEN BUSINESS DECISIONS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/21/algorithmic-corporate-governance-in-india-board-accountability-for-ai-driven-business-decisions/) - ALGORITHMIC CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN INDIA: BOARD ACCOUNTABILITY FOR AI-DRIVEN BUSINESS DECISIONS Nayana M. S, LL.M, 4th Semester, Student at J.S.S Law College (India) Usharani M.C, Professor at J.S.S Law College (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.189 The increasing integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into corporate governance structures has transformed the manner in which companies undertake decision-making, risk The increasing integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into corporate governance structures has transformed the manner in which companies undertake decision-making, risk assessment, compliance management, and strategic planning. While algorithmic systems enhance efficiency and predictive capabilities, they simultaneously create complex legal and governance concerns relating to transparency, accountability, fiduciary obligations, and regulatory oversight. - [A CONSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE RIGHT TO DECENT WORK: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INDIA, SOUTH AFRICA, BRAZIL](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/21/a-constitutional-perspective-on-the-right-to-decent-work-a-comparative-study-of-india-south-africa-brazil/) - A CONSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE RIGHT TO DECENT WORK: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INDIA, SOUTH AFRICA, BRAZIL Adv. Charu Sharma, Practicing Advocate at Jawali, Himachal Pradesh (India) Shubham Upadhaya, LL.M. Scholar at Faculty of Legal Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.188 This study examines the constitutional status of the right to This study examines the constitutional status of the right to decent work in India, South Africa, and Brazil, three major democracies of the Global South that confront persistent labour-market inequalities and significant informal employment. The concept of decent work derives from international legal and policy frameworks, particularly the International Labour Organization's Decent Work Agenda and Articles 6 to 8 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. - [THE DOCTRINE OF FORCE MAJEURE IN THE AGE OF SMART CONTRACTS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF JUDICIAL INTERPRETATION AND ALGORITHMIC EXECUTION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/21/the-doctrine-of-force-majeure-in-the-age-of-smart-contracts-a-comparative-analysis-of-judicial-interpretation-and-algorithmic-execution/) - THE DOCTRINE OF FORCE MAJEURE IN THE AGE OF SMART CONTRACTS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF JUDICIAL INTERPRETATION AND ALGORITHMIC EXECUTION Abhishek Kumar, LL.M, Gujarat National Law University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.187 The rise of blockchain technology and smart contracts has created a structural dissonance at the heart of commercial law, as the deterministic inflexibility of The rise of blockchain technology and smart contracts has created a structural dissonance at the heart of commercial law, as the deterministic inflexibility of code meets the flexible equity of centuries of contract law. Perhaps nowhere is this dissonance more pronounced than in the application of force majeure, a concept whose very definition relies on human interpretation, foreseeability, and judicial intervention. - [ALGORITHMIC MANAGEMENT IN THE GIG ECONOMY: CHALLENGES TO LABOUR RIGHTS IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/21/algorithmic-management-in-the-gig-economy-challenges-to-labour-rights-in-india/) - ALGORITHMIC MANAGEMENT IN THE GIG ECONOMY: CHALLENGES TO LABOUR RIGHTS IN INDIA Souvik Ghosh, LL.M. (Business law), Student at Amity University, Kolkata (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.186 The gig economy has rapidly expanded in India due to the growth of digital platforms such as Uber, Ola, Swiggy, and Zomato. These platforms have created new earning opportunities The gig economy has rapidly expanded in India due to the growth of digital platforms such as Uber, Ola, Swiggy, and Zomato. These platforms have created new earning opportunities by connecting workers and customers through mobile applications and digital technologies. Although gig work is often presented as flexible and independent, it has also created serious concerns regarding labour rights and worker protection. - [THE CONSTITUTIONAL TRILEMMA: EXECUTIVE OVERREACH, POLITICAL MISTRUST, AND THE SUPREMACY OF INFORMAL POWER-SHARING IN SOMALIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/21/the-constitutional-trilemma-executive-overreach-political-mistrust-and-the-supremacy-of-informal-power-sharing-in-somalia/) - THE CONSTITUTIONAL TRILEMMA: EXECUTIVE OVERREACH, POLITICAL MISTRUST, AND THE SUPREMACY OF INFORMAL POWER-SHARING IN SOMALIA Mohamed Abdullahi Ismail, Faculty of Law, Mogadishu University Mogadishu, Somalia Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.185 This research article provides a critical legal analysis of the protracted constitutional crisis in the Federal Republic of Somalia, currently exacerbated by the unilateral transition from the This research article provides a critical legal analysis of the protracted constitutional crisis in the Federal Republic of Somalia, currently exacerbated by the unilateral transition from the 2012 Provisional Constitution to a newly amended framework. While the 2012 document enjoyed a degree of broad-based political consensus, the study posits that the current review process is trapped in a "Trilemma" involving Executive Overreach, systemic Political Mistrust, and a profound Crisis of Federal Consensus. - [THE PROLIFERATION OF HATE SPEECH IN THE AGE OF RIGHT TO FREE SPEECH](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/20/the-proliferation-of-hate-speech-in-the-age-of-right-to-free-speech/) - THE PROLIFERATION OF HATE SPEECH IN THE AGE OF RIGHT TO FREE SPEECH Ms. Ankita Agarwal, Assistant Professor at School of Law, IFTM University (India) Dr Manisha Matolia, Associate Professor at School of Law, IFTM University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.184 It is difficult to determine when and where to draw the boundary between “hateful speech” It is difficult to determine when and where to draw the boundary between "hateful speech" and "freedom of expression." For a true democracy, the former is absolutely necessary, whereas the latter is the exact opposite barrier. In this work, the author examines this deference using pertinent case law and customs. Limitations on "freedom of speech," which is fundamental to a democratic society, are scrutinized. - [RETHINKING INDONESIA’S DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM: WHY IS A CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY WORTH CONSIDERING?](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/20/rethinking-indonesias-democratic-system-why-is-a-constitutional-monarchy-worth-considering/) - RETHINKING INDONESIA’S DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM: WHY IS A CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY WORTH CONSIDERING? Ardhes Blandhivay Leuanan, Master of Laws, Student at Padjadjaran University, (Indonesia) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.183 This article critically analyses Tom Ginsburg’s thesis on constitutional monarchy as a counter-majoritarian institution and tests its relevance to the diagnosis of Indonesia’s democratic crisis during the period 2014-2026. The This article critically analyses Tom Ginsburg’s thesis on constitutional monarchy as a counter-majoritarian institution and tests its relevance to the diagnosis of Indonesia’s democratic crisis during the period 2014-2026. The study employs a normative comparative legal method with a comparative constitutional analysis approach to key 2018-2026 literature and to empirical data from V-Dem, Freedom House, and the Economist Intelligence Unit; the conceptual approach is emphasised because the discussion engages doctrinal categories rather than primary empirical fieldwork. - [PREDATORS ON THE MOVE: ZERO FIR AS A REMISSION IN PERSPECTIVE OF BANGLADESH](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/20/predators-on-the-move-zero-fir-as-a-remission-in-perspective-of-bangladesh/) - PREDATORS ON THE MOVE: ZERO FIR AS A REMISSION IN PERSPECTIVE OF BANGLADESH Mafruza Sultana, Assistant Professor & Chairperson at Department of Law, Uttara University, Bangladesh Syeda Afroza Zerin, Professor & Dean at School of Arts and Social Sciences, Uttara University, Bangladesh Niamur Raquib, Lecturer at Department of Law, Uttara University, Bangladesh Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.182 Rising incidents of robbery, sexual harassment, trafficking, and other offences committed in public transport and during travel in Bangladesh expose persistent procedural barriers that obstruct victims' prompt access to justice. The registration of a First Information Report (FIR) is the foundational step in the criminal process; however, police stations frequently refuse to receive complaints on the ground of territorial jurisdiction, causing delay and increasing the risk of evidence loss and further victimization. - [AI, FAIRNESS AND FINANCIAL DATA: A LEGAL STUDY OF INDIA’S UPDATED DATA PROTECTION RULES FOR BANKS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/20/ai-fairness-and-financial-data-a-legal-study-of-indias-updated-data-protection-rules-for-banks/) - AI, FAIRNESS AND FINANCIAL DATA: A LEGAL STUDY OF INDIA’S UPDATED DATA PROTECTION RULES FOR BANKS Pranav Kumar Saxena, B.A. LL.B. (H), LL.M., Associate Vice President (Legal), Kotak Mahindra Bank Ltd. (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.181 Artificial Intelligence (AI) now plays a central role in India’s banking sector. Banks depend on AI systems for scoring credit Artificial Intelligence (AI) now plays a central role in India’s banking sector. Banks depend on AI systems for scoring credit risk, detecting fraud, monitoring transactions, automating customer interactions and supporting compliance processes. These systems promise efficiency and scale, but they also rely on continuous processing of personal and financial data. - [FROM GLOBAL CLIMATE AGREEMENTS TO LOCAL RESILIENCE: LEGAL INNOVATIONS, LOCAL CAPACITY AND GOVERNANCE PATHWAYS FOR CLIMATE JUSTICE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/20/from-global-climate-agreements-to-local-resilience-legal-innovations-local-capacity-and-governance-pathways-for-climate-justice/) - FROM GLOBAL CLIMATE AGREEMENTS TO LOCAL RESILIENCE: LEGAL INNOVATIONS, LOCAL CAPACITY AND GOVERNANCE PATHWAYS FOR CLIMATE JUSTICE Omoyemen Lucia Odigie-Emmanuel, Nigerian Law School, Centre for Human Rights & Climate Change Research Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.180 Climate change presents one of the most significant governance and legal challenges of the twenty-first century, particularly for vulnerable states whose Climate change presents one of the most significant governance and legal challenges of the twenty-first century, particularly for vulnerable states whose adaptive capacity remains constrained by institutional, financial and regulatory limitations. While international climate agreements have established important frameworks for mitigation and adaptation, the translation of these commitments into effective governance systems remains uneven across jurisdictions. - [LAW’S SILENCE ON BESTIALITY IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/20/laws-silence-on-bestiality-in-india/) - LAW’S SILENCE ON BESTIALITY IN INDIA Ankita Khamari, Research Scholar at PG Department of Law, Sambalpur University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.179 The enactment of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 marks a significant shift in India’s criminal law framework, replacing the colonial Indian Penal Code. However, this transition has resulted in an unintended yet serious legislative The enactment of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 marks a significant shift in India’s criminal law framework, replacing the colonial Indian Penal Code. However, this transition has resulted in an unintended yet serious legislative gap, the omission of provisions addressing bestiality. Historically, Section 377 of the IPC criminalised “carnal intercourse against the order of nature,” encompassing sexual acts with animals. - [EVALUATING THE CONSTITUTIONAL INTERSECTION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL PROFILING AND THE EMERGING NEED FOR NEURO-RIGHTS IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/20/evaluating-the-constitutional-intersection-of-psychological-profiling-and-the-emerging-need-for-neuro-rights-in-india/) - EVALUATING THE CONSTITUTIONAL INTERSECTION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL PROFILING AND THE EMERGING NEED FOR NEURO-RIGHTS IN INDIA Palak P Kumar, B.A LL. B (H), 8th Semester, Student at Amity University Haryana (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.178 Cerebral Perceptivity is a crucial asset in the criminal justice system, easing crime prevention, improving investigative processes, guiding informed legal decisions, and Cerebral Perceptivity is a crucial asset in the criminal justice system, easing crime prevention, improving investigative processes, guiding informed legal decisions, and ensuring effective rehabilitation of offenders. These roles are linked to litigation, as psychological assessments and expert opinions stemming from this perceptivity are often presented as evidence in court, affecting both prosecution and defence tactics. - [WOMEN EMPOWERMENT AND INCLUSIVE SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT: A LEGAL PERSPECTIVE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/16/women-empowerment-and-inclusive-social-development-a-legal-perspective/) - WOMEN EMPOWERMENT AND INCLUSIVE SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT: A LEGAL PERSPECTIVE Aarzoo, LL.M., Scholar at Faculty of Legal Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh (India) Shubham Upadhaya, LL.M., Scholar at Faculty of Legal Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.177 Women empowerment entails the provision of social advancement systems, economic growth systems, and the Women empowerment entails the provision of social advancement systems, economic growth systems, and the creation of inclusive gender equality systems. Part of women’s empowerment is providing women with the resources and rights to make decisions and participate in their communities. Education is essential to the process of empowerment, providing women the tools to uplift their status, both economically and socially. - [DISSOLUTION OF MARRIAGE UNDER MUSLIM LAW WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO TRIPLE TALAQ: A FEMINIST CRITIQUE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/16/dissolution-of-marriage-under-muslim-law-with-special-reference-to-triple-talaq-a-feminist-critique/) - DISSOLUTION OF MARRIAGE UNDER MUSLIM LAW WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO TRIPLE TALAQ: A FEMINIST CRITIQUE Dr. D.P. Verma, Professor (Head) at HPU Regional Centre Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh University (India) Kalyani Acharya, Ph.D., Research Scholar at Himachal Pradesh University (Former Research Associate at Himachal Pradesh National Law University) (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.176 This paper advances a This paper advances a feminist critique of legislative interventions across both the colonial and post-colonial eras, examining how such interventions have profoundly shaped the evolution of Muslim personal law, with particular emphasis on the dissolution of marriage and, specifically, the practice of triple talaq. - [CYBER RISK ASSOCIATED WITH QR CODES AND THEIR REGULATION IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/16/cyber-risk-associated-with-qr-codes-and-their-regulation-in-india/) - CYBER RISK ASSOCIATED WITH QR CODES AND THEIR REGULATION IN INDIA Akshaya A, LLM (Cyber Space Law and Justice), 1st Year, Student at School of Excellence in Law, The Tamil Nadu, Dr. Ambedkar Law University, Chennai (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.175 QR code (Quick response codes) are one of the major digital transformations in India. Several QR code (Quick response codes) are one of the major digital transformations in India. Several countries around the world have adopted QR code for availing various digital services, most especially for mobile payments. Every digital development will definitely have risks or complications, threats and vulnerabilities. - [FROM "OBJECTS OF SYMPATHY" TO "SUBJECTS OF RIGHTS": REIMAGINING DISABILITY RIGHTS IN INDIA WITH "DOCTRINE OF SUBSTANTIVE EQUALITY" AND "DOCTRINE OF REASONABLE ACCOMMODATION"](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/16/from-objects-of-sympathy-to-subjects-of-rights-reimagining-disability-rights-in-india-with-doctrine-of-substantive-equality-and-doctrine-of-reasonable-accommodation/) - FROM "OBJECTS OF SYMPATHY" TO "SUBJECTS OF RIGHTS": REIMAGINING DISABILITY RIGHTS IN INDIA WITH "DOCTRINE OF SUBSTANTIVE EQUALITY" AND "DOCTRINE OF REASONABLE ACCOMMODATION" Harshita Tholiya, Research Associate at High Court of Judicature, Allahabad, (India) Manik Tindwani, Advocate at Rajasthan High Court, Jaipur (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.174 Indian disability law has moved far from treating “persons Indian disability law has moved far from treating “persons with disabilities” as “objects of sympathy” to treating them as “especially abled individuals” as “subjects of rights”, but ground reality is still far aloof from this doctrinal vision. This paper challenges charity model and medicalised view that disability lies mainly in defective body or mind. It argues that Indian law now speaks different language. - [RULE OF LAW: UNDERSTANDING ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN UPHOLDING CONSTITUTIONAL ORDER AND INDIVIDUAL LIBERTIES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/16/rule-of-law-understanding-its-significance-in-upholding-constitutional-order-and-individual-liberties/) - RULE OF LAW: UNDERSTANDING ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN UPHOLDING CONSTITUTIONAL ORDER AND INDIVIDUAL LIBERTIES Khushboo Rupani, Ph.D., Research Scholar at School of Legal Studies, Vikrant University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.173 The study investigates how the Rule of Law serves as an essential requirement which enables constitutional governance to function in India while investigating The study investigates how the Rule of Law serves as an essential requirement which enables constitutional governance to function in India while investigating its power to maintain constitutional order and its capacity to safeguard personal rights. The assessment of the Rule of Law begins with the Constitution's essential principles which establish its fundamental elements and operational elements which include constitutional supremacy and restricted government and non-arbitrary decision making and equality and accountability. - [BEYOND PROTECTION: REASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF POCSO IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/13/beyond-protection-reassessing-the-effectiveness-of-pocso-in-india/) - BEYOND PROTECTION: REASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF POCSO IN INDIA Dr. Priyadarshini Samantray, Assistant Professor at Dhenkanal Law College, Dhenkanal, Odisha (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.172 Enacted in 2012, India’s Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act (POCSO) constitutes the country’s principal legislative response to child sexual abuse. This article examines the central research question of whether Enacted in 2012, India’s Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act (POCSO) constitutes the country’s principal legislative response to child sexual abuse. This article examines the central research question of whether POCSO has effectively achieved its protective objectives after more than a decade of implementation, and to what extent its effectiveness should be assessed through broader indicators than conviction rates alone. - [APPOINTMENT AND REMOVAL OF JUDGES IN INDIA: TRANSPARENCY, ACCOUNTABILITY, AND THE COLLEGIUM DEBATE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/12/appointment-and-removal-of-judges-in-india-transparency-accountability-and-the-collegium-debate/) - APPOINTMENT AND REMOVAL OF JUDGES IN INDIA: TRANSPARENCY, ACCOUNTABILITY, AND THE COLLEGIUM DEBATE Aditya Pal, JRF-Ph.D., Scholar at SICMSS, Rashtriya Raksha University, Gandhinagar (India) Dhriti Pragya, BBA LL. B, 2nd year, Student at SCLML, Rashtriya Raksha University, Gandhinagar (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.171 Judicial independence is the cornerstone of any constitutional democracy, be it that of Judicial independence is the cornerstone of any constitutional democracy, be it that of India or anywhere else. Thereby the processes of appointment as well as removal of Judges has been a central topic of debate regarding separation of powers as propound by Montesquieu. This paper critically examines the constitutional framework overseeing judicial appointments under the ambit of Articles 124 and 217 and the removal of these judges through impeachment procedure under clause (4) of Article 124 and the Judges Inquiry Act, 1968. - [CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF FACELESS ASSESSMENT AND ADJUDICATION SYSTEMS UNDER INCOME TAX: NEED TO REIMAGINE THE PRINCIPLES OF NATURAL JUSTICE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/12/critical-analysis-of-faceless-assessment-and-adjudication-systems-under-income-tax-need-to-reimagine-the-principles-of-natural-justice/) - CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF FACELESS ASSESSMENT AND ADJUDICATION SYSTEMS UNDER INCOME TAX: NEED TO REIMAGINE THE PRINCIPLES OF NATURAL JUSTICE Arunkumar A, LL.M., Student at Gujarat National Law University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.170 Digitisation and the use of artificial intelligence in tax administration have brought immense benefits to both the assessees and the government: ease of Digitisation and the use of artificial intelligence in tax administration have brought immense benefits to both the assessees and the government: ease of compliance for the former and reduced collection and enforcement costs for the latter. At the same time, they have raised significant concerns about the changing paradigm in adjudicatory jurisprudence. - [MISLEADING ADVERTISEMENTS IN INDIA: CONTENT-BASED LIABILITY TO PLATFORM GOVERNANCE IN THE DIGITAL AGE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/12/misleading-advertisements-in-india-content-based-liability-to-platform-governance-in-the-digital-age/) - MISLEADING ADVERTISEMENTS IN INDIA: CONTENT-BASED LIABILITY TO PLATFORM GOVERNANCE IN THE DIGITAL AGE Ananya Sharma, BA LLB(H), 10th Semester, Student at Amity Law School, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.169 In 2020 the digital economy has masked distinctions between traditional advertising, influencer marketing and immersive, sensory real time marketing, creating a playful ecosystem In 2020 the digital economy has masked distinctions between traditional advertising, influencer marketing and immersive, sensory real time marketing, creating a playful ecosystem of commercial influence that evades regulation in India. This paper is organized into six parts. Part I introduces the research problem and conceptual framework. - [CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND FRAUD PREVENTION IN INDIAN COMPANIES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/12/corporate-governance-and-fraud-prevention-in-indian-companies/) - CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND FRAUD PREVENTION IN INDIAN COMPANIES Ms. Anchal, LL.M, Student at University School of Law, Rayat Bahra University Sahauran, District Mohali Punjab (India) Ms. Gayatri, Assistant Professor at University School of Law, Rayat Bahra University Sahauran, District Mohali Punjab (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.168 Corporate governance constitutes the foundational framework through which companies are Corporate governance constitutes the foundational framework through which companies are directed, managed, and controlled. It ensures that business operations are conducted in a fair, transparent, accountable, and responsible manner, thereby safeguarding the interests of shareholders, employees, creditors, customers, and the public at large. - [EVOLUTION AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF POCSO AND CONSENT LAW IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/12/evolution-and-legal-framework-of-pocso-and-consent-law-in-india/) - EVOLUTION AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF POCSO AND CONSENT LAW IN INDIA Vaibhavi Pandey, 10th Semester, Student at Amity Law School, Amity University, Noida (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.167 The evolution of child protection laws in India reflects a gradual shift from a fragmented criminal law approach to a specialised statutory framework designed to safeguard children from The evolution of child protection laws in India reflects a gradual shift from a fragmented criminal law approach to a specialised statutory framework designed to safeguard children from sexual offences. The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 (POCSO Act) constitutes a significant legislative development in this regard, as it establishes comprehensive substantive and procedural protections and adopts a strict liability model under which the consent of any person below eighteen years of age is legally irrelevant. - [REGULATING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND DEEPFAKES IN INDIA: A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF PRIVACY, PLATFORM LIABILITY, CYBERCRIME, AND CONSTITUTIONAL FREE SPEECH](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/11/regulating-artificial-intelligence-and-deepfakes-in-india-a-legal-analysis-of-privacy-platform-liability-cybercrime-and-constitutional-free-speech/) - REGULATING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND DEEPFAKES IN INDIA: A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF PRIVACY, PLATFORM LIABILITY, CYBERCRIME, AND CONSTITUTIONAL FREE SPEECH Ishani Chhaudha, Asian Law College, Ccs University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.166 Artificial intelligence has evolved from a computational tool into a powerful medium of expression shaping identity, political communication, advertising, and social interaction. Deepfakes, synthetic audio, Artificial intelligence has evolved from a computational tool into a powerful medium of expression shaping identity, political communication, advertising, and social interaction. Deepfakes, synthetic audio, face swaps, voice cloning, and other forms of generative media create legal harms that intersect with privacy, defamation, fraud, cybercrime, intermediary liability, electoral integrity, and constitutional free speech. - [JUSTICE BEHIND BARS: A STUDY OF SENTENCE REVIEW BOARD OF DELHI](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/11/justice-behind-bars-a-study-of-sentence-review-board-of-delhi/) - JUSTICE BEHIND BARS: A STUDY OF SENTENCE REVIEW BOARD OF DELHI Sriyansh Shrey, BA LLB (H), 10th Semester, Student at Amity Law School, Noida (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.165 This paper critically examines the functioning of the Sentence Review Board (SRB) in Delhi within the framework of the Delhi Prison Rules, 2018, and the constitutional guarantees This paper critically examines the functioning of the Sentence Review Board (SRB) in Delhi within the framework of the Delhi Prison Rules, 2018, and the constitutional guarantees of equality and personal liberty under Articles 14 and 21 of the Constitution of India. The study addresses the central question whether the SRB, which is intended to operationalize the reformative theory of punishment through periodic review of life convicts eligible for premature release, functions in a manner consistent with statutory and constitutional requirements. - [ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS A JURIDICAL PERSON: RETHINKING ACCOUNTABILITY IN THE ERA OF AUTOMATED DECISION MAKING BY AI](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/11/artificial-intelligence-as-a-juridical-person-rethinking-accountability-in-the-era-of-automated-decision-making-by-ai/) - ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS A JURIDICAL PERSON: RETHINKING ACCOUNTABILITY IN THE ERA OF AUTOMATED DECISION MAKING BY AI Aditya Pal, JRF-Ph.D., 2nd Semester, Scholar at SICMSS, Rashtriya Raksha University, Gandhinagar-382305 (India) Honey Shankhwar, LL.M (Business Law), 2nd Semester, Student at Dharmashastra National Law University (DNLU), Jabalpur-482001 (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.164 Artificial Intelligence OR simply AI has Artificial Intelligence OR simply AI has evolved rapidly from its humble beginnings in ‘cybernetics’ and ‘machine learning’ (ML) into a pervasive force which is now shaping governance, commerce and even social interactions. Following the trajectory of its evolution and developments like ‘Large Language Models’(LLMs), generative AI, Internet of Things (IoT), and the race of achieving ‘Artificial General Intelligence’, the time is now ripe to address the issue of accountability with regards to the ‘autonomous’ acts of AI systems. Traditional legal regimes were designed for humans and corporate entities. - [CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION IN THE MODERN ERA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/09/criminal-investigation-in-the-modern-era/) - CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION IN THE MODERN ERA Nivea Robin D Cruz, LL.M (Criminal Law), 3rd Semester, Student at Government Law College, Thiruvananthapuram (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.163 Criminal investigation has undergone a significant transformation in the modern era due to rapid technological advancements, globalization, and evolving patterns of crime. Traditional investigative methods, which relied heavily on eyewitness Criminal investigation has undergone a significant transformation in the modern era due to rapid technological advancements, globalization, and evolving patterns of crime. Traditional investigative methods, which relied heavily on eyewitness testimony and confessions, have gradually been supplemented and in some cases replaced by sophisticated tools such as forensic science, digital surveillance, artificial intelligence, and cyber investigation techniques. - [FISCAL FEDERALISM: THE SCOPE OF UNION INTERVENTION IN STATE “FREEBIE” CULTURES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/09/fiscal-federalism-the-scope-of-union-intervention-in-state-freebie-cultures/) - FISCAL FEDERALISM: THE SCOPE OF UNION INTERVENTION IN STATE “FREEBIE” CULTURES Aakash Jogpal, LL.M, 2nd Semester, Student at Gujarat National Law University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.162 The proliferation of “freebie” culture by state governments is one of the most contested practices within India’s constitutional fiscal architecture. It gives rise to an intense constitutional and economic The proliferation of “freebie” culture by state governments is one of the most contested practices within India’s constitutional fiscal architecture. It gives rise to an intense constitutional and economic debate concerning the proper limits of federal intervention. This paper examines the tension between the fiscal emergency powers of the Union and the constitutional guarantees of fiscal federalism afforded to states in resource allocation. - [THE DATA PROTECTION BOARD OF INDIA: AN ANALYSIS OF ITS INDEPENDENCE, ADJUDICATORY POWERS, AND THE ABSENCE OF JUDICIAL MEMBERS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/08/the-data-protection-board-of-india-an-analysis-of-its-independence-adjudicatory-powers-and-the-absence-of-judicial-members/) - THE DATA PROTECTION BOARD OF INDIA: AN ANALYSIS OF ITS INDEPENDENCE, ADJUDICATORY POWERS, AND THE ABSENCE OF JUDICIAL MEMBERS Aalya Hussain, LL.M, Student at Faculty of Legal Studies, Usha Martin University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.161 The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPDP Act), marks a watershed moment in India’s journey towards establishing a comprehensive The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPDP Act), marks a watershed moment in India's journey towards establishing a comprehensive data protection framework. Central to this legislative architecture is the Data Protection Board of India (DPB), a body vested with significant adjudicatory powers, including the authority to impose penalties up to ₹250 crore. - [A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE ADMISSIBILITY: INDIA'S BHARATIYA SAKSHYA ADHINIYAM, 2023 VIS-A-VIS THE US FEDERAL RULES OF EVIDENCE AND THE EU eIDAS REGULATION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/08/a-comparative-study-of-electronic-evidence-admissibility-indias-bharatiya-sakshya-adhiniyam-2023-vis-a-vis-the-us-federal-rules-of-evidence-and-the-eu-eidas-regulation/) - A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE ADMISSIBILITY: INDIA'S BHARATIYA SAKSHYA ADHINIYAM, 2023 VIS-A-VIS THE US FEDERAL RULES OF EVIDENCE AND THE EU eIDAS REGULATION Mr. Shubh Gupta, B.A. LL.B. (H), 10th Semester, Student at Amity Law School, Amity University Madhya Pradesh (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.160 The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA) represents a landmark legislative The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA) represents a landmark legislative overhaul of India's law of evidence, replacing the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, with a framework ostensibly calibrated for the digital age. This paper undertakes a systematic comparative analysis of the electronic evidence admissibility regime under the BSA vis-a-vis two of the most developed and influential frameworks globally: the United States Federal Rules of Evidence (FRE) and the European Union's Regulation on Electronic Identification and Trust Services (eIDAS Regulation, 910/2014). - [BLACK BOX LENDING: ALGORITHMIC CREDIT SCORING, THE EXPLANATORY DEFICIT, AND THE RIGHT TO FAIR CREDIT UNDER INDIA'S DIGITAL LENDING FRAMEWORK](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/08/black-box-lending-algorithmic-credit-scoring-the-explanatory-deficit-and-the-right-to-fair-credit-under-indias-digital-lending-framework/) - BLACK BOX LENDING: ALGORITHMIC CREDIT SCORING, THE EXPLANATORY DEFICIT, AND THE RIGHT TO FAIR CREDIT UNDER INDIA'S DIGITAL LENDING FRAMEWORK Vaibhav Vishwanath Khedkar, Ph.D., Research Scholar at ABMS Parishad Yashwantrao Chavan Law College, Pune, Maharashtra (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.159 India’s digital lending market is projected to reach USD 515 billion by 2030 and is increasingly India's digital lending market is projected to reach USD 515 billion by 2030 and is increasingly spread by algorithmic credit scoring systems. These are the statistical models that ingest vast datasets and produce a single numerical decision outcome regarding the eligibility of the credit to the person. - [CROSS-BORDER MEDIA ACCESSIBILITY UNDER GATS: A STRUCTURAL IMBALANCE PERSPECTIVE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/08/cross-border-media-accessibility-under-gats-a-structural-imbalance-perspective/) - CROSS-BORDER MEDIA ACCESSIBILITY UNDER GATS: A STRUCTURAL IMBALANCE PERSPECTIVE Valli S P, LL.M, 1st year, Student at University of Mysore (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.158 This paper analyses cross-border media accessibility within the framework of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), with particular focus on the structural conditions that shape participation in global media This paper analyses cross-border media accessibility within the framework of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), with particular focus on the structural conditions that shape participation in global media markets. While GATS establishes a system of liberalisation through principles such as market access and national treatment, its reliance on negotiated commitments produces differentiated outcomes among member states. - [THE ROLE OF THE MEDIATORS IN MATRIMONIAL DISPUTES: THE ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN THE FAMILY LAW](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/08/the-role-of-the-mediators-in-matrimonial-disputes-the-analysis-of-alternative-dispute-resolution-in-the-family-law/) - THE ROLE OF THE MEDIATORS IN MATRIMONIAL DISPUTES: THE ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN THE FAMILY LAW Gracy Tanwar, LL.M, Student at National Law University, Odisha (India) Siddharth Abhishek, LL.M, Student at National Law University, Odisha (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.157 The issue of matrimonial disagreement constitutes one of the most emotionally charged and socially The issue of matrimonial disagreement constitutes one of the most emotionally charged and socially sensitive issues in the system of law. Conventional litigation tends to further the animosity among the partners and can cause a lengthy court battle which can be detrimental to the family, especially their children. In this regard, mediation has been a strong alternative dispute resolution (ADR) tool that boasts of dialogue, collaboration and win-win solutions. - [EVALUATING THE EFFICACY OF POSH ACT IMPLEMENTATION IN INDIAN SERVICE LAW: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF LEGISLATIVE INTENT, JUDICIAL INTERPRETATION, AND PRACTICAL IMPEDIMENTS IN WORKPLACE SEXUAL HARASSMENT REDRESSAL](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/06/evaluating-the-efficacy-of-posh-act-implementation-in-indian-service-law-a-comprehensive-analysis-of-legislative-intent-judicial-interpretation-and-practical-impediments-in-workplace-sexual-harassm/) - EVALUATING THE EFFICACY OF POSH ACT IMPLEMENTATION IN INDIAN SERVICE LAW: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF LEGISLATIVE INTENT, JUDICIAL INTERPRETATION, AND PRACTICAL IMPEDIMENTS IN WORKPLACE SEXUAL HARASSMENT REDRESSAL Linshi Naresh Kharat, LL.M (Constitutional Law), Student at Maharashtra National Law University, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.156 The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and - [PRIVACY, SURVEILLANCE AND DATA PROTECTION IN THE DIGITAL PUBLIC SPHERE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/06/privacy-surveillance-and-data-protection-in-the-digital-public-sphere/) - PRIVACY, SURVEILLANCE AND DATA PROTECTION IN THE DIGITAL PUBLIC SPHERE Arun Jaijeev, BBA LL. B, 6th Semester, Student at Christ Academy Institute of Law, Hullahalli, Begur Koppa Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka (India) Chilakala Aswini, BBA LL. B, 6th Semester, Student at Christ Academy Institute of Law, Hullahalli, Begur Koppa Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.155 The enactment of India's Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 arrives at a critical juncture following the Supreme Court's historic affirmation in Justice K.S. Puttaswamy (Retd.) v. Union of India (2017). Justice K.S. Puttaswamy was a retired judge of the Karnataka High Court, and the judgment recognised privacy as an intrinsic facet of the constitutional right to life and liberty. - [SAFEGUARDING THE GUARDIAN: A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE ON JUDICIAL INDEPENDENCE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/06/safeguarding-the-guardian-a-comparative-perspective-on-judicial-independence/) - SAFEGUARDING THE GUARDIAN: A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE ON JUDICIAL INDEPENDENCE Nishchal Kumawat, LL.M., Student at Gujarat National Law University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.154 Progressing from the question ‘Why is the independence of the judiciary necessary?’ to ‘How to make the judiciary independent?’ The constitutional discourse has rightly shifted to ‘How to keep the judiciary independent?’ The Progressing from the question ‘Why is the independence of the judiciary necessary?’ to ‘How to make the judiciary independent?’ The constitutional discourse has rightly shifted to ‘How to keep the judiciary independent?’ The Aristotelian idea of separating functions has, to some extent, protected the independence of the judiciary vis-à-vis the executive and the legislature, but in the present, threats to the judiciary's independence have become more varied and eclectic. These threats not only arise from the other two organs of government but also from the people and the nation's politics. - [THE ROLE OF ALTERNATE DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN FACILITATING CROSS-BORDER TRADE AND INVESTMENT: AN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/06/the-role-of-alternate-dispute-resolution-in-facilitating-cross-border-trade-and-investment-an-indian-perspective/) - THE ROLE OF ALTERNATE DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN FACILITATING CROSS-BORDER TRADE AND INVESTMENT: AN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE Aditya Kumar, Five-Year B.A. LLB. Degree Programme, Amity Law School, Amity University, Noida Uttar Pradesh (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.153 This paper examines the role of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), particularly arbitration and mediation, in facilitating cross-border trade and investment in This paper examines the role of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), particularly arbitration and mediation, in facilitating cross-border trade and investment in India. The study addresses the central problem of inefficiencies in traditional litigation systems, which often deter foreign investors due to delays, high costs, and jurisdictional complexities. Adopting a doctrinal research methodology, the paper analyses statutory frameworks including the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, the Mediation Act, 2023, and relevant judicial precedents, alongside international instruments such as the UNCITRAL Model Law and the New York Convention. - [GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND COPYRIGHT OWNERSHIP: A DOCTRINAL ANALYSIS OF AUTHORSHIP, ORIGINALITY, AND THE CRISIS OF CREATIVE ATTRIBUTION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/06/generative-artificial-intelligence-and-copyright-ownership-a-doctrinal-analysis-of-authorship-originality-and-the-crisis-of-creative-attribution/) - GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND COPYRIGHT OWNERSHIP: A DOCTRINAL ANALYSIS OF AUTHORSHIP, ORIGINALITY, AND THE CRISIS OF CREATIVE ATTRIBUTION Prachi Kotia, Assistant professor at NMIMS, Indore (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.152 The emergence of generative artificial intelligence (AI) systems capable of producing literary works, musical compositions, visual art, and computer code with minimal or no human creative The emergence of generative artificial intelligence (AI) systems capable of producing literary works, musical compositions, visual art, and computer code with minimal or no human creative input has precipitated a profound doctrinal crisis within copyright law. The foundational construct of copyright, premised upon the existence of a human author who exercises creative judgment, is structurally ill-equipped to accommodate outputs generated by machine-learning models. - [PROCEDURAL FAIRNESS WITHOUT PHYSICAL PRESENCE: CAN AUDI ALTERAM PARTEM SURVIVE ODR?](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/06/procedural-fairness-without-physical-presence-can-audi-alteram-partem-survive-odr/) - PROCEDURAL FAIRNESS WITHOUT PHYSICAL PRESENCE: CAN AUDI ALTERAM PARTEM SURVIVE ODR? Prachi Chawla, LL.M. Batch 2025-2026, IILM University, Greater Noida (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.151 The exponential growth in the application of ODR systems offers possibilities of efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and increased accessibility, yet at the same time poses a threat to the very foundations of the The exponential growth in the application of ODR systems offers possibilities of efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and increased accessibility, yet at the same time poses a threat to the very foundations of the audi alteram partem doctrine that is based on space and perception. The paper raises questions about whether “the right to be heard” remains conceptually intact within a digital forum and remains constitutional within an Indian context and common law tradition. - [SACRED VIOLENCE: THE GLOBAL ISLAMIZATION OF TERROR](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/06/sacred-violence-the-global-islamization-of-terror/) - SACRED VIOLENCE: THE GLOBAL ISLAMIZATION OF TERROR Baibhab Datta, Student of Semester Eight, Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India (ICFAI), Hyderabad (TELENGANA), India Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.150 Whereas religion has historically been associated with terrorism it is clear that in current global discourses the notion of terrorism being largely a product of an inherent, inordinate Whereas religion has historically been associated with terrorism it is clear that in current global discourses the notion of terrorism being largely a product of an inherent, inordinate relation between the domain of religion and an overwhelming dominance of Islam and Muslimness continues to persist. The present work probes the veracity of this association: Is it an outcome of, and a reflection of, some empirically evident characteristics of current terrorist activity, or is it constructed primarily by the processes of media, geopolitics and security studies. - [SEXUAL VIOLENCE AGAINST DALIT WOMEN: A CRITICAL STUDY OF JUDICIAL TRENDS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/04/sexual-violence-against-dalit-women-a-critical-study-of-judicial-trends/) - This research paper critically examines judicial trends in cases of sexual violence against Dalit women in India through the intersecting lenses of caste, gen.. - [RECALIBRATING THE TRANSFER OF PROPERTY ACT, 1882: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF DEFINITIONAL AMBIGUITIES, DOCTRINAL RIGIDITIES, AND CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/30/recalibrating-the-transfer-of-property-act-1882-a-critical-analysis-of-definitional-ambiguities-doctrinal-rigidities-and-contemporary-challenges/) - RECALIBRATING THE TRANSFER OF PROPERTY ACT, 1882: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF DEFINITIONAL AMBIGUITIES, DOCTRINAL RIGIDITIES, AND CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES Palak Jha, BALLB (H), 4th Semester, Student at IILM University, Greater Noida (India) Deepansh Bhargava, BALLB (H) 4th Semester, Student at IILM University, Greater Noida (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.148 The Transfer of Property Act, 1882 remains the The Transfer of Property Act, 1882 remains the primary statute governing transfers of immovable property in India. However, its colonial origins create definitional ambiguities and rigid doctrines that are increasingly incompatible with modern economic and technological developments. Designed for an agrarian context, it inadequately addresses contemporary forms of property such as intangible assets, complex proprietary interests, and digital transactions. - [REVISITING GENDER NEUTRALITY IN THE POCSO ACT: AN EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS OF JUDICIAL INTERPRETATIONS AND SOCIETAL IMPLICATIONS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/30/revisiting-gender-neutrality-in-the-pocso-act-an-exploratory-analysis-of-judicial-interpretations-and-societal-implications/) - REVISITING GENDER NEUTRALITY IN THE POCSO ACT: AN EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS OF JUDICIAL INTERPRETATIONS AND SOCIETAL IMPLICATIONS Gantav Gupta, Assistant Professor of Law (India) Manshi, Assistant Professor of Law (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.147 There’s a most famous question that “Why the POCSO is considered as a gender-neutral”? The answer to this question is “According to General There’s a most famous question that “Why the POCSO is considered as a gender-neutral”? The answer to this question is “According to General Clauses Act, 1897, the masculine words include females unless otherwise specified. The use of the word 'he' automatically denotes “she”. The POCSO Act, 2012 has been enacted by ministry of women and child development to tackle the heinous offences of sexual abuse, also to protect children from harassment and child exploitation. - [EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INSOLVENCY AND BANKRUPTCY CODE, 2016: A STUDY OF CREDITOR - DEBTOR BALANCE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/30/effectiveness-of-the-insolvency-and-bankruptcy-code-2016-a-study-of-creditor-debtor-balance/) - EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INSOLVENCY AND BANKRUPTCY CODE, 2016: A STUDY OF CREDITOR - DEBTOR BALANCE Qifah, BBA.LLB (H.), 6th Semester, Student at Model Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jammu (India) Anmol, BBA.LLB (H.), 6th Semester, Student at Model Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jammu (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.146 The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 is The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 is considered one of the important changes in business law after independence. It was created to resolve issues in the previous insolvency systems. To solve the problems IBC aimed to combine all the scattered laws into one system and created time bound process. It focused on maximising the value of company, protecting the interests of creditors and motivated people to start businesses. - [GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS AND THE PROTECTION OF TRADITIONAL HANDICRAFTS: A CASE STUDY OF KOLHAPURI SANDALS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/30/geographical-indications-and-the-protection-of-traditional-handicrafts-a-case-study-of-kolhapuri-sandals/) - GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS AND THE PROTECTION OF TRADITIONAL HANDICRAFTS: A CASE STUDY OF KOLHAPURI SANDALS Anushka Akanksha, B.A. LL.B. (Hons.), 2nd Year, Student at Amity Law School, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.145 The present research paper reports on the suitable use of Geographical Indications (GIs) in safeguarding Indian traditional handicrafts through a case The present research paper reports on the suitable use of Geographical Indications (GIs) in safeguarding Indian traditional handicrafts through a case study of Kolhapuri sandals. This protective 12th century handmade sandal was qualified as GI in 2019. Their cultural and legislative, as well as economunderlinestance underline the paper, particularly in the wake of a scandal that came with luxury fashion house Prada. - [AI AUTONOMY VS HUMAN CONTROL: BALANCING INNOVATION, ACCOUNTABILITY AND GOVERNANCE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/30/ai-autonomy-vs-human-control-balancing-innovation-accountability-and-governance/) - AI AUTONOMY VS HUMAN CONTROL: BALANCING INNOVATION, ACCOUNTABILITY AND GOVERNANCE Aaryan Naresh Parekh, BBA LLB, 10th Semester, Student at MIT World Peace University (India) Janhavi Vinod Shrungare, BBA LLB, 8th Semester, Student at MIT World Peace University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.144 Artificial intelligence has become a disruptive force that is changing governance, decision-making, and how Artificial intelligence has become a disruptive force that is changing governance, decision-making, and how people engage with technology. Significant concerns about accountability, human oversight, privacy, justice, and the suitability of current legal and regulatory frameworks emerge as AI systems get more autonomous. This study highlights the need to strike a balance between responsible governance and technological innovation by examining the growing conflict between AI autonomy and human control. - [INHERITANCE RIGHTS OF IVF-BORN CHILDREN UNDER THE HINDU SUCCESSION ACT, 1956](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/30/inheritance-rights-of-ivf-born-children-under-the-hindu-succession-act-1956/) - INHERITANCE RIGHTS OF IVF-BORN CHILDREN UNDER THE HINDU SUCCESSION ACT, 1956 Shreya Bairagi, Assistant Professor, School of Legal Studies, Swami Vivekananda University, Barrackpore, West Bengal (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.143 The advent and rapid advancement of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) particularly In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) have profoundly transformed the concepts of parenthood and family structures in The advent and rapid advancement of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) particularly In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) have profoundly transformed the concepts of parenthood and family structures in contemporary society. Today, parenthood is no longer solely dependent on natural biological processes; rather, it may involve medical interventions, planned conception, and, in some instances, the involvement of third parties. - [FROM LEGISLATIVE PROMISE TO GROUND REALITY: A CRITICAL SOCIO-LEGAL STUDY OF THE PROTECTION OF WOMEN FROM DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ACT, 2005](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/30/from-legislative-promise-to-ground-reality-a-critical-socio-legal-study-of-the-protection-of-women-from-domestic-violence-act-2005/) - FROM LEGISLATIVE PROMISE TO GROUND REALITY: A CRITICAL SOCIO-LEGAL STUDY OF THE PROTECTION OF WOMEN FROM DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ACT, 2005 Shivani Kumari, B.A.LL. B (H), 10th Semester, Student at Amity Law School, Noida (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.142 The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 (PWDVA) is an important piece of legislation designed to The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 (PWDVA) is an important piece of legislation designed to combat the problem of domestic violence prevalent in India owing to its patriarchal social structure. The aim of this paper is to conduct a socio-legal analysis of the PWDVA focusing on its legislative background, constitutional basis, and judicial interpretations over time. It examines how this legislation differs from other existing legislations on the same subject as it does not adopt a criminal but a civil and rights-based approach, and thus, grants immediate remedies like protection order, residence order, and financial compensation. - [THE CORPORATE VEIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HOMICIDE: PIERCING THE SHIELD OF CORPORATE IMPUNITY IN ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTERS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/30/the-corporate-veil-and-environmental-homicide-piercing-the-shield-of-corporate-impunity-in-environmental-disasters/) - THE CORPORATE VEIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HOMICIDE: PIERCING THE SHIELD OF CORPORATE IMPUNITY IN ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTERS Prachi Milind Satpute, Assistant professor at School of law, G. H. Raisoni University, Amravati (India) Dr. Komal Namdevrao Khajone, Assistant professor at School of Law, G.H. Raisoni University Amravati (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.141 The doctrine of corporate personality, firmly established The doctrine of corporate personality, firmly established by the House of Lords in Salomon v A. Salomon & Co. Ltd. (1897), grants companies an independent legal existence distinct from their shareholders and directors. This corporate veil serves as a fundamental pillar of modern corporate law, encouraging entrepreneurship and investment by limiting personal liability. However, when the shield of separate legal personality is exploited to evade accountability for environmental destruction causing mass casualties, the doctrine confronts an existential moral and legal crisis. - [SEEDS OF JUSTICE: MAPPING THE LEGAL ARCHITECTURE OF AGRICULTURAL GOVERNANCE IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/30/seeds-of-justice-mapping-the-legal-architecture-of-agricultural-governance-in-india/) - SEEDS OF JUSTICE: MAPPING THE LEGAL ARCHITECTURE OF AGRICULTURAL GOVERNANCE IN INDIA Satakshi Raj, B.A.LL. B (H), 10th Semester, Student at Amity Law School, Noida (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.140 This particular research paper takes a very long, detailed look at the whole legal setup and the general architecture that basically governs the entire agricultural sector This particular research paper takes a very long, detailed look at the whole legal setup and the general architecture that basically governs the entire agricultural sector across the country of India, while also trying to analyze it from several different angles like the constitutional side, the statutory side, and the side that deals with reform-oriented dimensions. It really tries to highlight and point out how the legislative powers are actually distributed and split up between the central Union and the various States, while also looking at the specific role of certain key provisions, for example, things like Articles 246, 21, and 300A, which all play a big part in shaping how agrarian governance actually works on the ground in a practical sense. - [DELIMITATION IN INDIA: A CONSTITUTIONAL DILEMMA BETWEEN ELECTORAL REPRESENTATION AND FEDERAL BALANCE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/29/delimitation-in-india-a-constitutional-dilemma-between-electoral-representation-and-federal-balance/) - DELIMITATION IN INDIA: A CONSTITUTIONAL DILEMMA BETWEEN ELECTORAL REPRESENTATION AND FEDERAL BALANCE Harsh Raj, B.A LL. B, 8th Semester, Student at Gitarattan International Business School Affliated to Guru Gobind Indraprastha University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.139 Through scientific analytics and compositional intelligibility, besides the discourse on delimitation in India, this paper broadly lays focus on balancing Through scientific analytics and compositional intelligibility, besides the discourse on delimitation in India, this paper broadly lays focus on balancing the choice of equitable electoral representation with the basic tenets of federalism. The delimitation process, while acting as a mechanism for population-based representation, may inadvertently penalise states for the population control measures they have effectively implemented, thereby disrupting federal equity.v - [CHINTHADA ANAND V. STATE OF ANDHRA PRADESH AND ORS.: A CRITICAL LEGAL ANALYSIS OF CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS, CRIMINAL PROCEDURE, AND JUDICIAL INTERPRETATION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/29/chinthada-anand-v-state-of-andhra-pradesh-and-ors-a-critical-legal-analysis-of-constitutional-rights-criminal-procedure-and-judicial-interpretation/) - CHINTHADA ANAND V. STATE OF ANDHRA PRADESH AND ORS.: A CRITICAL LEGAL ANALYSIS OF CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS, CRIMINAL PROCEDURE, AND JUDICIAL INTERPRETATION Stuti Wasnik, B.A LL. B, 10th Semester, Student at Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (Guru Ghasi das University), Faculty of Law (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.138 The decision in Chinthada Anand v. State of Andhra Pradesh and The decision in Chinthada Anand v. State of Andhra Pradesh and Ors. constitutes a significant reaffirmation of the constitutional framework governing Scheduled Caste (SC) identity in India, particularly in the context of religious conversion. The case addresses the legal question of whether protections under the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 remain available to an individual born into a Scheduled Caste who subsequently converts to Christianity. - [THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF IBC](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/29/theoretical-framework-of-ibc/) - THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF IBC Abdul Rahman K I, LL.M., 4th Semester, Student at Central University of Tamil Nadu (India) Aarcha P B, LL.M., 4th Semester, Student at Central University of Tamil Nadu (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.137 The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 is not only a legal mechanism for resolving debt it is based on The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 is not only a legal mechanism for resolving debt it is based on important economic and legal principles that explain the need for a structured insolvency system in a credit-based economy. Modern economies function largely on borrowed capital, businesses depend upon loans and investments to finance their operations, expand production and undertake new business initiatives. Therefore, credit plays an important role in the economic growth and development. - [DEFINING HATE SPEECH IN INDIA: AMBIGUITIES, ENFORCEMENT CHALLENGES, AND THE CONSTITUTIONAL DILEMMA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/29/defining-hate-speech-in-india-ambiguities-enforcement-challenges-and-the-constitutional-dilemma/) - DEFINING HATE SPEECH IN INDIA: AMBIGUITIES, ENFORCEMENT CHALLENGES, AND THE CONSTITUTIONAL DILEMMA Aditya Pal, JRF-Ph.D., 2nd Semester, Scholar at SICMSS, Rashtriya Raksha University, Gandhinagar-382305 (India) Taarini Rankawat, BBALL.B, 2nd year, Student at SCLML, Rashtriya Raksha University, Gandhinagar-382305 (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.136 Hate speech is still one of the most concerning challenges for India’s democratic and Hate speech is still one of the most concerning challenges for India’s democratic and constitutional framework, especially in the digital age. Despite the enactment of Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita in 2023, which was promised to replace and eradicate the ‘colonial mindset’ from the legal dimensions of India, the provisions pertaining to hate speech are largely the same and therefore, continue to suffer from definitional ambiguity. Terms such as ‘hatred, enmity, disharmony’ etc. lack a precise legal requirement as to when a speech becomes hateful, envious OR disharmonious in nature. - [CASE LAW ANALYSIS: SURAJ LAMP & INDUSTRIES PVT. LTD. V. STATE OF HARYANA (2012) 1 SCC 656](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/29/case-law-analysis-suraj-lamp-industries-pvt-ltd-v-state-of-haryana-2012-1-scc-656/) - CASE LAW ANALYSIS: SURAJ LAMP & INDUSTRIES PVT. LTD. V. STATE OF HARYANA (2012) 1 SCC 656 Shreejith.S, 3rd Year, Student at VIT School of Law, VIT Chennai (India) Satvik Keyan, 3rd Year, Student at VIT School of Law, VIT Chennai (India) Dr. Saji Sivan S, Assistant professor, VIT School of Law, VIT Chennai (India) This paper critically analyses the landmark decision of the Supreme Court of India in Suraj Lamp & Industries Pvt. Ltd. v. State of Haryana (2012), which addressed the legality of transferring immovable property through General Power of Attorney (GPA), Agreement to Sell, and Will transactions, collectively referred to as GPA sales. Adopting a doctrinal and analytical research methodology, the study examines the statutory framework under Section 54 of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882 and Section 17 of the Registration Act, 1908, alongside judicial interpretations governing property transfers in India. - [A DOCTRINAL ANALYSIS OF INDIA’S CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT: FROM COLONIAL FOUNDATIONS TO DIGITAL GOVERNANCE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/28/a-doctrinal-analysis-of-indias-constitutional-development-from-colonial-foundations-to-digital-governance/) - A DOCTRINAL ANALYSIS OF INDIA’S CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT: FROM COLONIAL FOUNDATIONS TO DIGITAL GOVERNANCE Lamiya Sultana, Assistant Professor & Program Coordinator, School of legal Studies, Swami Vivekananda University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.134 The Constitution of India represents a transformative legal and political framework shaped by the historical, social, and psychological experiences of colonial rule. Far beyond The Constitution of India represents a transformative legal and political framework shaped by the historical, social, and psychological experiences of colonial rule. Far beyond a static legal document, it embodies the aspirations of a newly independent nation striving to secure justice, liberty, equality, and dignity for its citizens. This paper undertakes a doctrinal study of India’s constitutional transformation, tracing its evolution from colonial governance structures to its contemporary engagement with digital realities. - [MINORITY RIGHTS AND THE POSITION OF WOMEN IN INDIA: A CONSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/28/minority-rights-and-the-position-of-women-in-india-a-constitutional-analysis/) - MINORITY RIGHTS AND THE POSITION OF WOMEN IN INDIA: A CONSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS Shunmuga Sundarakumar G, Assistant Professor, Government Law College, Tirunelveli (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.133 The protection of minority rights constitutes a fundamental pillar of India’s constitutional framework, reflecting its commitment to pluralism, secularism, and social justice in a diverse society. The Constitution guarantees a The protection of minority rights constitutes a fundamental pillar of India’s constitutional framework, reflecting its commitment to pluralism, secularism, and social justice in a diverse society. The Constitution guarantees a range of rights aimed at safeguarding minority communities, including equality before the law, non-discrimination, freedom of religion, and cultural and educational autonomy. - [INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN THE AGE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: A STUDY OF FASHION AND COSMETIC INDUSTRIES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/28/intellectual-property-in-the-age-of-artificial-intelligence-a-study-of-fashion-and-cosmetic-industries/) - INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN THE AGE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: A STUDY OF FASHION AND COSMETIC INDUSTRIES Sakshi Pratyush, LLM, Student at Amity University, Noida (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.132 The rapid integration of AI into the fashion and beauty industries is transforming traditional ideas about creativity, innovation, and ownership. Fashion designers and cosmetic formulators increasingly use AI The rapid integration of AI into the fashion and beauty industries is transforming traditional ideas about creativity, innovation, and ownership. Fashion designers and cosmetic formulators increasingly use AI technologies to create fashion designs, predict trends, and formulate cosmetics. - [INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN FASHION INDUSTRY: NAVIGATING CREATIVITY AND COMMERCE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/24/intellectual-property-rights-in-fashion-industry-navigating-creativity-and-commerce/) - INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN FASHION INDUSTRY: NAVIGATING CREATIVITY AND COMMERCE Saisha Sinha, LLM, Student at Damodaram Sanjivayya National Law University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.119 The fashion industry, a dynamic blend of creativity, commerce, and culture, thrives on innovation and distinctiveness. However, the protection of intellectual property (IP) within this sector remains complex and often inadequate. The fashion industry, a dynamic blend of creativity, commerce, and culture, thrives on innovation and distinctiveness. However, the protection of intellectual property (IP) within this sector remains complex and often inadequate. - [CYBERBULLYING AMONG TEENAGERS: LEGAL REMEDIES AND SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/24/cyberbullying-among-teenagers-legal-remedies-and-social-consequences/) - CYBERBULLYING AMONG TEENAGERS: LEGAL REMEDIES AND SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES Vaishnavi Saxena, B. Com LL. B, 10th Semester, Student at Amity Law School, Amity University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.118 The rapid spread of the Internet and digital technologies has spawned the ubiquitous phenomenon of cyberbullying, and teens make up a highly susceptible group of The rapid spread of the Internet and digital technologies has spawned the ubiquitous phenomenon of cyberbullying, and teens make up a highly susceptible group of people. Teenagers as heavy users of social networking sites, instant messaging users, and online gaming platforms are increasingly exposed to online interactions that have the potential of perpetrating harassment, threats and abuse. - [NUMBERS WITHOUT POWER: EVALUATING WOMEN'S REPRESENTATION ON BOARDS OF DIRECTORS AND AS KEY MANAGERIAL PERSONNEL IN INDIAN CORPORATIONS AGAINST GLOBAL BENCHMARKS, AND THE CASE FOR STRATEGIES BEYOND LEGAL MANDATES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/24/numbers-without-power-evaluating-womens-representation-on-boards-of-directors-and-as-key-managerial-personnel-in-indian-corporations-against-global-benchmarks-and-the-case-for-strategies-beyond-le/) - NUMBERS WITHOUT POWER: EVALUATING WOMEN'S REPRESENTATION ON BOARDS OF DIRECTORS AND AS KEY MANAGERIAL PERSONNEL IN INDIAN CORPORATIONS AGAINST GLOBAL BENCHMARKS, AND THE CASE FOR STRATEGIES BEYOND LEGAL MANDATES Adv. Arundhati Thakur, LL.M Scholar (Corporate Law), 2nd Semester, Student at IILM University, Greater Noida (India) Ms. Garima Mohan Prasad, Assistant Professor, IILM University, Greater Noida The Companies Act, 2013 introduced a statutory requirement for listed companies in India to appoint at least one woman to their boards, resulting in a decade of formal compliance. This paper examines whether such compliance has led to genuine gender equity in corporate leadership or has remained largely symbolic in nature. - [WHEN WELFARE STATUTES COLLIDE: A CASE STUDY OF S. VANITHA V. DEPUTY COMMISSIONER](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/26/when-welfare-statutes-collide-a-case-study-of-s-vanitha-v-deputy-commissioner/) - WHEN WELFARE STATUTES COLLIDE: A CASE STUDY OF S. VANITHA V. DEPUTY COMMISSIONER Harshita Khanna, LL.M (Family law), Student at Amity Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.131 Judicial interpretation has played a major role in the development of the legal relationship between the rights granted to senior citizens Judicial interpretation has played a major role in the development of the legal relationship between the rights granted to senior citizens under the Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007 (MWPSC Act) and the residence rights of daughters-in-law under the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 (PWDV Act). In the absence of an explicit statutory relationship between these two welfare legislations, the judiciary has been forced to evolve principles of harmonious interpretation to deal with conflicts arising in joint living spaces. - [BENAMI TRANSACTIONS VS GENUINE TRANSFERS: LEGAL CHALLENGES UNDER THE TRANSFER OF PROPERTY ACT](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/26/benami-transactions-vs-genuine-transfers-legal-challenges-under-the-transfer-of-property-act/) - BENAMI TRANSACTIONS VS GENUINE TRANSFERS: LEGAL CHALLENGES UNDER THE TRANSFER OF PROPERTY ACT Prem Kumar, B.A LL. B (H), 4th Semester, Student at IILM University, Greater Noida (India) Shreya Tripathi, B.A LL. B (H), 4th Semester, Student at IILM University, Greater Noida (India) Tapasi Rout, B.A LL. B (H), 4th Semester, Student at IILM University, The present study deals with the issue of differentiating between benami transactions and true transactions under Indian property law. In this context, the two primary legislative acts, viz., the Transfer of Property Act, 1882 and the Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988, are discussed. - [ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF ITS ROLE IN ADDRESSING ACID ATTACKS AGAINST WOMEN IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/25/artificial-intelligence-in-the-criminal-justice-system-a-critical-analysis-of-its-role-in-addressing-acid-attacks-against-women-in-india/) - ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF ITS ROLE IN ADDRESSING ACID ATTACKS AGAINST WOMEN IN INDIA Dr. Prasanna S, Assistant Professor, Government Law College, Tirunelveli (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.129 Acid attacks against women in India continue to expose serious deficiencies within the criminal justice system, particularly in the areas of Acid attacks against women in India continue to expose serious deficiencies within the criminal justice system, particularly in the areas of prevention, investigation, prosecution, and victim rehabilitation. Despite stringent legal provisions, the persistence of such offences indicates structural and procedural gaps. - [THE EVOLUTION OF PRIVACY AS A FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT IN THE AGE OF CYBER CRIME](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/25/the-evolution-of-privacy-as-a-fundamental-right-in-the-age-of-cyber-crime/) - THE EVOLUTION OF PRIVACY AS A FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT IN THE AGE OF CYBER CRIME Tanmay Gujarathi, Advocate at Bombay High Court (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.128 This paper examines the development of privacy as a fundamental right in the context of rising cyber-crime and rapid digitalization. In the current digital world, huge amounts of personal data This paper examines the development of privacy as a fundamental right in the context of rising cyber-crime and rapid digitalization. In the current digital world, huge amounts of personal data are produced, collected, and processed throughout day-to-day online activities, exposing individuals to increasing risks such as data theft, hacking, phishing, and cyber terrorism. The shocking rise in cyber-crime cases underlines the urgent need for strong legal safeguards to protect personal information and preserve individual autonomy. - [PROTECTION OF TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/25/protection-of-traditional-knowledge-in-india/) - PROTECTION OF TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE IN INDIA Anjali Patel, LL.M (IP), 2nd Semester, Student at Amity Law School, Amity University, Noida (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.127 The traditional knowledge (TK), a set of medicinal formulations, agricultural practices, cultural expressions and ecological wisdom that has evolved in indigenous and local communities over centuries takes a controversial place in The traditional knowledge (TK), a set of medicinal formulations, agricultural practices, cultural expressions and ecological wisdom that has evolved in indigenous and local communities over centuries takes a controversial place in the modern intellectual property (IP) landscape. - [PUNISHMENT, DETERRENCE, AND REFORM: A CRIMINOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF SENTENCING POLICIES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/25/punishment-deterrence-and-reform-a-criminological-evaluation-of-sentencing-policies/) - PUNISHMENT, DETERRENCE, AND REFORM: A CRIMINOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF SENTENCING POLICIES Gunjan Basrani, LL.M, 2nd Semester, Student at Jagannath University, Jaipur, Rajasthan (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.126 The question of whether punishments effectively achieve their intended purpose is the central premise of the criminal justice system and is deceptively straightforward. This study analyzes the three major justifications The question of whether punishments effectively achieve their intended purpose is the central premise of the criminal justice system and is deceptively straightforward. This study analyzes the three major justifications for punishing offenders: deterrence, incapacitation and rehabilitation, against empirical evidence found in both common law and civil law system sentencing practices. - [BEYOND DECRIMINALISATION: A CRITICAL REAPPRAISAL OF ADULTERY IN INDIAN MATRIMONIAL LAW](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/25/beyond-decriminalisation-a-critical-reappraisal-of-adultery-in-indian-matrimonial-law/) - BEYOND DECRIMINALISATION: A CRITICAL REAPPRAISAL OF ADULTERY IN INDIAN MATRIMONIAL LAW Abhishek Jain, LL.M, Student at Amity Institute of Advanced Legal studies, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.125 This study conducts an extensive doctrinal and constitutional examination of adultery law in India, documenting its progression from ancient religious and customary practices to colonial This study conducts an extensive doctrinal and constitutional examination of adultery law in India, documenting its progression from ancient religious and customary practices to colonial criminalisation and subsequent constitutional decriminalisation. Adultery was historically regarded as a moral and matrimonial transgression governed by personal laws; however, the introduction of Section 497 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (Now Replaced by the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023), redefined it as a gender-biased criminal offence based on Victorian morality and patriarchal concepts of marriage. - [SABR, JUSTICE, AND DIVORCE: RETHINKING TALAQ AND MARITAL TOLERANCE IN MUSLIM LAW IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/24/sabr-justice-and-divorce-rethinking-talaq-and-marital-tolerance-in-muslim-law-in-india/) - SABR, JUSTICE, AND DIVORCE: RETHINKING TALAQ AND MARITAL TOLERANCE IN MUSLIM LAW IN INDIA Atiya Waris, Research Scholar, Faculty of Law, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi (India) Prof. (Dr.) Nuzhat Parveen Khan, Professor and former Dean, Faculty of Law, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.116 The Islamic law of marriage is a The Islamic law of marriage is a civil contract that is based on mutual-consent, mutual-rights, and moral restraint. Although divorce (talaq) is legally allowed in this context, it is not generally encouraged and is controlled by the Quranic injunctions of emphasizing patience (ṣabr), reconciliation, and justice. - [THE CONVERGENCE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND COMPETITION LAW: NAVIGATING THE FRAND PARADIGM IN STANDARD ESSENTIAL PATENT LICENSING](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/24/the-convergence-of-intellectual-property-and-competition-law-navigating-the-frand-paradigm-in-standard-essential-patent-licensing/) - THE CONVERGENCE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND COMPETITION LAW: NAVIGATING THE FRAND PARADIGM IN STANDARD ESSENTIAL PATENT LICENSING Devika Singh, LLM (IP), 2nd Semester, Student at Amity University, Noida (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.124 This study explores the growing tension between competition law and intellectual property rights, especially in the context of Standard Essential Patent (SEPs). As This study explores the growing tension between competition law and intellectual property rights, especially in the context of Standard Essential Patent (SEPs). As industries worldwide move toward unifying technological ecosystems like 5G, 6G, and the Internet of Things. Interoperability has become a prerequisite for entering the market. This dependence creates a unique paradox: the exclusive monopoly granted by patent law often collides with Competition law’s mission to prevent market foreclosure. - [DARK PATTERNS AND THE ILLUSION OF CONSENT IN E-CONTRACTS IN INDIA: A LEGAL ANALYSIS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/24/dark-patterns-and-the-illusion-of-consent-in-e-contracts-in-india-a-legal-analysis/) - DARK PATTERNS AND THE ILLUSION OF CONSENT IN E-CONTRACTS IN INDIA: A LEGAL ANALYSIS Pavitha T, Guest faculty, Government Law College, Chengalpattu (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.123 A paradigm shift in the concept of contractual consent, especially in the digital arena, where electronic contracts have gained prominence, but the user consent is typically obtained through interface-based A paradigm shift in the concept of contractual consent, especially in the digital arena, where electronic contracts have gained prominence, but the user consent is typically obtained through interface-based mechanisms, and the issue is whether such consent is informed or merely a product of the interface itself. - [IMPACT OF EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS IN LEGISLATIVE PERFORMANCE AND ETHICAL GOVERNANCE: LESSONS FROM INDIA AND GLOBAL DEMOCRACIES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/24/impact-of-educational-qualifications-in-legislative-performance-and-ethical-governance-lessons-from-india-and-global-democracies/) - IMPACT OF EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS IN LEGISLATIVE PERFORMANCE AND ETHICAL GOVERNANCE: LESSONS FROM INDIA AND GLOBAL DEMOCRACIES Megha Chandra, B.A LL. B (H), 4th Semester, Student at Amity Law School, Amity University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh (India) Dr. Rohit Kumar Shukla, Assistant Professor at Amity Law School, Amity University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.122 Education Education has always been considered the basic criterion to get employment in almost all sectors. In the case of politics, especially democratic politics in India, there is no such educational criterion that one must meet to become a member of parliament or a member of the legislative assembly. - [FROM PUNISHMENT TO PROPORTIONALITY: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF DECRIMINALISATION OF MINOR OFFENCES IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/24/from-punishment-to-proportionality-a-critical-analysis-of-decriminalisation-of-minor-offences-in-india/) - FROM PUNISHMENT TO PROPORTIONALITY: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF DECRIMINALISATION OF MINOR OFFENCES IN INDIA Krati Patni, LLM, Student at Jagannath University Jaipur (India) Dr. Varsha Dhabhai, Associate professor at Jagannath University Jaipur (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.121 The criminal justice system of India has been struggling for years with the problem of an overly criminalised structure, The criminal justice system of India has been struggling for years with the problem of an overly criminalised structure, which is a legacy of the colonial-era legal system and was further worsened over decades by the excessive inclusion of penal provisions in regulatory laws without much reflection. - [RETHINKING CONSTITUTIONAL REMEDIES UNDER ARTICLE 32 AND ARTICLE 226 FOR GENERATIVE AI- CAUSED FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS VIOLATIONS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/24/rethinking-constitutional-remedies-under-article-32-and-article-226-for-generative-ai-caused-fundamental-rights-violations/) - RETHINKING CONSTITUTIONAL REMEDIES UNDER ARTICLE 32 AND ARTICLE 226 FOR GENERATIVE AI- CAUSED FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS VIOLATIONS Kaveri, LL.M (Constitutional law and Administrative Law), 2nd Semester, Student at Gujarat National Law University, Silvassa (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.120 It can read faster, think faster, comprehend faster- “Gen- AI” clearly has reduced human effort, a little too much. It can read faster, think faster, comprehend faster- “Gen- AI” clearly has reduced human effort, a little too much. Gen- AI’s rise in recent times is era defining and as it goes, everything comes with its own unique challenges. To address this, Gen-AI needs to be legislated first, properly regulated. But there needs to be (initially) a practical redressal system for Fundamental Rights Violations caused by Generative AI technology. - [CROSS-BORDER INSOLVENCY UNDER THE INSOLVENCY AND BANKRUPTCY CODE, 2016 A FRAMEWORK IN PRACTICE OR A VACUUM IN DISGUISE? LESSONS FROM JET AIRWAYS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/24/cross-border-insolvency-under-the-insolvency-and-bankruptcy-code-2016-a-framework-in-practice-or-a-vacuum-in-disguise-lessons-from-jet-airways/) - CROSS-BORDER INSOLVENCY UNDER THE INSOLVENCY AND BANKRUPTCY CODE, 2016 A FRAMEWORK IN PRACTICE OR A VACUUM IN DISGUISE? LESSONS FROM JET AIRWAYS Anannya Deepak, B.A LLB (H), 10TH Semester, Student (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.115 In an increasingly globalised economy, corporate entities operate across multiple jurisdictions, rendering traditional territorial approaches to insolvency inadequate. This paper critically In an increasingly globalised economy, corporate entities operate across multiple jurisdictions, rendering traditional territorial approaches to insolvency inadequate. This paper critically examines the cross-border insolvency framework—or the lack thereof—under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (“Code” or “IBC”), with particular reference to Sections 234 and 235, which remain the sole statutory provisions addressing transnational insolvency coordination in India. - [EVALUATING CONTEMPORARY INDIAN LEGAL PEDAGOGY IN DIGITAL WORLD](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/23/evaluating-contemporary-indian-legal-pedagogy-in-digital-world/) - EVALUATING CONTEMPORARY INDIAN LEGAL PEDAGOGY IN DIGITAL WORLD Dr Sunaina, Assistant Professor of Law, Panjab University SSG Regional Centre, Hoshiarpur (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.114 Laws keep changing, technology is changing rapidly and scientific developments are taking place. In a country like India that is dedicated to the democratic setup, the rule of law and the Laws keep changing, technology is changing rapidly and scientific developments are taking place. In a country like India that is dedicated to the democratic setup, the rule of law and the ideal of welfare state, the role of legal profession and legal education are very vital. The true aim of legal education must be to bridge the gap between academic and vocation. - [CAPITAL AS A GATEWAY: THIRD-PARTY FUNDING IN COMMERCIAL DISPUTES AND ACCESS TO COMMERCIAL JUSTICE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/23/capital-as-a-gateway-third-party-funding-in-commercial-disputes-and-access-to-commercial-justice/) - CAPITAL AS A GATEWAY: THIRD-PARTY FUNDING IN COMMERCIAL DISPUTES AND ACCESS TO COMMERCIAL JUSTICE Vidhi Saxena, B.A. LL. B (Hons), 10th Semester, Student at Amity Law School, Noida (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.113 Access to justice is the utmost important key concept and a prerequisite for the effective functioning if any legal system. Although arbitration is Access to justice is the utmost important key concept and a prerequisite for the effective functioning if any legal system. Although arbitration is considered to be one of the cost-effective mechanisms, but there are several instances where the parties are not able to fund their own cases or the arbitration ends up in a heavy consolidated fee or charges. - [STRUCTURED SENTENCING VS. JUDICIAL DISCRETION: GLOBAL TRENDS AND INDIAN PRACTICE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/23/structured-sentencing-vs-judicial-discretion-global-trends-and-indian-practice/) - STRUCTURED SENTENCING VS. JUDICIAL DISCRETION: GLOBAL TRENDS AND INDIAN PRACTICE Sarthaka Kumar Rath, Research Scholar, Student at School of Law KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.112 Sentencing constitutes one of the most critical stages of criminal justice administration, reflecting the balance between legal certainty and individualized justice. Across jurisdictions, criminal Sentencing constitutes one of the most critical stages of criminal justice administration, reflecting the balance between legal certainty and individualized justice. Across jurisdictions, criminal justice systems struggle to reconcile structured sentencing frameworks, designed to ensure consistency and proportionality, with judicial discretion, which allows courts to tailor punishment according to the circumstances of each case. - [PUNISHING THE VULNERABLE: WHY INDIA’S DRUG LAWS FAIL VICTIMS OF ADDICTION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/23/punishing-the-vulnerable-why-indias-drug-laws-fail-victims-of-addiction/) - PUNISHING THE VULNERABLE: WHY INDIA’S DRUG LAWS FAIL VICTIMS OF ADDICTION Gauri Arun Bhalerao, LL.M. (Criminal Law), Student at Maharashtra National Law University, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar (India) Jyoti, LL.M. (CPGLS), Student at Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (BBAU), Lucknow (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.111 Drug addiction in India continues to be treated primarily as a criminal issue rather Drug addiction in India continues to be treated primarily as a criminal issue rather than a public health concern. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (NDPS Act) adopts a stringent and punishment-oriented approach, raising serious concerns regarding its fairness and effectiveness. - [TRIAL BY MEDIA IN INDIA: BALANCING FREE SPEECH AND THE RIGHT TO A FAIR TRIAL IN THE DIGITAL AGE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/23/trial-by-media-in-india-balancing-free-speech-and-the-right-to-a-fair-trial-in-the-digital-age/) - TRIAL BY MEDIA IN INDIA: BALANCING FREE SPEECH AND THE RIGHT TO A FAIR TRIAL IN THE DIGITAL AGE Anagha Suresh Manian, B.A. LLB, 4th Semester, Student at Asian Law College, Noida (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.110 The Indian legal system faces a serious problem because the media trial process has developed into a major challenge The Indian legal system faces a serious problem because the media trial process has developed into a major challenge which the country needs to address through its fast-moving digital and broadcast media technologies. The media and entertainment industry shows growth through its digital platforms which enable immediate and widespread distribution of information about active legal proceedings. - [DYING DECLARATION: AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/19/dying-declaration-an-international-perspective/) - DYING DECLARATION: AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE Ankit Kumar Yadav, 2nd Semester student pursuing LL.M (one year) at Central university of south Bihar (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.109 Dying declarations have a distinct and crucial place in criminal law, playing as an exception to hearsay evidence. it provides vital insights into the cause and circumstances behind a person’s Dying declarations have a distinct and crucial place in criminal law, playing as an exception to hearsay evidence. it provides vital insights into the cause and circumstances behind a person’s death, often it is becoming key evidence in cases where the victim is unavailable or can’t be called to testify. It is based on the principle that a person facing imminent death is unlikely to lie. dying declaration are recognized across worldwide., in India it is codified under the Section 26(a) Bhartiya Sakshya Adhiniyam,2023 dying declaration carry significant weight and importance, that make it more admissible and reliable. - [CYBERSECURITY REGULATIONS AND THEIR IMPACT ON FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FLOWS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/19/cybersecurity-regulations-and-their-impact-on-foreign-direct-investment-flows/) - CYBERSECURITY REGULATIONS AND THEIR IMPACT ON FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FLOWS Gunjan Madaan, LLM Student (Corporate Law), IILM University, Greater Noida (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.108 Cybersecurity has become a crucial factor in determining foreign direct investment (FDI) flows in an increasingly digitalized world economy. Governments all around the world have implemented cybersecurity laws to protect national Cybersecurity has become a crucial factor in determining foreign direct investment (FDI) flows in an increasingly digitalized world economy. Governments all around the world have implemented cybersecurity laws to protect national security, preserve data privacy, and reduce cyber threats as cross-border data flows increase and digital infrastructure becomes essential to international commercial operations. - [CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF AI IN SECURITIES MARKETS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/19/conceptual-foundations-and-legal-framework-of-ai-in-securities-markets/) - CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF AI IN SECURITIES MARKETS Kavidharani R, 10th Semester Student pursuing BALLB(Hons) course at Presidency University, Bengaluru (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.107 This paper examines the conceptual foundations and legal framework governing the use of Artificial Intelligence in Indian securities markets. It begins by analysing key AI technologies, including machine learning This paper examines the conceptual foundations and legal framework governing the use of Artificial Intelligence in Indian securities markets. It begins by analysing key AI technologies, including machine learning paradigms, algorithmic trading, high-frequency trading, arbitrage mechanisms, and robo-advisory systems, with particular attention to their technical limitations and corresponding legal implications. - [HABEAS DATA FOR THE DEAD: ADDRESSING THE JURISDICTIONAL VACUUM OF FORENSIC DIGITAL TWINS IN INTERNATIONAL LAW](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/19/habeas-data-for-the-dead-addressing-the-jurisdictional-vacuum-of-forensic-digital-twins-in-international-law/) - HABEAS DATA FOR THE DEAD: ADDRESSING THE JURISDICTIONAL VACUUM OF FORENSIC DIGITAL TWINS IN INTERNATIONAL LAW Sakshee Narayan Gore, Manikchand Pahade Law College, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.106 When a person dies in a foreign country or during an international conflict, forensic experts often use advanced 3D scanning and digital imaging to study the When a person dies in a foreign country or during an international conflict, forensic experts often use advanced 3D scanning and digital imaging to study the body. This creates a "Digital Twin" a perfect, permanent digital copy of the deceased person’s internal and external anatomy. While international laws like the Geneva Conventions and UNESCO rules are very clear about how to return the physical body to their home country, these laws say absolutely nothing about the digital data left behind. - [LAW ON EXTRADITION- BALANCING SOVEREIGNTY, JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE GLOBALISING WORLD](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/19/law-on-extradition-balancing-sovereignty-justice-and-human-rights-in-the-globalising-world/) - LAW ON EXTRADITION- BALANCING SOVEREIGNTY, JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE GLOBALISING WORLD Ritu Shukla, LLM student DSNLU (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.105 Extradition stands for the process of turning over a fugitive by one nation to another for prosecution and punishment, if found guilty. Differences in the idea of crimes across nations has led to Extradition stands for the process of turning over a fugitive by one nation to another for prosecution and punishment, if found guilty. Differences in the idea of crimes across nations has led to a question whether this difference have resulted in allowing fugitives to misuse it and evade prosecution by absconding to the nation where a particular offence is not a crime and where dual criminality is recognized? Through this paper it is being tried to explore how different jurisdictions reconcile conflicts between national interests and international obligations; how sovereign nations are balancing between their sovereignty and pursuit of global justice. - [WORKPLACE SAFETY IN INDIA: JUDICIAL FOUNDATIONS AND THE OSHWC CODE, 2020](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/19/workplace-safety-in-india-judicial-foundations-and-the-oshwc-code-2020/) - WORKPLACE SAFETY IN INDIA: JUDICIAL FOUNDATIONS AND THE OSHWC CODE, 2020 Hanishree Saravanan, 8th semester student pursuing BBA LLB(HONS) at School of Excellence in Law, Tamilnadu Dr.Ambedkar Law University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.104 The recognition of a safe workplace as a fundamental right represents a significant evolution in Indian constitutional and labour jurisprudence. Traditionally, workplace The recognition of a safe workplace as a fundamental right represents a significant evolution in Indian constitutional and labour jurisprudence. Traditionally, workplace safety in India was governed through fragmented statutory frameworks such as the Factories Act, 1948 and the Mines Act, 1952, which treated occupational safety primarily as a regulatory obligation imposed upon employers. - [THE UNACKNOWLEDGED PLIGHT: EXPLORING CHALLENGES, HARASSMENT, AND INJUSTICE FACED BY MEN IN INDIAN SOCIETY](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/19/the-unacknowledged-plight-exploring-challenges-harassment-and-injustice-faced-by-men-in-indian-society/) - THE UNACKNOWLEDGED PLIGHT: EXPLORING CHALLENGES, HARASSMENT, AND INJUSTICE FACED BY MEN IN INDIAN SOCIETY Samveg Mehta, BBA LLB(H), Semester-4, Year: 2026, Faculty of Law, GLS University, (India) Mana Shah, BBA LLB(H), Semester-4, Year: 2026, Faculty of Law, GLS University, (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.103 This chapter investigates the systemic exclusion of male victims within India’s socio-legal This chapter investigates the systemic exclusion of male victims within India’s socio-legal framework, particularly following the implementation of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023. While India has made significant strides in protecting women’s rights, legal recognition for male victims of domestic violence, sexual harassment, and false accusations remains critically deficient. - [LEGAL STATUS OF AI-GENERATED EVIDENCE IN INDIAN COURTS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/16/legal-status-of-ai-generated-evidence-in-indian-courts/) - LEGAL STATUS OF AI-GENERATED EVIDENCE IN INDIAN COURTS Vansh Srivastava, Student at Amity University, Lucknow Campus, Uttar Pradesh (India) Dr. Arvind Kumar Singh, Associate Professor at Amity University, Lucknow Campus, Uttar Pradesh (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.102 The swift progression of Artificial Intelligence has changed the character of evidence in judicial proceedings. AI-generated content, including deepfake The swift progression of Artificial Intelligence has changed the character of evidence in judicial proceedings. AI-generated content, including deepfake videos, synthetic audio, and AI-made digital content, poses serious and new challenges to the basic rules of admissibility, authenticity, and reliability of evidence. Although Indian law has been updated through the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, which formally acknowledges electronic records as evidence, it does not specifically deal with the unique problems of AI-generated content. - [GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS: TRACING TRANSCONTINENTAL TRADE ROUTES TO CONTEMPORARY REVOLUTIONS – AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF GLOBAL CHALLENGES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/16/geographical-indications-tracing-transcontinental-trade-routes-to-contemporary-revolutions-an-analytical-study-of-global-challenges/) - GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS: TRACING TRANSCONTINENTAL TRADE ROUTES TO CONTEMPORARY REVOLUTIONS – AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF GLOBAL CHALLENGES Rushikesh Suresh Belagali, LLM (IP) at Amity University Noida Uttar Pradesh (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.101 Geographical Indications (GIs) are a unique combination of trade, culture, and law that connects products to their place of origin via collective reputation and Geographical Indications (GIs) are a unique combination of trade, culture, and law that connects products to their place of origin via collective reputation and customary knowledge. This analytical study analyzes the historical growth of global interconnections (GIs) from ancient transcontinental trade routes including the Silk Route, Spice Route, and Mediterranean trade networks to their current resurrection as tools for economic fairness and cultural assertion. Historically, origin-based identifiers such as "Damask silk" and "Malabar pepper" served as informal quality labels, promoting long-distance trading. - [ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT: OPPORTUNITIES AND RISKS, MAPPING LEGAL PATHWAYS AND PROTECTING PATIENT RIGHTS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/16/artificial-intelligence-in-healthcare-management-opportunities-and-risks-mapping-legal-pathways-and-protecting-patient-rights/) - ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT: OPPORTUNITIES AND RISKS, MAPPING LEGAL PATHWAYS AND PROTECTING PATIENT RIGHTS Manoj Kumar G, Guest Faculty, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Department of Legal Studies, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur (India) Kuchalapati Suma, LLM Scholar, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Department of Legal Studies, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.100 Artificial Intelligence (AI) has Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in healthcare management, reshaping clinical decision-making, hospital administration and patient engagement, with its trajectory evolving from early expert systems such as MYCIN in the 1970s to contemporary machine learning algorithms now deployed in diagnostics and hospital operations, the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of digital health solutions, telemedicine platforms and virtual hospitals, underscoring the potential of AI-enabled systems to deliver accessible, efficient and scalable healthcare, while simultaneously raising complex legal, ethical and governance challenges that demand rigorous scholarly inquiry. - [ESTABLISHMENT AND CONSTITUTIONAL STATUS OF TOWN PANCHAYATS UNDER THE TAMIL NADU DISTRICT MUNICIPALITIES ACT, 1920: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/16/establishment-and-constitutional-status-of-town-panchayats-under-the-tamil-nadu-district-municipalities-act-1920-an-analytical-study/) - ESTABLISHMENT AND CONSTITUTIONAL STATUS OF TOWN PANCHAYATS UNDER THE TAMIL NADU DISTRICT MUNICIPALITIES ACT, 1920: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY Rohit K, II LLM, Department of Property Law, School of Excellence in Law, TNDALU (India) Dr P.Brinda, Associate Professor, The TN Dr Ambedkar Law University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.99 Town Panchayats occupy a distinctive position within India’s Town Panchayats occupy a distinctive position within India’s framework of urban local self-government, particularly in transitional areas experiencing gradual urbanisation. In Tamil Nadu, their legal and administrative foundation is primarily governed by the Tamil Nadu District Municipalities Act, 1920, which predates the constitutionalisation of urban local bodies under the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992. - [ESSAR STEEL LEGACY: JUDICIAL ENFORCEMENT OF COMMERCIAL WISDOM IN PLAN APPROVALS AMID 2026 AMENDMENTS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/16/essar-steel-legacy-judicial-enforcement-of-commercial-wisdom-in-plan-approvals-amid-2026-amendments/) - ESSAR STEEL LEGACY: JUDICIAL ENFORCEMENT OF COMMERCIAL WISDOM IN PLAN APPROVALS AMID 2026 AMENDMENTS Omkar Ashok Galatagekar, 2nd Semester Corporate Law, IT and Data Protection, Alliance University, Bangalore (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.98 This paper discusses the development and application of the doctrine of commercial wisdom within Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (IBC) with reference to This paper discusses the development and application of the doctrine of commercial wisdom within Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (IBC) with reference to a landmark case in Committee of Creditors of Essar Steel India Limited (through Authorised Signatory) v Satish Kumar Gupta & Ors, (2020) 8 SCC 531 and cases that have happened thereafter, including 2026 changes. - [INTERPLAY BETWEEN RERA AND INSOLVENCY AND BANKRUPTCY CODE IN REAL ESTATE INSOLVENCY: ANALYSIS OF POST 2025 RESOLUTIONS OF STALLED HOUSING PROJECTS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/16/interplay-between-rera-and-insolvency-and-bankruptcy-code-in-real-estate-insolvency-analysis-of-post-2025-resolutions-of-stalled-housing-projects/) - INTERPLAY BETWEEN RERA AND INSOLVENCY AND BANKRUPTCY CODE IN REAL ESTATE INSOLVENCY: ANALYSIS OF POST 2025 RESOLUTIONS OF STALLED HOUSING PROJECTS D Lokendra Reddy, 2nd semester LLM Corporate law (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.97 Stagnated housing projects are also a major issue in the Indian real estate industry that has led to economic loss and long Stagnated housing projects are also a major issue in the Indian real estate industry that has led to economic loss and long suffering of home buyers. Delays, absence of transparency, and absence of accountability among developers were some of the problems that were addressed by passing the Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016 (RERA) an Act that is specific to the sector intended to safeguard the interests of the homebuyers. - [CASE STUDY ANALYSIS ON PICHWAI PAINTINGS OF NATHDWARA: THEOPHANIC ART WHERE THE INFINITE DIVINE MANIFESTS THROUGH PHILOSOPHICAL TAPESTRY](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/16/case-study-analysis-on-pichwai-paintings-of-nathdwara-theophanic-art-where-the-infinite-divine-manifests-through-philosophical-tapestry/) - CASE STUDY ANALYSIS ON PICHWAI PAINTINGS OF NATHDWARA: THEOPHANIC ART WHERE THE INFINITE DIVINE MANIFESTS THROUGH PHILOSOPHICAL TAPESTRY Rushikesh Suresh Belagali, Student of LLM in Intellectual Property Law at Amity Law School in Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.96 Pichwai paintings of Nathdwara represent a profound confluence of art, devotion, and philosophy, Pichwai paintings of Nathdwara represent a profound confluence of art, devotion, and philosophy, embodying what may be termed theophanic art, a visual medium through which the formless divine manifests into perceptible form. Rooted in the temple traditions of Shrinathji in Nathdwara, Rajasthan, these intricate textile paintings function not merely as decorative backdrops but as sacred visual narratives that translate metaphysical concepts into tangible expression. - [THE LIFEBLOOD OF GOVERNANCE: A COMPARATIVE REGULATORY ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT IN LIBERIA AND INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/10/the-lifeblood-of-governance-a-comparative-regulatory-analysis-of-public-financial-management-in-liberia-and-india/) - THE LIFEBLOOD OF GOVERNANCE: A COMPARATIVE REGULATORY ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT IN LIBERIA AND INDIA William M. Johnson, BSc Economics & MBA Supply Chain Management, Apeejay Stya University School of Management Sciences (India) Sam Siryon, BA. LL. B Honors, Apeejay Stya University School of Legal Studies (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.95 Public finance is the Public finance is the fundamental mechanism through which governments translate political promises into tangible citizen outcomes. This article examines the critical importance of public finance in governance through comparative case studies of India and Liberia, drawing on fiscal exchange theory to analyze how digital transformation enhances state capacity. - [SEBI AND DATA GOVERNANCE: EXAMINING JURISDICTIONAL OVERLAPS UNDER INDIA’S DIGITAL PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION FRAMEWORK](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/10/sebi-and-data-governance-examining-jurisdictional-overlaps-under-indias-digital-personal-data-protection-framework/) - SEBI AND DATA GOVERNANCE: EXAMINING JURISDICTIONAL OVERLAPS UNDER INDIA’S DIGITAL PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION FRAMEWORK Rethiga Ramesh, Student, LLM in Business Law, Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University, School of Excellence in Law, Tamil Nadu, Chennai (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.94 The role of financial market authorities has changed due to the growing datafication of securities market. The role of financial market authorities has changed due to the growing datafication of securities market. The securities exchange board of India (SEBI) in India now heavily depends on the mandatory know your customer (KYC) regulations, centralized registries, transaction level surveillance, algorithmic trading oversights, and digital grievance redressal system, all of which entail the large-scale collection, processing, sharing, and retention of transactional and personal data. - [REGULATION OF SHORT SELLING AND DERIVATIVES TRADING IN INDIAN SECURITIES MARKET](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/10/regulation-of-short-selling-and-derivatives-trading-in-indian-securities-market/) - REGULATION OF SHORT SELLING AND DERIVATIVES TRADING IN INDIAN SECURITIES MARKET Karuna Raghuwanshi, LLM Student (Corporate Law), Hidayallutah National Law University, Raipur (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.93 The securities markets of India have undergone a slow but significant change in the regulation of short selling and derivatives trading, especially following the grand scale scams in the The securities markets of India have undergone a slow but significant change in the regulation of short selling and derivatives trading, especially following the grand scale scams in the market and the growing integration with international financial markets. The paper presents a critical legal and regulatory overview of the framework regulating these instruments particularly the role of the “Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)” as the overall market regulator. - [ANCIENT INDIAN LEGAL TEXT & CONSTITUTIONAL MORALITY](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/10/ancient-indian-legal-text-constitutional-morality/) - ANCIENT INDIAN LEGAL TEXT & CONSTITUTIONAL MORALITY Aryan, Research Scholar (LLM), LPU School of Law, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara (PB) (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.92 This paper tries to find an inter-relation between the ancient Indian legal text and the present-day constitutional morality. Nowadays, our country is governed by the Constitution, which is also known as This paper tries to find an inter-relation between the ancient Indian legal text and the present-day constitutional morality. Nowadays, our country is governed by the Constitution, which is also known as the grundnorm of the country, but in earlier times, that is during ancient India, there were ancient legal texts which were used to govern society and to take important decisions relating to public and private matters. - [COMPASSION WITH CONSTRAINT: A CASE COMMENT ON IN RE: “CITY HOUNDED BY STRAYS, KIDS PAY PRICE”](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/06/compassion-with-constraint-a-case-comment-on-in-re-city-hounded-by-strays-kids-pay-price/) - COMPASSION WITH CONSTRAINT: A CASE COMMENT ON IN RE: “CITY HOUNDED BY STRAYS, KIDS PAY PRICE” Sagarika Singh, Research Scholar, Dr. Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.91 The scale of dog bites in India and the transmission of deadly illness like rabies through them are the problems that appear minuscule and frequently The scale of dog bites in India and the transmission of deadly illness like rabies through them are the problems that appear minuscule and frequently disregarded, but in reality, are rather significant. However, at the same time inhumane treatment of voiceless animals such as dogs is also a matter of concern. The Supreme Court’s recent order on stray dogs attracted widespread attention from both those who supported the order and those who disagreed with the court. - [THE DEATH PENALTY IN INDIA: JUSTICE OR RETRIBUTIVE SENTIMENT](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/06/the-death-penalty-in-india-justice-or-retributive-sentiment/) - THE DEATH PENALTY IN INDIA: JUSTICE OR RETRIBUTIVE SENTIMENT Tripti Mishra, 4th year Law student, Vijaybhoomi University (India) Nandita Dubey, 3rd year Law student, Vijaybhoomi University (India) Anuradha Padhy, Associate Faculty of Law, Vijaybhoomi University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.90 The death penalty remains one of the most divisive and morally complex issues in India’s criminal The death penalty remains one of the most divisive and morally complex issues in India’s criminal justice system. This research paper critically examines whether capital punishment serves the ends of justice or merely reflects society’s retributive instincts. Although the Supreme Court in Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab (1980) upheld its constitutionality under the “rarest of rare” doctrine, the doctrine’s inconsistent application raises serious doubts about fairness and equality before the law. - [RETHINKING MENS REA & CRIMINAL LIABILITY IN THE AGE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/06/rethinking-mens-rea-criminal-liability-in-the-age-of-artificial-intelligence/) - RETHINKING MENS REA & CRIMINAL LIABILITY IN THE AGE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Swati Kumari, Student, 4th year student at Bharati Vidyapeeth (deemed to be university), New Law College, Pune (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.89 Artificial Intelligence has moved beyond being a mere technological aid and now performs functions that involve independent decision-making, often with serious real-world Artificial Intelligence has moved beyond being a mere technological aid and now performs functions that involve independent decision-making, often with serious real-world consequences. This shift raises difficult questions for penal law, particularly in relation to the requirement of mens rea. - [COMPULSORY LICENSING AND ACCESS TO GENERIC MEDICINES IN INDIA: A CRITICAL STUDY](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/06/compulsory-licensing-and-access-to-generic-medicines-in-india-a-critical-study/) - COMPULSORY LICENSING AND ACCESS TO GENERIC MEDICINES IN INDIA: A CRITICAL STUDY Vanshika Jakhar, LLM (IP) Student at Amity University Noida, Uttar Pradesh (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.88 The affordability of medications is a critical social health concern in the developing world, and India uniquely straddles the realms of pharmaceutical advancement and social welfare. India has The affordability of medications is a critical social health concern in the developing world, and India uniquely straddles the realms of pharmaceutical advancement and social welfare. India has traditionally been recognized as a source nation for the production of generic drugs and the supply of these affordable medications to both domestic and international markets. - [GLOBAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE GOVERNANCE: A COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS OF APPROACHES BY SELECT COUNTRIES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/02/global-artificial-intelligence-governance-a-comparative-legal-analysis-of-approaches-by-select-countries/) - GLOBAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE GOVERNANCE: A COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS OF APPROACHES BY SELECT COUNTRIES Arya Sudhir Nikam, LLM in International Business Law, Kings College London, England Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.87 AI has in a relatively short time turned the world economic systems, governments, and social relations inside out, providing more opportunities for innovations and, at the same AI has in a relatively short time turned the world economic systems, governments, and social relations inside out, providing more opportunities for innovations and, at the same time, introducing complicated legal, ethical, and regulatory problems. With the continued amounts of AI technologies penetrating key industries including healthcare, finance, security, and state management, governments have to grapple with the implementation of efficient governance structures that are able to provide accountability, transparency and responsible technological advancement. - [DIGITALIZATION OF ARBITRATION IN INDIA: CONSTITUTIONAL SAFEGUARDS, DUE PROCESS, AND THE RISE OF ONLINE DISPUTE RESOLUTION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/02/digitalization-of-arbitration-in-india-constitutional-safeguards-due-process-and-the-rise-of-online-dispute-resolution/) - DIGITALIZATION OF ARBITRATION IN INDIA: CONSTITUTIONAL SAFEGUARDS, DUE PROCESS, AND THE RISE OF ONLINE DISPUTE RESOLUTION Vaibhav Pandey, Student, 6th Semester pursuing BBA LL.B (Hons) at Amity Law School, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.86 In India, the digitisation of arbitration shows a major shift towards modernising how disputes are resolved through In India, the digitisation of arbitration shows a major shift towards modernising how disputes are resolved through arbitration, creating new and important questions regarding how these digital processes comply with the Constitution of India and whether they are fair. The Arbitration and Conciliation Act of 1996 has traditionally governed arbitration, but many courts now use technology to implement virtual hearings, e-filing, and Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) to administer their dispute resolution processes more quickly and efficiently, particularly as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. - [CUSTOMARY LAND RIGHTS, INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES, AND ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE: LEGAL CONFLICTS AND POTENTIAL REFORMS UNDER THE FOREST RIGHTS ACT, 2006](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/02/customary-land-rights-indigenous-communities-and-environmental-justice-legal-conflicts-and-potential-reforms-under-the-forest-rights-act-2006/) - CUSTOMARY LAND RIGHTS, INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES, AND ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE: LEGAL CONFLICTS AND POTENTIAL REFORMS UNDER THE FOREST RIGHTS ACT, 2006 Abhilasha Maurya, 3rd year, 5th semester Student at Siddhartha law collage Dehradun, Uttarakhand (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.85 Indian communities that coexist with forests have been one of the least socio-economically empowered groups and although their rights Indian communities that coexist with forests have been one of the least socio-economically empowered groups and although their rights are being acknowledged under the scheduled tribes and other traditional forest dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006, the actual implementation of the rights is still challenging. - [INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY DUE DILIGENCE: PROTECTING INNOVATION IN MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/02/intellectual-property-due-diligence-protecting-innovation-in-mergers-and-acquisitions/) - INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY DUE DILIGENCE: PROTECTING INNOVATION IN MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS Durga Sriram Sai Siddhartha, Student Pursuing 3rd year BBA LLB (hons) at Sastra Deemed University (India) Krishnamoorthi AS, Student Pursuing 3rd year BBA LLB (hons) at Sastra Deemed University (India) Manikanda Guru S, Student Pursuing 3rd year BBA LLB (hons) at Sastra Deemed University (India) The critical importance of intellectual property (IP) due diligence within mergers and acquisitions (M&A) is greatly magnified in business segments that possess high amounts of innovation along with significant intangible assets that drive value. In light of the fact that the amount of value attributed to corporate entities is increasingly comprised of the intangible asset classes of patents, trademarks, copyrights, and trade secrets, a systematic identification, valuation and protection of intangible assets are a prerequisite for successful transactions. - [COMPETITION LAW AT THE CROSSROADS: A DECADE-LONG APPRAISAL OF CCI’S ENFORCEMENT IN INDIAN DIGITAL MARKETS, 2015–2025](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/02/competition-law-at-the-crossroads-a-decade-long-appraisal-of-ccis-enforcement-in-indian-digital-markets-2015-2025/) - COMPETITION LAW AT THE CROSSROADS: A DECADE-LONG APPRAISAL OF CCI’S ENFORCEMENT IN INDIAN DIGITAL MARKETS, 2015–2025 Rajib Kumar Das, Research Fellow, Department of Law, University of Burdwan, West Bengal (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.83 This article critically examines the effectiveness of the Competition Commission of India’s (CCI) enforcement in digital markets between 2015 and 2025, a This article critically examines the effectiveness of the Competition Commission of India’s (CCI) enforcement in digital markets between 2015 and 2025, a period marked by the emergence of multi-sided platforms, data-driven market power, network effects, and rapid technological change that have amplified risks of gatekeeper dominance and consumer exploitation. - [ANTICIPATORY BAIL UNDER BNSS: SCOPE, LIMITATIONS, AND CONFLICTING JUDICIAL INTERPRETATIONS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/26/anticipatory-bail-under-bnss-scope-limitations-and-conflicting-judicial-interpretations/) - ANTICIPATORY BAIL UNDER BNSS: SCOPE, LIMITATIONS, AND CONFLICTING JUDICIAL INTERPRETATIONS Hastakshar Singh, Student, 10th Semester, BA LLB(H), Amity Law School, Amity University Lucknow (India) Dr. Axita Srivastava, Assistant Professor at Amity Law School, Amity University Lucknow (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.82 Anticipatory bail operates as a critical safeguard against arbitrary arrest and unnecessary pretrial detention, drawing Anticipatory bail operates as a critical safeguard against arbitrary arrest and unnecessary pretrial detention, drawing normative strength from Article 21 and the presumption of innocence. The enactment of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS) has re-codified criminal procedure and recast anticipatory bail through section 482, broadly retaining the structure of section 438 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 while introducing notable textual and policy shifts. - [INSIDER TRADING REGULATIONS IN INDIA AND THE UNITED STATES: A COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/26/insider-trading-regulations-in-india-and-the-united-states-a-comparative-legal-analysis/) - INSIDER TRADING REGULATIONS IN INDIA AND THE UNITED STATES: A COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS Tanishqa Kesarwani, Student, 10th Semester, BA LLB(H), Amity Law School, Amity University Lucknow (India) Dr. Axita Srivastava, Assistant Professor at Amity Law School, Amity University Lucknow (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.81 Insider trading poses a serious threat to the fairness, transparency, and integrity Insider trading poses a serious threat to the fairness, transparency, and integrity of securities markets by allowing certain market participants to exploit unpublished price sensitive or material nonpublic information for personal gain. This research paper undertakes a comparative legal analysis of insider trading regulations in India and the United States, examining their conceptual foundations, regulatory frameworks, and enforcement mechanisms. - [ONLINE PIRACY AND ARTISTIC WORKS: ANALYSING INDIA’S COPYRIGHT FRAMEWORK IN THE DIGITAL AGE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/26/online-piracy-and-artistic-works-analysing-indias-copyright-framework-in-the-digital-age/) - ONLINE PIRACY AND ARTISTIC WORKS: ANALYSING INDIA’S COPYRIGHT FRAMEWORK IN THE DIGITAL AGE Manisha Nath, LLM (IPR)/1year/2nd semester Student at Amity University Noida (India) Dr. Bhavna Batra, Assistant Professor of Law at Amity University Noida (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.80 The high growth rate of the digital technology has changed the way artwork is created, distributed The high growth rate of the digital technology has changed the way artwork is created, distributed and consumed in India. Although digital platforms have improved the accessibility and visibility of artists, they have also intensified the menace of online piracy. Photos, paintings, films, music and digital art, like other artistic works, are now easily replicated, distributed and misused without permission, resulting in significant financial loss and moral harm to artists. - [BRAND BEYOND BORDERS: LICENSING AGREEMENTS IN THE GLOBALIZATION OF FASHION BRANDS AND THE LEGAL ARCHITECTURE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ENFORCEMENT IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/26/brand-beyond-borders-licensing-agreements-in-the-globalization-of-fashion-brands-and-the-legal-architecture-of-intellectual-property-enforcement-in-india/) - BRAND BEYOND BORDERS: LICENSING AGREEMENTS IN THE GLOBALIZATION OF FASHION BRANDS AND THE LEGAL ARCHITECTURE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ENFORCEMENT IN INDIA Soumojit Mazumdar, 10th Semester Student pursuing BBALLB(H) at Techno India University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.79 The problem of globalisation of fashion brands and the use of licensing agreements makes the provision of legal regulations The problem of globalisation of fashion brands and the use of licensing agreements makes the provision of legal regulations rather complicated, particularly the Intellectual Property (IP) protection in various jurisdictions. The article examines the strategic importance of licensing arrangements for international expansion, accompanied by an analysis of the legal risks associated with cross-border IP protection, focusing specifically on the legal environment of the Indian market. - [COPYRIGHT PROTECTION IN THE MUSIC INDUSTRY: A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF RIGHTS CHALLENGES AND ENFORCEMENT IN THE DIGITAL ERA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/26/copyright-protection-in-the-music-industry-a-legal-analysis-of-rights-challenges-and-enforcement-in-the-digital-era/) - COPYRIGHT PROTECTION IN THE MUSIC INDUSTRY: A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF RIGHTS CHALLENGES AND ENFORCEMENT IN THE DIGITAL ERA Kanisha Sharma, Final semester student pursuing LLM (IPR) at Amity Law School, Noida, Uttar Pradesh (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.78 The rapid digitisation of the music industry has fundamentally altered the nature of creation, distribution, and consumption of The rapid digitisation of the music industry has fundamentally altered the nature of creation, distribution, and consumption of musical works, raising complex questions regarding the adequacy of existing copyright frameworks. This paper undertakes a critical examination of copyright protection in the Indian music industry, with particular emphasis on the challenges posed by digital platforms, streaming economies, and evolving ownership structures. - [VIRTUAL REALITY (VR) AND AUGMENTED REALITY (AR) SEXUAL EXPLOITATION: LEGAL AND ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN REGULATING ASSAULTS IN THE METAVERSE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/26/virtual-reality-vr-and-augmented-reality-ar-sexual-exploitation-legal-and-ethical-challenges-in-regulating-assaults-in-the-metaverse/) - VIRTUAL REALITY (VR) AND AUGMENTED REALITY (AR) SEXUAL EXPLOITATION: LEGAL AND ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN REGULATING ASSAULTS IN THE METAVERSE Suruchi Sharma, B.A.LLB (Hons) 8th Semester, Mangalayatan University Jabalpur (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.77 The rapid evolution of immersive technologies of Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality has transformed digital interactions, giving rise to the concept of the The rapid evolution of immersive technologies of Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality has transformed digital interactions, giving rise to the concept of the metaverse. While this technology offers unprecedented opportunities for socialisation, education and commerce, they have simultaneously created new avenues for sexual assault and exploitation. Incidents of non-consensual virtual groping, child grooming and sexual simulation facilitated through haptic devices highlight the pressing need to address these harms. - [FEAR OF DIGITAL FRAUD: A COMPARISON BETWEEN PERCEIVED EASE OF USE AND ACTUAL ADOPTION IN RURAL UTTAR PRADESH](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/26/fear-of-digital-fraud-a-comparison-between-perceived-ease-of-use-and-actual-adoption-in-rural-uttar-pradesh/) - This paper examines whether perceived ease of use in digital payment systems actually translates into meaningful and sustained adoption in rural Uttar Pradesh.. - [THE GHOST IN THE CODE: EVALUATING THE EXTRATERRITORIAL REACH OF THE IBC AND THE JUDICIAL VACUUM IN CROSS-BORDER INSOLVENCY RESOLUTION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/23/the-ghost-in-the-code-evaluating-the-extraterritorial-reach-of-the-ibc-and-the-judicial-vacuum-in-cross-border-insolvency-resolution/) - THE GHOST IN THE CODE: EVALUATING THE EXTRATERRITORIAL REACH OF THE IBC AND THE JUDICIAL VACUUM IN CROSS-BORDER INSOLVENCY RESOLUTION Kriti Kumari, B.A.LL.B.(H), 8th semester, Student at Amity University, Jharkhand (India) Tahura Wasif, B.A.LL.B.(H), 8th semester, Student at Amity University, Jharkhand (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.75 The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 encodes within its text The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 encodes within its text two provisions for cross-border insolvency cooperation, Sections 234 and 235, yet both remain functionally dormant: no bilateral treaty has been concluded under Section 234 as of 2026, and India has not adopted the UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency (1997). - [MOB LYNCHING AND CRIMINAL LIABILITY: A CRITICAL LEGAL ANALYSIS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/23/mob-lynching-and-criminal-liability-a-critical-legal-analysis/) - MOB LYNCHING AND CRIMINAL LIABILITY: A CRITICAL LEGAL ANALYSIS Aujlaan Hamid, LLM, Scholar at University of Kashmir (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.74 Mob lynching has emerged as one of the most disturbing manifestations of collective violence in contemporary societies. It refers to acts of violence committed by a group of individuals against a person suspected of Mob lynching has emerged as one of the most disturbing manifestations of collective violence in contemporary societies. It refers to acts of violence committed by a group of individuals against a person suspected of wrongdoing without lawful authority or judicial sanction. Such incidents often arise from rumours, communal tensions, or identity-based prejudice and frequently result in severe injury or death. - [THE CLASSIFICATORY CRISIS IN ADOLESCENT JURISPRUDENCE: CONSENT, CULPABILITY AND AGENCY IN INDIAN LAW](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/22/the-classificatory-crisis-in-adolescent-jurisprudence-consent-culpability-and-agency-in-indian-law/) - THE CLASSIFICATORY CRISIS IN ADOLESCENT JURISPRUDENCE: CONSENT, CULPABILITY AND AGENCY IN INDIAN LAW Dr. Prabodh Kumar Garg, Assistant Professor, Faculty of law, Shia PG College, Lucknow (India) Chhaya Singh, Research Scholar, faculty of law, University of Lucknow (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.73 The adolescent in Indian law is a paradox, a person defined not by their The adolescent in Indian law is a paradox, a person defined not by their own evolving mind but by the state’s contradictory demands. This paper argues that India’s legal framework is trapped in a fundamental classificatory crisis which can be understood as juridical ‘three-body problem’. - [FROM COMPLIANCE TO ALGORITHMIC GOVERNANCE: THE FUTURE OF AI-DRIVEN CORPORATE REGULATION UNDER INDIAN COMPANY LAW](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/22/from-compliance-to-algorithmic-governance-the-future-of-ai-driven-corporate-regulation-under-indian-company-law/) - FROM COMPLIANCE TO ALGORITHMIC GOVERNANCE: THE FUTURE OF AI-DRIVEN CORPORATE REGULATION UNDER INDIAN COMPANY LAW Amritanshu Upadhyay, BBA LL.B (Hons), 6th Semester, Student at Amity Law School, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.72 The rapidly advancing integration of artificial intelligence into corporate decision-making processes offers both transformative opportunities and fundamental regulatory challenges The rapidly advancing integration of artificial intelligence into corporate decision-making processes offers both transformative opportunities and fundamental regulatory challenges to the existing company law framework in India. While existing literature has largely focused on questions of legal personhood and its implications on corporate liability, a far more critical and pertinent concern has received limited attention: how existing architecture for corporate compliance under the Companies Act, 2013, can be reconceptualized to accommodate, regulate, and hold accountable AI-driven systems of corporate governance that already exist across Indian corporations. - [A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EDUCATIONAL POLICIES BETWEEN US AND INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/22/a-comparative-study-of-educational-policies-between-us-and-india/) - A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EDUCATIONAL POLICIES BETWEEN US AND INDIA Akhilesh Nilkanth Kulkarni, LLM Student (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.71 This study undertakes a comparative analysis of educational policies in the United States and India, two major democratic nations with distinct socio-economic, cultural, and institutional frameworks. The research problem centers on understanding how differing policy structures, This study undertakes a comparative analysis of educational policies in the United States and India, two major democratic nations with distinct socio-economic, cultural, and institutional frameworks. The research problem centers on understanding how differing policy structures, governance models, and implementation mechanisms influence educational outcomes, particularly in terms of access, quality, equity, and innovation. - [INVISIBLE WITHIN BORDERS: THE LEGAL VACUUM OF REHABILITATION RIGHTS FOR INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/22/invisible-within-borders-the-legal-vacuum-of-rehabilitation-rights-for-internally-displaced-persons-in-india/) - INVISIBLE WITHIN BORDERS: THE LEGAL VACUUM OF REHABILITATION RIGHTS FOR INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS IN INDIA Febin P, LL.M. Student at National Law Institute University, Bhopal (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.70 There is already extensive literature on internal displacement in India, yet this paper surveys all forms of forced relocation conflict, communal violence, development projects, and natural There is already extensive literature on internal displacement in India, yet this paper surveys all forms of forced relocation conflict, communal violence, development projects, and natural calamities to expose gaps in existing law and missing protections. It examines constitutional guarantees under Articles 14, 15, 19, and 21 alongside the Disaster Management Act 2005, the Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act 2013, and the National Policy on Resettlement and Rehabilitation 2007, demonstrating that definitions remain vague, entitlements unclear, and implementation inconsistent. - [CASE ANALYSIS: KARNAIL SINGH AND ANOTHER V. DARSHAN SINGH AND OTHERS (1995) SUPP (2) SCC 281 (SC)](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/22/case-analysis-karnail-singh-and-another-v-darshan-singh-and-others-1995-supp-2-scc-281-sc/) - CASE ANALYSIS: KARNAIL SINGH AND ANOTHER V. DARSHAN SINGH AND OTHERS (1995) SUPP (2) SCC 281 (SC) Senthamizh Vijayakumar, 3rd Year, Student at VIT School of law (India) Satvik Keyan, 3rd Year, Student at VIT School of law (India) Dr.Saji Sivan S, Associate Professor at VIT School of law (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.69 The case The case of Karnail Singh and Another v. Darshan Singh and Others (1995) relates to the powers of the State Government in reorganizing and amalgamating the Gram Sabhas as per the Punjab Gram Panchayat Act, 1952. The case arose when the Haryana Government issued a notification for the amalgamation of two Gram Sabhas as a single unit for administrative purposes in the district of Kurukshetra. - [REVISITING ARBITRABILITY IN COMPETITION LAW: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AND THE INDIAN DILEMMA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/18/revisiting-arbitrability-in-competition-law-a-comparative-analysis-and-the-indian-dilemma/) - The question of whether competition law disputes can be resolved through arbitration has long been a subject of debate. Traditionally, such disputes have been.. - [AUTHORSHIP ISSUE IN INDIAN COPYRIGHT LAW FOR WORKS CREATED BY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/17/authorship-issue-in-indian-copyright-law-for-works-created-by-artificial-intelligence/) - AUTHORSHIP ISSUE IN INDIAN COPYRIGHT LAW FOR WORKS CREATED BY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Harini V. S, IV-year B.B.A LL. B (Hons), Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University, School of Excellence in Law, Chennai (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.67 Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly participating in creative processes such as writing, music composition, and visual art production, raising Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly participating in creative processes such as writing, music composition, and visual art production, raising complex questions for copyright law worldwide. In India, the Copyright Act, 1957 is premised on a human-centric understanding of authorship, reflecting the traditional assumption that creativity originates from natural persons. - [CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND CORPORATE ACCOUNTABILITY IN INDIA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS UNDER THE COMPANIES ACT 2013](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/17/corporate-governance-and-corporate-accountability-in-india-a-critical-analysis-under-the-companies-act-2013/) - CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND CORPORATE ACCOUNTABILITY IN INDIA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS UNDER THE COMPANIES ACT 2013 Aleena. B. Alex, LLM (Business Law), 2nd Semester Student at Amity Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, Amity University (Noida) (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.66 The role of corporate governance in ensuring transparency, accountability and responsible management of corporations is an extremely The role of corporate governance in ensuring transparency, accountability and responsible management of corporations is an extremely important one. Corporate Governance consists of the whole system of rules, practices and processes by which a company is directed and controlled. The idea behind effective corporate governance is to protect the interests of shareholders and all stakeholders, as well as to encourage ethical behavior in the business community. - [CASE ANALYSIS: VIKAS KISHANRAO GAWALI V. STATE OF MAHARASHTRA (2021) 6 SCC 73](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/17/case-analysis-vikas-kishanrao-gawali-v-state-of-maharashtra-2021-6-scc-73/) - CASE ANALYSIS: VIKAS KISHANRAO GAWALI V. STATE OF MAHARASHTRA (2021) 6 SCC 73 S. Akash, B.B.A.LLB/3rd year/6th semester Student at VIT School of Law, VIT Chennai (India) Mukeshwaran, B.B.A.LLB/3rd year/6th semester Student at VIT School of Law, VIT Chennai (India) Dr. Saji Sivan S, Assistant professor, VIT School of Law, VIT Chennai (India) Download Manuscript The decision in Vikas Kishanrao Gawali v. State of Maharashtra represents a significant development in the constitutional jurisprudence relating to political reservations in local self-government institutions in India. The litigation arose from a challenge to the constitutional validity of the reservation framework for Other Backward Classes (OBCs) in local bodies in Maharashtra, particularly the operation of Section 12(2)(c) of the Maharashtra Zilla Parishads and Panchayat Samitis Act, 1961, which enabled reservation for backward classes in such institutions. - [CRIMINALIZATION OF MARITAL RAPE IN INDIA: A CONSTITUTIONAL AND HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/17/criminalization-of-marital-rape-in-india-a-constitutional-and-human-rights-perspective/) - CRIMINALIZATION OF MARITAL RAPE IN INDIA: A CONSTITUTIONAL AND HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE Shashwat Gupta, B.A. LL. B (Hons), Guru Govind Singh Indraprastha University (India) Saurav Sanjay, B.B.A LL. B (Hons), Guru Govind Singh Indraprastha University (India) Megha Prabhakar, B.B.A LL. B (Hons), Guru Govind Singh Indraprastha University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.64 Still stuck from British Still stuck from British times, India lets married men escape rape charges if their wife is above eighteen. Section 63, Exception 2 in the new Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 keeps this rule alive. Marriage doesn’t mean surrendering control over one’s body. That idea clashes with what the Constitution promises - fair treatment under Article 14 and personal freedom under Article 21. - [THE CLEAN SLATE IN A CONTAMINATED ESTATE: RESOLVING THE STRUCTURAL CONFLICT BETWEEN SECTION 32A OF THE INSOLVENCY AND BANKRUPTCY CODE AND THE ENFORCEMENT DIRECTORATE’S ATTACHMENT POWERS UNDER THE PREVENTION OF MONEY LAUNDERING ACT](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/17/the-clean-slate-in-a-contaminated-estate-resolving-the-structural-conflict-between-section-32a-of-the-insolvency-and-bankruptcy-code-and-the-enforcement-directorates-attachment-powers-under/) - THE CLEAN SLATE IN A CONTAMINATED ESTATE: RESOLVING THE STRUCTURAL CONFLICT BETWEEN SECTION 32A OF THE INSOLVENCY AND BANKRUPTCY CODE AND THE ENFORCEMENT DIRECTORATE’S ATTACHMENT POWERS UNDER THE PREVENTION OF MONEY LAUNDERING ACT Tahura Wasif, Student, 8th semester, B.A.LL.B (H) at Amity University Jharkhand (India) Kriti Kumari, Student, 8th semester, B.A.LL.B (H) at Amity University The insertion of Section 32A into the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) established the “Clean Slate” doctrine, aiming to immunize successfully resolved corporate debtors from prior criminal liabilities. However, this commercial imperative frequently collides with the Enforcement Directorate’s (ED) independent mandate to attach “proceeds of crime” under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA). - [STRENGTHENING COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMENT: APPLYING CHINA’S 2025 ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING REFORMS TO PAKISTAN’S FINTECH REGULATION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/13/strengthening-compliance-and-enforcement-applying-chinas-2025-anti-money-laundering-reforms-to-pakistans-fintech-regulation/) - STRENGTHENING COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMENT: APPLYING CHINA’S 2025 ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING REFORMS TO PAKISTAN’S FINTECH REGULATION Wafee Salam Ahmad, LL.M. Candidate in International Commercial Law, Southwest University of Political Science and Law (SWUPL) Chongqing, China, Advocate, Punjab Bar Council, Pakistan Nasser Abdrabou Peter, LL.M. Candidate in International Commercial Law, Southwest University of Political Science and Law (SWUPL), Money laundering remains a significant threat to global financial systems, national security, and economic stability. With the rapid development of financial technology (fintech), existing anti-money laundering (AML) frameworks face growing limitations. China’s 2025 Anti-Money Laundering Law introduces substantial regulatory innovations by formally integrating fintech platforms and virtual asset service providers (VASPs) into the AML compliance regime, strengthening supervisory powers, and enhancing transparency through mechanisms such as beneficial ownership identification and technology-driven monitoring. - [MEDIA AND ENTERTAINMENT UNDER THE LENS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES AND THE NEED OF REGULATORY REFORMS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/13/media-and-entertainment-under-the-lens-of-intellectual-property-issues-and-challenges-and-the-need-of-regulatory-reforms/) - MEDIA AND ENTERTAINMENT UNDER THE LENS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES AND THE NEED OF REGULATORY REFORMS Ananya Yadav, LLM Student (Intellectual Property) Student at Christ Deemed to be University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.61 Intellectual Property Rights serve as the backbone of the media and entertainment sector, protecting creative works and rewarding innovation. In Intellectual Property Rights serve as the backbone of the media and entertainment sector, protecting creative works and rewarding innovation. In the digital age characterized by rapid technological change, globalization, and an explosion of online content the effective enforcement and evolution of IPR have become increasingly complex yet essential. - [COMMUNITY SERVICE AS A PUNISHMENT UNDER THE BHARATIYA NYAYA SANHITA, 2023: A STEP TOWARD REFORMATIVE SENTENCING IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/13/community-service-as-a-punishment-under-the-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-2023-a-step-toward-reformative-sentencing-in-india/) - COMMUNITY SERVICE AS A PUNISHMENT UNDER THE BHARATIYA NYAYA SANHITA, 2023: A STEP TOWARD REFORMATIVE SENTENCING IN INDIA Muskan Singh, Sem 6th Student (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.60 The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 introduces community service as a formal sentencing option in Indian criminal law, marking a cautious but meaningful transition from a predominantly incarceration-oriented system The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 introduces community service as a formal sentencing option in Indian criminal law, marking a cautious but meaningful transition from a predominantly incarceration-oriented system toward a more reformative and restorative framework. Traditionally, the Indian penal structure has relied heavily on imprisonment and monetary penalties, particularly in cases involving minor offences. - [THE E-RUPEE: A ROADMAP FOR INDIA’S DIGITAL CURRENCY](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/13/the-e-rupee-a-roadmap-for-indias-digital-currency/) - THE E-RUPEE: A ROADMAP FOR INDIA’S DIGITAL CURRENCY Asif Pasha A B, Student, LL.M., School of Law, CHRIST (Deemed to be University) (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.59 The introduction of the e-Rupee, India’s proposed Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) issued by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), represents a significant milestone in the evolution of sovereign The introduction of the e-Rupee, India’s proposed Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) issued by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), represents a significant milestone in the evolution of sovereign digital money. As economies across the world increasingly move toward digital financial systems, CBDCs have emerged as a state-backed alternative to private cryptocurrencies and existing electronic payment mechanisms. - [BEYOND THE FINAL FRONTIER: NAVIGATING THE LEGAL COSMOS OF OUTER SPACE REGULATION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/09/beyond-the-final-frontier-navigating-the-legal-cosmos-of-outer-space-regulation-2/) - BEYOND THE FINAL FRONTIER: NAVIGATING THE LEGAL COSMOS OF OUTER SPACE REGULATION Ria Singh, 10th Semester Student at Amity Law School, Lucknow Campus (India) Dr. Arvind Kumar Singh, Associate Professor at Amity Law School, Lucknow Campus (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.57 This research examines how the existing international space law regime responds to the rapid expansion This research examines how the existing international space law regime responds to the rapid expansion of commercial, strategic and dual use activities in outer space. It analyses the constitutional role of the United Nations space treaties, especially the Outer Space Treaty, and shows how soft law, UN practice and domestic legislation now carry much of the regulatory burden in areas like resource utilisation, space security and sustainability. - [DEEPFAKE TECHNOLOGY, CYBERSTALKING, AND ONLINE HARASSMENT- A GENDERED ANALYSIS OF CYBERCRIME AND VICTIM PROTECTION MECHANISMS IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/09/deepfake-technology-cyberstalking-and-online-harassment-a-gendered-analysis-of-cybercrime-and-victim-protection-mechanisms-in-india/) - DEEPFAKE TECHNOLOGY, CYBERSTALKING, AND ONLINE HARASSMENT- A GENDERED ANALYSIS OF CYBERCRIME AND VICTIM PROTECTION MECHANISMS IN INDIA Aditi Singh Bhadauria, LLB 3rd year (6th semester) Student at Amity Law School, Lucknow Campus (India) Dr. Rajeev Kumar Singh, Assistant Professor of Law (Sr. Grade), Amity Law School Lucknow (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.56 This paper examines how This paper examines how artificial intelligence enabled deepfakes, cyberstalking, and online harassment operate as gendered cybercrimes in India and how existing victim protection mechanisms perform in practice. It maps the production and circulation pathways of synthetic audio visual content, the tactics of surveillance, impersonation, doxxing, and threats, and the platform dynamics that accelerate harm through anonymity, virality, and algorithmic reinforcement. - [THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/09/the-juvenile-justice-system-in-india/) - THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM IN INDIA Pragati Kumari, LL.B./3rd Year/6th Semester Student at Amity Law School, Lucknow Campus (India) Astha Srivastava, Assistant Professor at Amity Law School, Lucknow Campus (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.58 The juvenile justice system in India now rests on a unified child rights framework that treats all persons below eighteen as children The juvenile justice system in India now rests on a unified child rights framework that treats all persons below eighteen as children and distinguishes carefully between children in conflict with law and children in need of care and protection. The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015, aligned with UNCRC standards, embeds principles of best interests, rehabilitation, diversion and institutionalisation as a measure of last resort, while the new criminal codes on substantive offences, procedure and evidence operate around this special regime. - [THE DARK SIDE OF AI: CRYPTOCURRENCY AND CYBERCRIME: REGULATORY GAPS IN DIGITAL ASSET TRACING](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/09/the-dark-side-of-ai-cryptocurrency-and-cybercrime-regulatory-gaps-in-digital-asset-tracing/) - THE DARK SIDE OF AI: CRYPTOCURRENCY AND CYBERCRIME: REGULATORY GAPS IN DIGITAL ASSET TRACING Vishwajeet Singh, LLB 3rd year (6th semester) Student at Amity Law School, Lucknow Campus (India) Dr. Mudra Singh, Assistant Professor at Amity Law School, Lucknow Campus (India). Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.55 This paper examines how artificial intelligence is reshaping cryptocurrency-enabled cybercrime and This paper examines how artificial intelligence is reshaping cryptocurrency-enabled cybercrime and why Indian regulatory architecture still struggles to trace, freeze, and prosecute virtual digital asset flows at speed. It maps the modern crime stack, from AI-assisted phishing and social engineering to ransomware, pig butchering, mixer use, and cross-chain laundering. - [INTERMEDIARY LIABILITY IN INDIA POST 2021 RULES: A CONSTITUTIONAL BALANCE OF FREE SPEECH AND REGULATORY ACCOUNTABILITY](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/09/intermediary-liability-in-india-post-2021-rules-a-constitutional-balance-of-free-speech-and-regulatory-accountability/) - INTERMEDIARY LIABILITY IN INDIA POST 2021 RULES: A CONSTITUTIONAL BALANCE OF FREE SPEECH AND REGULATORY ACCOUNTABILITY Madhumitha Gopinath, Author is an Advocate at Bar Council of Tamilnadu and Puducherry, (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.54 The rapid expansion of digital communication platforms has significantly transformed democratic discourse in India, raising complex regulatory and constitutional questions regarding the The rapid expansion of digital communication platforms has significantly transformed democratic discourse in India, raising complex regulatory and constitutional questions regarding the liability of online intermediaries. Public expression is now increasingly mediated through digital intermediaries, particularly social media platforms, which has generated complex legal and constitutional questions regarding their regulation. An original protection of intermediaries under the Information Technology Act, 2000, Section 79, although conditional, was the protection of the so-called safe harbour by intermediaries. - [LAWS TO CURB CRIMES AGAINST WOMEN IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/09/laws-to-curb-crimes-against-women-in-india/) - LAWS TO CURB CRIMES AGAINST WOMEN IN INDIA Vanshika, 10th semester B.A.LL.B (H) Student at Amity Law School, Lucknow Campus (India) Dr. Srijan Mishra, Assistant Professor at Amity Law School, Lucknow Campus (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.53 Crimes against women are still a serious social and legal issue in India and a serious human rights violation. Crimes against women are still a serious social and legal issue in India and a serious human rights violation. Despite constitutional guarantees of fairness, respect, and personal freedom, women are subjected to a wide range of forms of brutality, involving domestic abuse, sexual assaults, harassment, cruelty related to dowries, trafficking in persons, and cybercrimes. The Indian legal system has created a comprehensive structure that includes judicial interventions, special laws, punitive measures, and constitutional safeguards in response to these enduring issues. - [RESTORING JUSTICE THROUGH COMMUNITY SERVICE UNDER CRIMINAL LAWS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INDIA AND SOUTH AFRICA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/09/restoring-justice-through-community-service-under-criminal-laws-a-comparative-analysis-of-india-and-south-africa/) - RESTORING JUSTICE THROUGH COMMUNITY SERVICE UNDER CRIMINAL LAWS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INDIA AND SOUTH AFRICA Arya Raj, 3rd Year B.A. LLB Student at CHRIST (Deemed to be University) (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.52 This doctrinal research paper undertakes a comparative analysis of community service as a restorative sentencing mechanism in the criminal justice systems of This doctrinal research paper undertakes a comparative analysis of community service as a restorative sentencing mechanism in the criminal justice systems of India and South Africa. The study examines the legal foundations, institutional frameworks, and practical implementation of community service as a non-custodial sanction designed to reconcile punitive justice with rehabilitative and restorative objectives. Using a doctrinal research methodology, the paper analyses constitutional provisions, statutory frameworks, and judicial decisions from both jurisdictions, along with relevant academic literature and policy reports. - [CASE COMMENT: SULTHAN SAID IBRAHIM v. PRAKASAN & ORS., 2025 INSC 767](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/09/case-comment-sulthan-said-ibrahim-v-prakasan-ors-2025-insc-767/) - CASE COMMENT: SULTHAN SAID IBRAHIM v. PRAKASAN & ORS., 2025 INSC 767 Saatvik, VI Semester Student pursuing BBA LLB (H.) at Vivekananda School of Law & Legal Studies, VIPS (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.51 This case comment analyses the decision of the Supreme Court of India in Sulthan Said Ibrahim v. Prakasan & Ors., 2025 INSC This case comment analyses the decision of the Supreme Court of India in Sulthan Said Ibrahim v. Prakasan & Ors., 2025 INSC 767, which addresses significant procedural questions concerning impleadment of parties, the doctrine of res judicata, and the consequences of decrees for specific performance. The dispute arose from a suit seeking specific performance of an agreement to sell immovable property. - [PLATFORM LIABILITY AND DEEPFAKE PORNOGRAPHY: ARE INDIA’S INTERMEDIARY RULES FIT FOR THE AI AGE?](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/09/platform-liability-and-deepfake-pornography-are-indias-intermediary-rules-fit-for-the-ai-age/) - PLATFORM LIABILITY AND DEEPFAKE PORNOGRAPHY: ARE INDIA’S INTERMEDIARY RULES FIT FOR THE AI AGE? Saloni Shashank Patil, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj University, Panvel, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Satya Prakash Mishra, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj University, Panvel, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.50 The advent of deepfake pornography significantly changes the way digital sexual abuse can be The advent of deepfake pornography significantly changes the way digital sexual abuse can be carried out. Deepfake pornography is a method of identity distortion and a violation of the individuals’ dignity, privacy, and sexual autonomy rights, which are protected by Article 21 of the Indian Constitution. - [COMPETITION LAW IN DIGITAL ECONOMY](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/09/competition-law-in-digital-economy/) - COMPETITION LAW IN DIGITAL ECONOMY Divyanshi, VIII semester student/ BA-LLB, Student at Symbiosis Law School, Hyderabad (India) Prakriti Raghuvanshi, VIII semester student/ BA-LLB, Student at Symbiosis Law School, Hyderabad (India). Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.49 India’s digital economy has rapidly transformed market structures, creating new opportunities while simultaneously raising complex competition law concerns. The Competition Act, 2002, India’s digital economy has rapidly transformed market structures, creating new opportunities while simultaneously raising complex competition law concerns. The Competition Act, 2002, originally designed for traditional industries, does not fully account for digital market characteristics such as network effects, platform ecosystems, and data-driven algorithms. - [JUDGEMENT COMMENT: SUPRIYO CHAKRABORTY & ANR V. UOI](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/06/judgement-comment-supriyo-chakraborty-anr-v-uoi/) - JUDGEMENT COMMENT: SUPRIYO CHAKRABORTY & ANR V. UOI Saanjh Inuganti, Third Year B.A.LL. B student of Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Navi Mumbai (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.48 The present article critically examines the landmark decision of the Supreme Court of India in Supriyo Chakraborty & Anr v. Union of India (2023), which addressed the The present article critically examines the landmark decision of the Supreme Court of India in Supriyo Chakraborty & Anr v. Union of India (2023), which addressed the question of legal recognition of same-sex marriages in India. The case arose from petitions filed by several same-sex couples seeking recognition of their unions under existing statutory frameworks, particularly the Special Marriage Act, 1954, the Foreign Marriage Act, 1969, and the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955. - [ADMONITION AND NON-CUSTODIAL SENTENCING IN INDIA AFTER THE NEW CRIMINAL LAWS - CONTINUITY, REFORM AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/06/admonition-and-non-custodial-sentencing-in-india-after-the-new-criminal-laws-continuity-reform-and-future-directions/) - ADMONITION AND NON-CUSTODIAL SENTENCING IN INDIA AFTER THE NEW CRIMINAL LAWS - CONTINUITY, REFORM AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS Swetketu Das, Asst. Professor, School of Legal Studies, The Neotia University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.47 The transition from the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC) to the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS) marks a significant moment in The transition from the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC) to the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS) marks a significant moment in India’s criminal justice reform. Yet, while procedural architecture has evolved, the foundational philosophy of non-custodial sentencing, particularly release after admonition and probation remains substantially rooted in the Probation of Offenders Act 1958 (POA). - [ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS: LEGAL AND ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/05/artificial-intelligence-and-intellectual-property-rights-legal-and-ethical-implications/) - ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS: LEGAL AND ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS Nilisha Gupta, B.A L.L.B 3rd year 6th Semester at GLA University, Mathura (India) Shweta Singh, B.Com L.L.B 3rd year 6th Semester at GLA University, Mathura (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.46 Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the landscape of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), raising fundamental questions regarding Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the landscape of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), raising fundamental questions regarding ownership, inventorship, and the adequacy of existing legal frameworks. Intellectual property rights have traditionally been designed to protect human creativity and innovation, ensuring economic benefits and incentivizing further research and development. - [A STUDY ON ECONOMIC COSTS OF OVER-INCARCERATION IN INDIA: A MULTI-DIMENSIONAL APPROACH](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/04/a-study-on-economic-costs-of-over-incarceration-in-india-a-multi-dimensional-approach/) - A STUDY ON ECONOMIC COSTS OF OVER-INCARCERATION IN INDIA: A MULTI-DIMENSIONAL APPROACH Tejasviya.R, Undergraduate Law Student, II year – B.C.A LL.B(Hons.), School of Excellence in Law, The Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University, Chennai (India) Dr. M.D Chinnu, Assistant. Professor, Dept. of Economics, School of Excellence in Law, The Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University, This study examines over-incarceration not merely as a criminal justice concern but as a significant economic issue affecting the nation at large. It analyses the direct and hidden economic costs imposed on the State’s exchequer, including infrastructure, administrative, medical, and opportunity costs. The research adopts a mixed methodology combining doctrinal analysis with empirical (non-doctrinal) research based on stratified random sampling of 135 respondents. - [LGBTQ COMMUNITY IN INDIA A SOCIO-LEGAL ISSUE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/05/lgbtq-community-in-india-a-socio-legal-issue/) - LGBTQ COMMUNITY IN INDIA A SOCIO-LEGAL ISSUE Yashasvi Khattry, BA.LLB (H) /5th year/Semester 10th Student at Amity Law School Lucknow (India) Dr. Rohit Kumar Shukla, Assistant Professor at Amity Law School Lucknow (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.43 This research paper examines the position of the LGBTQ community in India as a socio legal issue, with a This research paper examines the position of the LGBTQ community in India as a socio legal issue, with a specific focus on constitutional guarantees, judicial developments and gaps in public policy. It traces the journey from colonial criminalisation under Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code to the recognition of sexual orientation and gender identity as protected facets of dignity, privacy and equality under Articles 14, 15, 19 and 21. - [SHADOW DIRECTORS AND DE FACTO CONTROL OF INDIAN CORPORATE GROUPS: RE-EVALUATING ACCOUNTABILITY IN THE COMPANIES ACT, 2013](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/05/shadow-directors-and-de-facto-control-of-indian-corporate-groups-re-evaluating-accountability-in-the-companies-act-2013/) - SHADOW DIRECTORS AND DE FACTO CONTROL OF INDIAN CORPORATE GROUPS: RE-EVALUATING ACCOUNTABILITY IN THE COMPANIES ACT, 2013 Danny Varghese, LL.M (Business Law), Amity University, Noida (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.44 The concept of shadow directors fills a vital yet underdeveloped place in corporate governance jurisprudence. In certain countries, including the United Kingdom, shadow directorship has been The concept of shadow directors fills a vital yet underdeveloped place in corporate governance jurisprudence. In certain countries, including the United Kingdom, shadow directorship has been recognised in statute as a tool to hold persons actually in real influence or control over the board of a company liable, even though the person is not formally appointed to the board. Indian Company law under Companies Act, 2013, in its turn, does not give a detailed statutory definition of shadow directors, or de facto control in corporate groups. - [UNIVERSITY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY POLICIES IN TRANSITION: LESSONS FROM THE BAYH-DOLE ACT AND THE CASE FOR A COMPREHENSIVE INDIAN FRAMEWORK](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/05/university-intellectual-property-policies-in-transition-lessons-from-the-bayh-dole-act-and-the-case-for-a-comprehensive-indian-framework/) - UNIVERSITY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY POLICIES IN TRANSITION: LESSONS FROM THE BAYH-DOLE ACT AND THE CASE FOR A COMPREHENSIVE INDIAN FRAMEWORK Mohan Kumar N, LLM Student, School of Law, Christ (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.45 This research paper examines the critical relationship between university intellectual property (IP) policies and innovation outputs, with particular This research paper examines the critical relationship between university intellectual property (IP) policies and innovation outputs, with particular focus on the Indian higher education and research landscape. It investigates how statutory frameworks, judicial interpretations, and institutional policies collectively shape ownership, commercialization, and benefit-sharing of academic innovations. - [AGENTIC ALGORITHMS AND ANTITRUST: RETHINKING COLLUSION IN THE AGE OF AUTONOMOUS AI](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/04/agentic-algorithms-and-antitrust-rethinking-collusion-in-the-age-of-autonomous-ai/) - AGENTIC ALGORITHMS AND ANTITRUST: RETHINKING COLLUSION IN THE AGE OF AUTONOMOUS AI Rishabh Sisodiya, 4th Year Student at National Law Institute University, Bhopal (India) Ayush Agrawal, 4th Year Student at National Law Institute University, Bhopal (India) Adarsh Jain, 4th Year Student at National Law Institute University, Bhopal (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.41 The proliferation of agentic The proliferation of agentic artificial intelligence in digital markets presents an unprecedented challenge to established competition law frameworks. Unlike conventional pricing software, agentic AI systems powered by deep reinforcement learning and Q-learning autonomously observe market conditions, adapt strategies, and converge on supra-competitive equilibria without any explicit human instruction or inter-firm communication. - [OFFENCES RELATING TO MARRIAGE IN INDIA: A DOCTRINAL AND SOCIO-LEGAL ANALYSIS OF STATUTORY FRAMEWORK AND JUDICIAL TRENDS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/04/offences-relating-to-marriage-in-india-a-doctrinal-and-socio-legal-analysis-of-statutory-framework-and-judicial-trends/) - OFFENCES RELATING TO MARRIAGE IN INDIA: A DOCTRINAL AND SOCIO-LEGAL ANALYSIS OF STATUTORY FRAMEWORK AND JUDICIAL TRENDS Ishita Singh, BA.LL.B (hons)/5th year/10th semester Student at Amity University Lucknow Campus (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.40 This study examines the doctrinal and socio-legal framework governing offences relating to marriage in India, with particular focus on the statutory consolidation This study examines the doctrinal and socio-legal framework governing offences relating to marriage in India, with particular focus on the statutory consolidation introduced by the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 and its interaction with procedural and evidentiary regimes. Marriage is analysed not merely as a personal or cultural institution but as a legally regulated status that generates enforceable rights and corresponding vulnerabilities. - [BEYOND THE BINARY: ANALYZING INTERSECTIONAL BARRIERS TO JUSTICE AND THE IMPLEMENTATION CRISIS OF ANTI-HARASSMENT LAWS FOR MARGINALIZED IDENTITIES IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/02/beyond-the-binary-analyzing-intersectional-barriers-to-justice-and-the-implementation-crisis-of-anti-harassment-laws-for-marginalized-identities-in-india/) - BEYOND THE BINARY: ANALYZING INTERSECTIONAL BARRIERS TO JUSTICE AND THE IMPLEMENTATION CRISIS OF ANTI-HARASSMENT LAWS FOR MARGINALIZED IDENTITIES IN INDIA Astha Pandey, BALLB/5th year/10 semester Student at Amity Law School Lucknow (India) Dr. Kunvar Dushyant Singh, Assistant Professor at Amity Law School Lucknow (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.39 This paper examines how India’s anti-harassment legal regime, This paper examines how India’s anti-harassment legal regime, while formally grounded in equality and dignity, often fails to deliver effective remedies for persons whose lived identities do not align with dominant, binary and majoritarian assumptions embedded in institutional practice. Using an intersectional lens, it argues that harassment is not merely an individual wrong but a structural harm produced through overlapping hierarchies of gender, caste, class, disability, sexuality, religion, migration status, and workplace precarity. - [R V R [1992] 1 AC 599 HOUSE OF LORDS, UNITED KINGDOM: LANDMARK CASE ANALYSIS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/02/r-v-r-1992-1-ac-599-house-of-lords-united-kingdom-landmark-case-analysis/) - R V R [1992] 1 AC 599 HOUSE OF LORDS, UNITED KINGDOM: LANDMARK CASE ANALYSIS Diya Deb, 2nd year (BA.LLB Hons) Student at TECHNO INDIA UNIVERSITY, (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.38 The decision of the House of Lords in R v R [1992] 1 AC 599 stands as a transformative moment in English criminal law. For The decision of the House of Lords in R v R [1992] 1 AC 599 stands as a transformative moment in English criminal law. For over two centuries, the common law had accepted the proposition, attributed to Sir Matthew Hale in 1736, that a husband could not be guilty of raping his wife, on the fiction that marriage entailed irrevocable consent to sexual intercourse. This case analysis examines how that doctrine was ultimately dismantled by the House of Lords in 1991. - [STATUTORY FRAMEWORK AND JUDICIAL INTERPRETATION OF THE TAMIL NADU LAND REFORMS (FIXATION OF CEILING ON LAND) ACT, 1961: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/02/statutory-framework-and-judicial-interpretation-of-the-tamil-nadu-land-reforms-fixation-of-ceiling-on-land-act-1961-an-analytical-study/) - STATUTORY FRAMEWORK AND JUDICIAL INTERPRETATION OF THE TAMIL NADU LAND REFORMS (FIXATION OF CEILING ON LAND) ACT, 1961: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY Pavithra S, II Year, LLM, Department of Property Law, School of Excellence in Law, The Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University, (India) Dr. P. Brinda, Associate Professor, School of Excellence in Law, The Tamil The Tamil Nadu Land Reforms (Fixation of Ceiling on Land) Act, 1961 represents a significant legislative attempt to implement agrarian reform by limiting the concentration of agricultural land and facilitating equitable distribution. Despite the clarity of its social-welfare objective, the Act has generated extensive litigation, particularly concerning the interpretation and application of its statutory provisions. - [FISCAL FEDERALISM AND URBAN LOCAL GOVERNANCE IN INDIA: A CONSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE CENTRAL AND STATE FINANCE COMMISSIONS UNDER THE TWELFTH SCHEDULE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/02/fiscal-federalism-and-urban-local-governance-in-india-a-constitutional-analysis-of-the-central-and-state-finance-commissions-under-the-twelfth-schedule/) - FISCAL FEDERALISM AND URBAN LOCAL GOVERNANCE IN INDIA: A CONSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE CENTRAL AND STATE FINANCE COMMISSIONS UNDER THE TWELFTH SCHEDULE Nishtha Singh, LL.M, 1st Year Student at Amity University Lucknow Campus, (India). Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.36 India’s constitutional framework of fiscal federalism seeks to balance national unity with decentralised governance by distributing financial powers India’s constitutional framework of fiscal federalism seeks to balance national unity with decentralised governance by distributing financial powers among the Union, States, and local self-government institutions. The enactment of the Seventy-Third and Seventy-Fourth Constitutional Amendments marked a decisive shift by constitutionally recognising Panchayats and Municipalities as institutions of self-government and by introducing the Eleventh and Twelfth Schedules. - [INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON REHABILITATIVE JUSTICE: ASSESSING THE NEED FOR REFORM OF CRIMINAL PUNISHMENT AND PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/02/international-perspective-on-rehabilitative-justice-assessing-the-need-for-reform-of-criminal-punishment-and-protection-of-human-rights/) - INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON REHABILITATIVE JUSTICE: ASSESSING THE NEED FOR REFORM OF CRIMINAL PUNISHMENT AND PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS Sam S. Siryon, BA. LL. B Honors, Apeejay Stya University School of Legal Studies, (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.35 In contemporary legal settings, rehabilitative criminal punishment has been criticized for its high cost in integrating rehabilitated criminals into In contemporary legal settings, rehabilitative criminal punishment has been criticized for its high cost in integrating rehabilitated criminals into society, ineffectiveness, infringement on human rights, and the risk of creating a wide net of penal control. It has also been critiqued for the potential for sentencing disparities based on perceived needs for rehabilitation rather than the severity of the crime, and the lack of traditional due process safeguards within rehabilitative programs. - [WHY CLEAN WATER IS A BASIC HUMAN RIGHT IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/02/why-clean-water-is-a-basic-human-right-in-india/) - WHY CLEAN WATER IS A BASIC HUMAN RIGHT IN INDIA T. Jeba Vasanth, BA.LLB (Hons) 3rdyear, Bharath institute of law, Chennai, (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.34 Access to clean water is an indispensable component of human dignity and survival so fundamental, in fact, that it has been recognized by the United Nations as a basic human Access to clean water is an indispensable component of human dignity and survival so fundamental, in fact, that it has been recognized by the United Nations as a basic human right under Resolution 64/292 (2010), which calls on states to ensure affordable, safe, and physically accessible water for all. The judiciary in India has gradually construed the right to life under Article 21 of the Constitution to include access to clean water as a fundamental component of living with dignity and in a healthy environment, despite the fact that the right to water is not specifically stated in the statute. - [BEYOND TRADITIONAL ATTRIBUTION: RETHINKING STATE RESPONSIBILITY UNDER ARSIWA IN LIGHT OF THE SOLARWINDS CYBERATTACK](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/02/beyond-traditional-attribution-rethinking-state-responsibility-under-arsiwa-in-light-of-the-solarwinds-cyberattack/) - BEYOND TRADITIONAL ATTRIBUTION: RETHINKING STATE RESPONSIBILITY UNDER ARSIWA IN LIGHT OF THE SOLARWINDS CYBERATTACK Aakriti Khattry, 3rd year (VI semester) Student at Manipal Law School, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Bengaluru, (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.33 This paper brings to light the evidentiary and normative gaps in cyberspace for the attribution of State responsibility under the This paper brings to light the evidentiary and normative gaps in cyberspace for the attribution of State responsibility under the Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts (ARSIWA), while also questioning whether the ARSIWA attribution framework is adequately suited to modern cyber operations. This paper also studies how political attribution of cyber operations very often outpaces the stricter and finer legal standards which are required under Arsiwa, through the 2020 SolarWinds cyberattack case. - [FROM PRISONERS TO SUSPECTS: RECONFIGURING STATE POWER UNDER THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE (IDENTIFICATION) ACT, 2022](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/02/from-prisoners-to-suspects-reconfiguring-state-power-under-the-criminal-procedure-identification-act-2022/) - FROM PRISONERS TO SUSPECTS: RECONFIGURING STATE POWER UNDER THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE (IDENTIFICATION) ACT, 2022 Abdus Sami Osman Chaus, Ph.D. Research Scholar, Yashwantrao Chavan Law College & Ph.D. Research Centre, Pune (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.32 The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 represents a significant transformation in India’s framework of criminal identification by expanding the categories of The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 represents a significant transformation in India’s framework of criminal identification by expanding the categories of individuals from whom biometric and biological data may be compulsorily collected. Unlike the Identification of Prisoners Act, 1920, which primarily targeted convicted persons and limited custodial categories, the 2022 legislation extends biometric extraction to individuals arrested, detained, or subjected to preventive proceedings. - [NEURO-RIGHTS: LEGAL FRAMEWORKS AND CHALLENGES IN PROTECTING BRAIN DATA IN THE NEUROTECHNOLOGY ERA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/02/neuro-rights-legal-frameworks-and-challenges-in-protecting-brain-data-in-the-neurotechnology-era/) - NEURO-RIGHTS: LEGAL FRAMEWORKS AND CHALLENGES IN PROTECTING BRAIN DATA IN THE NEUROTECHNOLOGY ERA Apurva Verma, BBA LLB/2nd year/4th Semester Student at Symbiosis law school, NOIDA, (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.31 The rapid advancement of neurotechnology, from medical implants to consumer brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), presents unprecedented challenges to fundamental human rights. These technologies access, monitor, and even The rapid advancement of neurotechnology, from medical implants to consumer brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), presents unprecedented challenges to fundamental human rights. These technologies access, monitor, and even influence neural activity, generating "neurodata", highly sensitive information revealing an individual's thoughts, emotions, and mental states. - [INVESTOR BEHAVIOUR, SOCIAL MEDIA INFLUENCE, AND CRYPTO TAX NON-COMPLIANCE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/28/investor-behaviour-social-media-influence-and-crypto-tax-non-compliance/) - INVESTOR BEHAVIOUR, SOCIAL MEDIA INFLUENCE, AND CRYPTO TAX NON-COMPLIANCE Vidushi Singh Vihan, PhD Scholar, Sardar Patel Subharti Institute of Law, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University (India) Dr. Afreen Almas, Assistant Professor, Sardar Patel Subharti Institute of Law, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.28 This research examines the complex relationship between investor behaviour, social This research examines the complex relationship between investor behaviour, social media influence, and crypto tax non-compliance within the evolving Indian regulatory framework governing virtual digital assets (VDAs). The rapid expansion of cryptocurrency participation in India, driven primarily by retail investors and digital trading platforms, has created significant compliance challenges for tax authorities despite the introduction of a specialised taxation regime under the Finance Act, 2022. - [BINDING NON-SIGNATORIES TO ARBITRATION AGREEMENTS: DOCTRINAL DEVELOPMENT AND JUDICIAL PRACTICE IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/28/binding-non-signatories-to-arbitration-agreements-doctrinal-development-and-judicial-practice-in-india/) - BINDING NON-SIGNATORIES TO ARBITRATION AGREEMENTS: DOCTRINAL DEVELOPMENT AND JUDICIAL PRACTICE IN INDIA Prakhar Singh, BA LLB (H), 5th year, 10th Semester Student at Amity University, Lucknow Campus (India). Dr Sheeba Khalid, Assistant Professsor at Amity University, Lucknow Campus (India). Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.25 Arbitration in India is founded on consent party autonomy and contractual privity under Arbitration in India is founded on consent party autonomy and contractual privity under the Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1996. Traditionally only signatories to an arbitration agreement could be compelled to arbitrate disputes. However, contemporary commercial transactions increasingly involve complex corporate groups consortium arrangements and composite contracts where several entities participate in performance without formally signing the arbitration clause. - [ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND BLOCKCHAIN ANALYTICS IN DETECTING CRYPTO TAX EVASION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/28/artificial-intelligence-and-blockchain-analytics-in-detecting-crypto-tax-evasion/) - ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND BLOCKCHAIN ANALYTICS IN DETECTING CRYPTO TAX EVASION Vidushi Singh Vihan, PhD Scholar, Sardar Patel Subharti Institute of Law, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University (India). Dr.Afreen Almas, Assistant Professor, Sardar Patel Subharti Institute of Law, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut (India). Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.24 This paper examines how artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain analytics This paper examines how artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain analytics can be operationalised as enforcement technologies to detect crypto tax evasion in India, while remaining compliant with evolving legal constraints on privacy and digital evidence. It situates the analysis within India’s post-2022 “virtual digital asset” (VDA) taxation architecture, including the statutory definition of VDA, the special charging and ring-fencing framework that taxes transfers at a flat rate with limited deductions, and the transaction-level reporting trail created through the one per cent tax deduction at source (TDS) mechanism on VDA transfers. - [BEYOND DOUBT, BUT NOT BEYOND REASON: REASSESSING THE PREPONDERANCE STANDARD](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/28/beyond-doubt-but-not-beyond-reason-reassessing-the-preponderance-standard/) - BEYOND DOUBT, BUT NOT BEYOND REASON: REASSESSING THE PREPONDERANCE STANDARD Aashi Bindal, SY. BALL.B, Vivekanand Education Society’s College of Law Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.30 The concept of Preponderance of Probability is a foundational standard of proof in Civil Jurisprudence. Unlike the stringent threshold of “beyond reasonable doubt” in Criminal trials, this standard emphasizes the greater likelihood The concept of Preponderance of Probability is a foundational standard of proof in Civil Jurisprudence. Unlike the stringent threshold of "beyond reasonable doubt" in Criminal trials, this standard emphasizes the greater likelihood of one version of events over the other. This article explores the historical emergence, doctrinal basis, statutory anchoring, and judicial interpretations of the preponderance standard in both Indian and comparative legal contexts. - [AI-GENERATED WORKS AND COPYRIGHT OWNERSHIP: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL LEGAL FRAMEWORKS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/28/ai-generated-works-and-copyright-ownership-a-comparative-analysis-of-global-legal-frameworks/) - AI-GENERATED WORKS AND COPYRIGHT OWNERSHIP: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL LEGAL FRAMEWORKS Kushangi Sameliya, IP Associate at D.S. Associates (DSA) (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.29 The fast development of artificial intelligence (AI) systems that can generate text, images, music and other creative works has posed a large challenge to the traditional copyright law, which has always The fast development of artificial intelligence (AI) systems that can generate text, images, music and other creative works has posed a large challenge to the traditional copyright law, which has always been based on the human authorship and intellectuality. This study analyzes the legal context of ownership rights, as applied to AI-generated creations, in India, European Union, and China on the basis of a comparative study. - [THE CONSTITUTION (130TH AMENDMENT) BILL, 2025: REMOVAL OF MINISTERS UPON DETENTION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/28/the-constitution-130th-amendment-bill-2025-removal-of-ministers-upon-detention/) - THE CONSTITUTION (130TH AMENDMENT) BILL, 2025: REMOVAL OF MINISTERS UPON DETENTION Ajmal. A, LLM in International Law, 3rd Semester, Student of Government Law College, Thiruvananthapuram (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.27 The Constitution (130th Amendment) Bill, 2025 proposes a far-reaching constitutional intervention by mandating the removal of the Prime Minister, Chief Ministers, and other Ministers upon arrest The Constitution (130th Amendment) Bill, 2025 proposes a far-reaching constitutional intervention by mandating the removal of the Prime Minister, Chief Ministers, and other Ministers upon arrest and detention for thirty consecutive days in cases involving serious criminal offences. While the stated objective of the Bill is to address the long-standing concern of criminalisation of politics and to uphold probity in public life, the method adopted raises profound constitutional, democratic, and institutional concerns. - [TRACING THE RESIDUAL SHADOWS OF QUEER CRIMINALIZATION BEYOND SECTION 377](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/28/tracing-the-residual-shadows-of-queer-criminalization-beyond-section-377/) - TRACING THE RESIDUAL SHADOWS OF QUEER CRIMINALIZATION BEYOND SECTION 377 Anupriya Kumari, ICSSR Doctoral Fellow, Department of Law & Governance, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.26 The judicial reading down and partial decriminalization of Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code by the Supreme Court in Navtej Singh Johar v. Union The judicial reading down and partial decriminalization of Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code by the Supreme Court in Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018) 10 SCC 1 which confined the provision’s operation to non-consensual acts and acts involving minors has not precipitated the dismantling of queer criminalization; rather, it has facilitated its reconstitution through less visible, yet equally coercive, legal and institutional mechanisms. - [HUMAN RIGHTS ENFORCEMENT UNDER ICCPR: BALANCING STATE SOVEREIGNTY WITH GLOBAL ACCOUNTABILITY](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/24/human-rights-enforcement-under-iccpr-balancing-state-sovereignty-with-global-accountability/) - HUMAN RIGHTS ENFORCEMENT UNDER ICCPR: BALANCING STATE SOVEREIGNTY WITH GLOBAL ACCOUNTABILITY Adhishri Lawania, LLM student at DSNLU Vishakhapatnam (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.23 This paper explores how the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) balances the tension between state sovereignty and global accountability in enforcing human rights. The Human Rights Committee (HRC), which oversees This paper explores how the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) balances the tension between state sovereignty and global accountability in enforcing human rights. The Human Rights Committee (HRC), which oversees the Covenant, lacks binding powers and instead relies on state cooperation through periodic reports and individual communications under the First Optional Protocol (OP1). - [PARLIAMENTARY PRIVILEGES IN INDIA: CONSTITUTIONAL LIMITS, JUDICIAL REVIEW, AND LEGISLATIVE IMMUNITY LIMITS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/24/parliamentary-privileges-in-india-constitutional-limits-judicial-review-and-legislative-immunity-limits/) - PARLIAMENTARY PRIVILEGES IN INDIA: CONSTITUTIONAL LIMITS, JUDICIAL REVIEW, AND LEGISLATIVE IMMUNITY LIMITS Mr. Aritra Saha, Student, SOA National Institute of Law-Faculty of Legal Studies, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to be University, (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.22 This paper explores the constitutional parameters of parliamentary privileges in India, their development and limitations focusing especially on Articles 105 This paper explores the constitutional parameters of parliamentary privileges in India, their development and limitations focusing especially on Articles 105 and 194 of the Constitution. The origins of these privileges go back to British tradition of parliamentary independence and were designed to protect the independence of legislature and prevent closed debate in Parliament. - [LAWS FOR PROTECTION OF RIGHTS OF WOMEN IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/24/laws-for-protection-of-rights-of-women-in-india/) - LAWS FOR PROTECTION OF RIGHTS OF WOMEN IN INDIA Syed Naiyla Hamdani, B.A. LLB., Vitasta school of law and humanities (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.21 “A woman with a voice is, by definition, a strong woman.” by Melinda Gates. The empowerment of women has become the magic of social justice and sustainable development. The Constitution and “A woman with a voice is, by definition, a strong woman.” by Melinda Gates. The empowerment of women has become the magic of social justice and sustainable development. The Constitution and statutory law in India together provide women protection against discrimination, exploitation and violence as well as assure them equality of opportunity. This paper will study the importance of the empowerment of women and how the legal systems have enhanced the growth of gender equality. - [FROM PROTECTION TO PROSECUTION: MAPPING INDIA’S LEGAL FRAMEWORK ON DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND THE JUDICIAL TRAJECTORY](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/18/from-protection-to-prosecution-mapping-indias-legal-framework-on-domestic-violence-against-women-and-the-judicial-trajectory/) - FROM PROTECTION TO PROSECUTION: MAPPING INDIA’S LEGAL FRAMEWORK ON DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND THE JUDICIAL TRAJECTORY Jyotsna Singh, BA.LL.B (hons)/5th year/10th semester at Amity University Lucknow Campus (India) Dr. Sarita Yadav, Assistant Professor at Amity University Lucknow Campus (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.19 This research examines the evolution, structure, and effectiveness of India’s legal framework This research examines the evolution, structure, and effectiveness of India’s legal framework addressing domestic violence against women, tracing its transformation from a primarily protective civil regime to an increasingly prosecution-oriented criminal justice response. Domestic violence remains a pervasive socio-legal problem, as evidenced by national survey data and crime statistics showing sustained prevalence and high reporting of cruelty within marital relationships. - [BEYOND CRIMINALISATION: MAPPING LEGISLATIVE AND INSTITUTIONAL GAPS IN INDIA’S RAPE LAWS AND EVALUATING REMEDIAL MECHANISMS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/18/beyond-criminalisation-mapping-legislative-and-institutional-gaps-in-indias-rape-laws-and-evaluating-remedial-mechanisms/) - BEYOND CRIMINALISATION: MAPPING LEGISLATIVE AND INSTITUTIONAL GAPS IN INDIA’S RAPE LAWS AND EVALUATING REMEDIAL MECHANISMS Ilma Meraj Kidwai, 10th Semester Student, B.A. LL.B. (Hons.), Amity Law School, Amity University, Lucknow (India) Dr. Srijan Mishra, Assistant Professor at Amity Law School, Amity University, Lucknow (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.20 Rape law in India stands at a critical Rape law in India stands at a critical crossroads: despite successive legislative reforms and enhanced penal consequences, the everyday experience of survivors continues to be shaped by delayed trials, modest conviction outcomes, and persistent institutional deficits in investigation, prosecution, and adjudication. This paper undertakes a doctrinal and socio-legal analysis of the evolving statutory architecture governing rape and allied sexual offences, with particular emphasis on the transition to the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS), the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS), and the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA). - [ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FACED BY ELECTION COMMISSION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DEVELOPING NATIONS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/18/issues-and-challenges-faced-by-election-commission-a-comparative-study-of-developing-nations/) - ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FACED BY ELECTION COMMISSION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DEVELOPING NATIONS Nishtha Singh, LL.M Student at Amity University Lucknow Campus (India) Dr. Taru Mishra, Assistant Professor at Amity University Lucknow Campus (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.18 Election commissions in developing nations work inside fragile democracies with deep social divides and uneven state capacity, so Election commissions in developing nations work inside fragile democracies with deep social divides and uneven state capacity, so pressure on electoral administration stays high. This paper studies how law, institutions and political practice shape the independence and credibility of these bodies. It takes India as the primary case and then compares it with other developing jurisdictions to see how different constitutional choices seek to secure free and fair elections. - [JOHNSON & JOHNSON V. PRITAMDAS ARORA T/A M/S MEDSERVE & ANR., 2025](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/18/johnson-johnson-v-pritamdas-arora-t-a-m-s-medserve-anr-2025/) - JOHNSON & JOHNSON V. PRITAMDAS ARORA T/A M/S MEDSERVE & ANR., 2025 Drishti Banerjee, LL.M. in Intellectual Property Law and Management, WIPO-NLU DELHI-IPO (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.17 This case analysis examines the decision of the High Court of Delhi in Johnson & Johnson v. Pritamdas Arora t/a M/s Medserve & Anr., 2025, a significant ruling This case analysis examines the decision of the High Court of Delhi in Johnson & Johnson v. Pritamdas Arora t/a M/s Medserve & Anr., 2025, a significant ruling addressing large-scale counterfeiting of surgical medical devices. The dispute arose after counterfeiting hemostatic products bearing the registered trademarks ‘SURGICEL’ and ‘ETHICON’ were traced to an organised distribution network linked to the Defendants in New Delhi. - [INDIAN SCENARIO WITH AN OVERVIEW OF MRTP ACT, 1969](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/18/indian-scenario-with-an-overview-of-mrtp-act-1969/) - INDIAN SCENARIO WITH AN OVERVIEW OF MRTP ACT, 1969 Divyansh Singh, L.L.M (CORPORATE LAW)1year, 2nd sem Student (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.16 The Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act, 1969 (MRTP Act) marked a watershed moment in India’s economic and regulatory history. Enacted in response to the growing concentration of economic power and monopolistic tendencies in The Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act, 1969 (MRTP Act) marked a watershed moment in India's economic and regulatory history. Enacted in response to the growing concentration of economic power and monopolistic tendencies in the post-independence Indian economy, the MRTP Act sought to prevent monopolies, regulate restrictive and unfair trade practices, and safeguard consumer interests in furtherance of the constitutional mandate under Article 39(b) and (c). - [CYBER SECURITY LAWS AND ROLE OF JUDICIARY IN PROTECTING PRIVACY RIGHTS IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/18/cyber-security-laws-and-role-of-judiciary-in-protecting-privacy-rights-in-india/) - CYBER SECURITY LAWS AND ROLE OF JUDICIARY IN PROTECTING PRIVACY RIGHTS IN INDIA Arpit Tripathi, LLM student at DSNLU Visakhapatnam (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.15 The rapid digitisation of India’s socio-economic framework has intensified concerns regarding cybersecurity and the protection of privacy rights. Recognised as a fundamental right under Article 21 of the Constitution, the right The rapid digitisation of India’s socio-economic framework has intensified concerns regarding cybersecurity and the protection of privacy rights. Recognised as a fundamental right under Article 21 of the Constitution, the right to privacy attained definitive constitutional status through the Supreme Court’s landmark decision in Justice K.S. Puttaswamy (Retd.) v. Union of India (2017). - [CRITIQUING THE ‘NOTICE AND CONSENT’ FRAMEWORK WITHIN INDIA’S DPDP ACT, 2023 AND CONSUMER PROTECTION REGIMES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/18/critiquing-the-notice-and-consent-framework-within-indias-dpdp-act-2023-and-consumer-protection-regimes/) - CRITIQUING THE ‘NOTICE AND CONSENT’ FRAMEWORK WITHIN INDIA’S DPDP ACT, 2023 AND CONSUMER PROTECTION REGIMES Nitin Shukla, PhD Research Scholar, Faculty of Law University of Lucknow, Lucknow (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.14 The introduction of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPDP Act) is a landmark in the digital jurisprudence in India that transformed the The introduction of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPDP Act) is a landmark in the digital jurisprudence in India that transformed the country into a unified statutory framework, moving away from a disjointed regulatory framework of Information Technology Act, 2000, to a centralized one, based on the Notice and Consent approach. This research paper critically, in detail, and exhaustively critiques this framework, enshrined in the DPDP Act, Sections 5 and 6, by contrasting it with the parallel remedial framework of the Consumer Protection Act, 2019, in Section 7, the so-called Legitimate Uses exception. - [CHILDREN'S RIGHTS AND PROTECTION IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/18/childrens-rights-and-protection-in-india/) - CHILDREN'S RIGHTS AND PROTECTION IN INDIA M. David Ziegan Paul, BA. LLB. (Hons), 3rdyear, Bharath institute of law, Chennai (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.13 This paper are Children’s rights and protection remain central concerns in India, where nearly one-third of the population consists of individuals under the age of 18. Safeguarding their rights is not only This paper are Children’s rights and protection remain central concerns in India, where nearly one-third of the population consists of individuals under the age of 18. Safeguarding their rights is not only a moral obligation but also a constitutional mandate, reinforced by international commitments such as the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), which India ratified in 1992. - [RECASTING CRIMINAL PROCEDURE UNDER THE BNSS: EFFICIENCY OR EROSION OF DUE PROCESS?](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/18/recasting-criminal-procedure-under-the-bnss-efficiency-or-erosion-of-due-process/) - RECASTING CRIMINAL PROCEDURE UNDER THE BNSS: EFFICIENCY OR EROSION OF DUE PROCESS? Prapti Rajeev, B.A.LL. B, 4th year, Christ Academy Institute of Law, Bengaluru (India) Srisha B.R., B.A.LL. B, 4th year, Christ Academy Institute of Law, Bengaluru (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.12 The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023, is a significant shift in India’s criminal The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023, is a significant shift in India's criminal procedure by replacing the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973. The BNSS, with the objective of providing efficiency, transparency, and speedy justice, brings with it digital procedures, rigid timelines, and increased powers of investigation. - [THE FUTURE OF LABOUR RIGHTS IN THE GIG ECONOMY: BEYOND CONTRACTUAL CLASSIFICATION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/18/the-future-of-labour-rights-in-the-gig-economy-beyond-contractual-classification/) - THE FUTURE OF LABOUR RIGHTS IN THE GIG ECONOMY: BEYOND CONTRACTUAL CLASSIFICATION K.Abitha, Pursuing LLM (BUSINESS LAW) at Government Law College, Coimbatore (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.11 The Rapid rise of the Gig Economy has redefined the contours of labour relations, challenging traditional notions of employment, control, and protection under labour law. Gig Workers often engaged The Rapid rise of the Gig Economy has redefined the contours of labour relations, challenging traditional notions of employment, control, and protection under labour law. Gig Workers often engaged as “Independent Contractors,” occupy an ambiguous space between employee and entrepreneur, resulting in limited access to social security, minimum wages, and collective bargaining rights. - [‘ACTUS DEI NEMINI FACIT INJURIA’: A CRITICAL APPRAISAL IN TORT JURISPRUDENCE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/18/actus-dei-nemini-facit-injuria-a-critical-appraisal-in-tort-jurisprudence/) - ‘ACTUS DEI NEMINI FACIT INJURIA’: A CRITICAL APPRAISAL IN TORT JURISPRUDENCE Vivek Danduboyina, 1st Year -Semester: I, Maharashtra National Law University, Nagpur (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.10 The maxim Actus Dei Nemini Facit Injuria, meaning “an act of God does injury to no one”, occupies a significant position in tort jurisprudence as a defence absolving liability The maxim Actus Dei Nemini Facit Injuria, meaning “an act of God does injury to no one”, occupies a significant position in tort jurisprudence as a defence absolving liability where harm is caused exclusively by extraordinary natural forces beyond human control. Rooted in Roman law and developed through English common law, the doctrine reflects the foundational principle that the law does not impose liability for events that human foresight and prudence cannot reasonably anticipate or prevent. - [THE FUTURE OF MINORITY RIGHTS IN BANGLADESH: PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES IN THE POST-SHEIKH HASINA ERA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/18/the-future-of-minority-rights-in-bangladesh-prospects-and-challenges-in-the-post-sheikh-hasina-era/) - THE FUTURE OF MINORITY RIGHTS IN BANGLADESH: PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES IN THE POST-SHEIKH HASINA ERA Dr. Anil Kumar Dixit, Professor, Career College of Law, Bhopal (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.09 This research paper examines the future of minority rights in Bangladesh in the aftermath of Sheikh Hasina’s ouster from power on August 5, 2024, following unprecedented This research paper examines the future of minority rights in Bangladesh in the aftermath of Sheikh Hasina’s ouster from power on August 5, 2024, following unprecedented student-led protests. The study is framed in the context of a post-Sheikh Hasina era, where the turnover of political power is likely to bring new political and legal priorities. Specifically, the research seeks to provide an understanding of the challenges facing minority rights holders-Hindus, Buddhists, Christians, and Indigenous peoples-within this transitional moment. - [MISUSE OF STRATEGIC LAWSUITS AGAINST PUBLIC PARTICIPATION (SLAPP) IN INDIA: NEED FOR ANTI-SLAPP LEGISLATION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/10/misuse-of-strategic-lawsuits/) - MISUSE OF STRATEGIC LAWSUITS AGAINST PUBLIC PARTICIPATION (SLAPP) IN INDIA: NEED FOR ANTI-SLAPP LEGISLATION Rafiya Nazneen, LLM Corporate and Commercial Law, Christ Deemed to be University, Bangalore (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.01 Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation (SLAPPs) are becoming more recognized as a potent tool of legal harassment, as corporations, powerful people, and state officials Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation (SLAPPs) are becoming more recognized as a potent tool of legal harassment, as corporations, powerful people, and state officials are now using it to silence dissent and discourage legitimate public activism. SLAPPs can be characterized as a tool that is used to exert not only financial but also psychological pressures on activists, journalists, and civil society organizations, as opposed to being a legitimate legal complaint. - [ALGORITHMIC ONLINE DISPUTE RESOLUTION AND THE FUTURE OF NEUTRALITY: CAN DIGITAL PLATFORMS REPLACE HUMAN ARBITRATORS?](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/11/algorithmic-online-dispute-resolution-and-the-future-of-neutrality-can-digital-platforms-replace-human-arbitrators/) - ALGORITHMIC ONLINE DISPUTE RESOLUTION AND THE FUTURE OF NEUTRALITY: CAN DIGITAL PLATFORMS REPLACE HUMAN ARBITRATORS? Kriti Agrawal, 8th Semester Student Pursuing BBA.LLB from Maharashtra National Law University, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.08 The increasing institutionalisation of Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) reflects a structural transformation in contemporary systems of alternative dispute resolution. While early models The increasing institutionalisation of Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) reflects a structural transformation in contemporary systems of alternative dispute resolution. While early models of ODR were largely confined to facilitating communication, document exchange, and procedural coordination, recent platforms increasingly deploy algorithmic systems capable of predicting dispute outcomes, recommending settlements, and, in limited contexts, autonomously resolving disputes. - [JUDICIAL REFERRAL TO ADR UNDER SECTION 89 OF THE CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE, 1908: DISCRETION, COMPULSION, AND CONSTITUTIONAL LIMITS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/11/judicial-referral-to-adr-under-section-89-of-the-code-of-civil-procedure-1908-discretion-compulsion-and-constitutional-limits/) - JUDICIAL REFERRAL TO ADR UNDER SECTION 89 OF THE CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE, 1908: DISCRETION, COMPULSION, AND CONSTITUTIONAL LIMITS Aujlaan Hamid, LL.M Scholar from Kashmir University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.07 Section 89 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 represents a legislative effort to institutionalize alternative dispute resolution (ADR) within the Indian civil justice system Section 89 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 represents a legislative effort to institutionalize alternative dispute resolution (ADR) within the Indian civil justice system as a response to mounting judicial pendency. Conceived as an enabling provision, Section 89 empowers courts to refer disputes to ADR mechanisms where elements of settlement appear to exist. However, its practical application has generated significant constitutional and procedural concerns, particularly regarding the erosion of judicial discretion, voluntariness of participation, and party autonomy. - [LEGAL FOUNDATIONS OF REVOLUTIONARY CHANGE: A DOCTRINAL AND POLICY ORIENTED STUDY OF CONSTITUTIONAL AND INSTITUTIONAL TRANSFORMATION IN BANGLADESH](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/11/legal-foundations-of-revolutionary-change-a-doctrinal-and-policy-oriented-study-of-constitutional-and-institutional-transformation-in-bangladesh/) - LEGAL FOUNDATIONS OF REVOLUTIONARY CHANGE: A DOCTRINAL AND POLICY ORIENTED STUDY OF CONSTITUTIONAL AND INSTITUTIONAL TRANSFORMATION IN BANGLADESH Maksudur Rahman Alif, 4th semester student at Bangladesh Army International University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.06 The July Movement of 2024 in Bangladesh is not only an upheaval of the political nature, but also The July Movement of 2024 in Bangladesh is not only an upheaval of the political nature, but also a complete legal break that re-articulated the structure of constitutional power and institutional legitimacy. This article questioned the Movement as a revolutionary process in which legality, legitimacy, and popular sovereignty came to compete with each other in a manner that undermined authoritarian power bases. - [RULE-MAKING POWERS OF ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES IN THE PHILIPPINES: A DOCTRINAL REASSESSMENT IN THE CONTEMPORARY REGULATORY STATE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/10/rule-making-powers-of-administrative-agencies-in-the-philippines-a-doctrinal-reassessment-in-the-contemporary-regulatory-state/) - RULE-MAKING POWERS OF ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES IN THE PHILIPPINES: A DOCTRINAL REASSESSMENT IN THE CONTEMPORARY REGULATORY STATE Darren Javier Gonzales, Associate Dean, John Wesley School of Law and Governance, Wesleyan University-Philippines Reena Clarisse Aviñante Carlos, Associate Professor, John Wesley School of Law and Governance, Wesleyan University-Philippines Lyndon John Santiago De Leon, Associate Professor, John Wesley School Administrative agencies occupy a central position in contemporary governance, exercising extensive rule-making authority that significantly shapes rights, obligations, and regulatory outcomes. In the Philippines, this authority derives from legislative delegation and is constitutionally constrained by the principle that legislative power is vested in Congress. - [A COMPARATIVE JURISPRUDENCE OF TRANSGENDER EQUITY IN EDUCATION ACROSS CONTINENTS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/10/a-comparative-jurisprudence-of-transgender-equity-in-education-across-continents/) - A COMPARATIVE JURISPRUDENCE OF TRANSGENDER EQUITY IN EDUCATION ACROSS CONTINENTS Ms. Anshika Vats, Research Scholar, School of Law, ITM University, Raipur (India) Dr. Shivli Shrivastava, Assistant Professor, School of Law, ITM University, Raipur (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.04 This article offers a comprehensive comparative analysis of legal frameworks governing gender-inclusive education, focusing on India, Argentina, the This article offers a comprehensive comparative analysis of legal frameworks governing gender-inclusive education, focusing on India, Argentina, the United States, Canada. It begins by examining India’s landmark NALSA v. Union of India (2014) judgment, which legally recognized transgender individuals as a “third gender” and affirmed their rights to education, and reservation benefits under Articles 14, 15, 16, 19, and 21 of the Constitution. - [THE COLLISION BETWEEN LAW AND POWER: SADDAM HUSSEIN AND THE IMPLEMENTATION DICHOTOMY OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/10/the-collision-between-law-and-power-saddam-hussein-and-the-implementation-dichotomy-of-international-humanitarian-law/) - THE COLLISION BETWEEN LAW AND POWER: SADDAM HUSSEIN AND THE IMPLEMENTATION DICHOTOMY OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW Manish Majumder, BBA.LLB/4th Year/8th Semester Student at Department of law, University of Engineering and Management, Kolkata, (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.03 Saddam Hussein’s case remains a milestone in today’s development of International Humanitarian Law (IHL), alongside International Criminal Law. His Saddam Hussein's case remains a milestone in today's development of International Humanitarian Law (IHL), alongside International Criminal Law. His political and military activities, from the Iraq-Iran war, persecuting the Kurds through the Anfal Campaign, up to annexing Kuwait, underlined the deficiency of international instruments designed to impede aggression by states and protecting civilians' lives. - [CARBON AT THE BORDER: THE EFFECT OF THE EU’S CARBON BORDER ADJUSTMENT MECHANISM ON INDIA’S EXPORT COMPETITIVENESS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/10/carbon-at-the-border-the-effect-of-the-eus-carbon-border-adjustment-mechanism-on-indias-export-competitiveness/) - CARBON AT THE BORDER: THE EFFECT OF THE EU’S CARBON BORDER ADJUSTMENT MECHANISM ON INDIA’S EXPORT COMPETITIVENESS Chinju Kuruvilla, LLM- Corporate and Commercial Law Student, Christ University, Bangalore, Karnataka (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.02 The European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (henceforth referred to as CBAM), introduced as part of the European Green Deal is one The European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (henceforth referred to as CBAM), introduced as part of the European Green Deal is one of the most ambitious attempts at combining trade and climate regulations. While the EU has implemented CBAM to prevent carbon leakage, its implication for developing economies like India has not only been legally contentious, but also of economic importance. - [RECONCEPTUALIZING THE LEGAL STATUS OF ANIMALS IN INDIA: FROM WELFARE TO RIGHTS-A CONSTITUTIONAL AND JUDICIAL ANALYSIS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO STREET DOGS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/31/reconceptualizing-the-legal-status-of-animals-in-india-from-welfare-to-rights-a-constitutional-and-judicial-analysis-with-special-reference-to-street-dogs/) - RECONCEPTUALIZING THE LEGAL STATUS OF ANIMALS IN INDIA: FROM WELFARE TO RIGHTS-A CONSTITUTIONAL AND JUDICIAL ANALYSIS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO STREET DOGS Neha Singh Ranpuria, Research Scholar at Vikrant University Madhya Pradesh, (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.228 The historical Indian legal regulation of animals The historical Indian legal regulation of animals has been based on a welfare-based model that considers animals as passive subjects of human sympathy and not as entities that possess their own legal rights. But current constitutional and judicial events suggest a slow but steady change towards treating animals with dignity, intrinsic worth and limited legal status as sentient beings. The paper critically reviews the changing legal status of animals in India by performing a historical analysis of how animal welfare approach has been replaced by an emerging approach of rights-based approach, with particular reference to a case of street dogs as a focal point of constitutional and judicial debates. - [DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN: A SOCIO LEGAL PERSPECTIVE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/31/domestic-violence-against-women-a-socio-legal-perspective/) - DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN: A SOCIO LEGAL PERSPECTIVE Dr. Arun Shrivastava, Dean faculty of law Patliputra University, Director Bihar institute of law, (India) Dr. Farhat Jabeen, Assistant professor, professor Incharge in Bihar institute of law Patna, (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.227 Domestic violence against Domestic violence against women is a widespread violation of human rights, illustrating the entrenched gender inequality and patriarchal frameworks within society. It includes various forms of abuse physical, psychological, sexual, emotional, and economic perpetuated in domestic settings, typically by intimate partners or family members. From a sociological viewpoint, domestic violence is perpetuated by cultural standards, power disparities, economic reliance, low literacy levels, and social stigmas that deter women from reporting such abuse. - [K.M. NANAVATI V. STATE OF MAHARASHTRA: CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 195 OF 1960](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/31/k-m-nanavati-v-state-of-maharashtra-criminal-appeal-no-195-of-1960/) - K.M. NANAVATI V. STATE OF MAHARASHTRA: CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 195 OF 1960 Yashika, University institute of legal studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh (India) Yashdeep Kaur, University institute of legal studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.226 This analysis proposes a re-examination of the This analysis proposes a re-examination of the K. M. Nanavati case (AIR 1962 SC 605) which was based on the doctrine of the law, and it asks if the action of the accused in killing Prem Ahuja on April 27, 1959, with the Supreme Court delivering judgment on November 24, 1961, and asks whether the accused’s action could be properly mitigated from murder to homicide not amounting to murder. - [DIGITAL ASSETS AND THE LAW: AN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE WITH COMPARATIVE LESSONS FROM THE US AND UAE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/30/digital-assets-and-the-law-an-indian-perspective-with-comparative-lessons-from-the-us-and-uae/) - DIGITAL ASSETS AND THE LAW: AN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE WITH COMPARATIVE LESSONS FROM THE US AND UAE Tassaduq Hussain, Fourth-Year, B.A.LL. B (Hons.) Student, School of Law, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.225 Digital assets have rapidly emerged as a defining Digital assets have rapidly emerged as a defining feature of the global financial ecosystem. Cryptocurrencies, stablecoins, non-fungible tokens (NFTs), and Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs), all rooted in blockchain technology, are reshaping our understanding of value, ownership, and financial systems. In India, while adoption has surged, the regulatory and legal framework remains fragmented, reactive, and ambiguous. - [COMPETENCE-COMPETENCE IN COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION: ARBITRAL AUTONOMY AND JUDICIAL INTERVENTION IN CHINESE AND INTERNATIONAL PRACTICE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/30/competence-competence-in-commercial-arbitration-arbitral-autonomy-and-judicial-intervention-in-chinese-and-international-practice/) - COMPETENCE-COMPETENCE IN COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION: ARBITRAL AUTONOMY AND JUDICIAL INTERVENTION IN CHINESE AND INTERNATIONAL PRACTICE Daila Alexis Yezoulayom, International Law LL.M Student at Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing China Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.224 The paper argues that the competence-competence principle has become a The paper argues that the competence-competence principle has become a structural cornerstone of commercial arbitration, yet its operation remains uneven across legal systems and between its positive and negative effects. It first traces the historical and doctrinal genealogy of competence-competence and its close relationship with separability, showing how continental European theory, the UNCITRAL Model Law, case law in the US and UK, and leading scholarship together construct a conceptual framework that empowers arbitral tribunals to rule on their own jurisdiction while postponing full judicial control. - [STRATEGIC POLICY FRAMEWORK FOR MANAGING HYBRID WORK FORCE: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/29/strategic-policy-framework-for-managing-hybrid-work-force-challenges-and-opportunities/) - STRATEGIC POLICY FRAMEWORK FOR MANAGING HYBRID WORK FORCE: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES Baibhab Datta, Student of Semester Seven, Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India (ICFAI), Hyderabad (TELENGANA), India Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.223 The post-pandemic evolution of work structure has given rapid evolution of the The post-pandemic evolution of work structure has given rapid evolution of the modern workplace, accelerated by digital transformation and the post-pandemic paradigm shift, which has given rise to the hybrid workforce, combining remote and in-office work arrangements to create flexible operational frameworks. The COVID-19 pandemic acted as a catalyst, compelling organisations to adopt flexible models that surpass traditional office boundaries. - [THE CORPORATE VEIL IN REVERSE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AND A CASE FOR CODIFIED REFORM IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/29/the-corporate-veil-in-reverse-a-comparative-analysis-and-a-case-for-codified-reform-in-india/) - THE CORPORATE VEIL IN REVERSE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AND A CASE FOR CODIFIED REFORM IN INDIA Gautam Bhatia, Associate at Status Quo Legal, (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.222 The principle of separate corporate personality, a cornerstone of modern commerce, has long been protected by The principle of separate corporate personality, a cornerstone of modern commerce, has long been protected by a conceptual "veil" separating the entity from its members. While the traditional piercing of this veil to hold shareholders liable for corporate debts is a well-established, if inconsistently applied, doctrine, its corollary reverse piercing remains far more controversial. This doctrine, which holds a corporation liable for the debts of its controlling shareholders, presents a profound challenge to corporate law's foundational tenets of entity shielding and separate patrimony. - [CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REFORMS AND THEIR IMPACT ON BUSINESS PRACTICES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/29/corporate-governance-reforms-and-their-impact-on-business-practices/) - CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REFORMS AND THEIR IMPACT ON BUSINESS PRACTICES Gunjan Madaan, LLM Student, School of Law, IILM University, Greater Noida (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.221 This paper examines the evolution of corporate governance changes in India, their impact on business performance, and the implementation This paper examines the evolution of corporate governance changes in India, their impact on business performance, and the implementation challenges they pose. India's corporate governance reforms have reached a crossroads. Although the changes have noble intentions, it's important to seek holistic solutions that address India's unique difficulties. Corporate governance reforms have been implemented in recent years to increase openness and accountability in business activities, including stronger disclosure standards, board independence, and regulatory supervision. - [RECONCILING TRADE AND SDG 14: STRIKING A BALANCE BETWEEN TRADE COMMITMENTS AND THE WTO FISHERIES SUBSIDIES AGREEMENT](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/28/reconciling-trade-and-sdg-14-striking-a-balance-between-trade-commitments-and-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement/) - RECONCILING TRADE AND SDG 14: STRIKING A BALANCE BETWEEN TRADE COMMITMENTS AND THE WTO FISHERIES SUBSIDIES AGREEMENT Saptashwa Banerjee, BBA.LLB, 2nd Year, Semester 4, Student at Symbiosis Law School, Pune (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.220 The members of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) came The members of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) came to a historic agreement on fisheries subsidies during the 12th Ministerial Conference in June 2022. The purpose of this agreement is to make a contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals that have been established by the United Nations Security Council. - [AN ANALYSIS ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE POLLUTER PAYS PRINCIPLE IN PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/20/an-analysis-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-polluter-pays-principle-in-promoting-sustainable-development/) - AN ANALYSIS ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE POLLUTER PAYS PRINCIPLE IN PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT S. Keerthana, B.COM LLB (hons) 4th year at Tamil Nadu Dr Ambedkar Law University, SOEL (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.219 The Polluter Pays Principle has become one of the important The Polluter Pays Principle has become one of the important elements in both domestic and International Environmental Governance. The Polluter Pays Principle was first referred to by the members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), which defines the Polluter Pays Principle as 'allocating costs of pollution prevention and control measures' in 1972, and it was also referred to in principle 16 of the Rio Declaration of 1992. - [ROLE OF INDIAN JUDICIARY IN ELECTORAL REFORMS: THE PENDING CHAPTER IN THE HISTORY OF INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/20/role-of-indian-judiciary-in-electoral-reforms-the-pending-chapter-in-the-history-of-india/) - ROLE OF INDIAN JUDICIARY IN ELECTORAL REFORMS: THE PENDING CHAPTER IN THE HISTORY OF INDIA Dr. Bhavana Dhoundiyal, LLM (IPR), IILM University, Greater Noida (India) Ms. Babita Rawat, LLM (IPR), IILM University, Greater Noida (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.218 A robust democracy requires more A robust democracy requires more than just regular elections; it must be fair, transparent, and institutionally credible. Money power, politicizing crime and finance are among the issues plaguing India’s election system. While there are constitutional provisions to ensure Parliament and Election Commission of India (ECI) to ensure free and fair elections, political inaction has left loopholes. - [PORN IN POCKET: “RAPE ON ROAD” A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE RELATION AMONG MOBILE PHONES, PORNOGRAPHY, AND RAPE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/20/porn-in-pocket-rape-on-road-a-critical-analysis-of-the-relation-among-mobile-phones-pornography-and-rape/) - PORN IN POCKET: “RAPE ON ROAD” A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE RELATION AMONG MOBILE PHONES, PORNOGRAPHY, AND RAPE Vijay Jangra, M.A. (English), B.Ed., LL.B., PGDCBM, Independent Researcher Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.217 This study aims to help readers understand the relationship among mobile phones, pornography, This study aims to help readers understand the relationship among mobile phones, pornography, and rape with special reference to India. It seeks to analyze the social conditions in which we are living and the manner in which mobile phones are misused, sometimes leading individuals towards criminal behavior. India is not only the second most populous country in the world but also has one of the largest populations of mobile and internet users. The internet has contracted the world into a small village, and people increasingly depend upon it for a wide range of activities. - [VICTIMS OF ALGORITHMIC HARM IN INDIA’S WELFARE SYSTEM: ARTICLES 14 & 21 REMEDIES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/15/victims-of-algorithmic-harm-in-indias-welfare-system-articles-14-21-remedies/) - VICTIMS OF ALGORITHMIC HARM IN INDIA’S WELFARE SYSTEM: ARTICLES 14 & 21 REMEDIES Wasif Rahman Khan, Research Scholar, Chanakya National Law University, Patna, Bihar, (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.216 India’s welfare delivery increasingly relies on digital and automated systems for identification, eligibility verification, record India’s welfare delivery increasingly relies on digital and automated systems for identification, eligibility verification, record linkage, and benefit disbursal. While these tools promise efficiency, they can also cause wrongful exclusions at scale due to data mismatches, opaque backend processing, and automated classifications treated as final. - [PROTECTING DIGNITY IN CYBERSPACE: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF JUDICIAL RESPONSES TO DIGITAL SEXUAL EXPLOITATION IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/15/protecting-dignity-in-cyberspace-a-critical-analysis-of-judicial-responses-to-digital-sexual-exploitation-in-india/) - PROTECTING DIGNITY IN CYBERSPACE: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF JUDICIAL RESPONSES TO DIGITAL SEXUAL EXPLOITATION IN INDIA Ankit Yadav, Ph.D. (Law) - Research Scholar, University School of Law & Legal Studies (USLLS), Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University (GGSIPU), Delhi (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.215 The The advent of digital technologies has transformed communication and access to information, but it has also given rise to a disturbing increase in cyber-enabled crimes, disproportionately affecting women and children. Online sexual harassment, cyberbullying, image morphing, and the circulation of child sexual exploitative and abuse material (CSEAM) are becoming alarmingly widespread, often slipping through the cracks of traditional legal mechanisms. - [ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: AN EFFECTIVE WAY TO STREAMLINE LITIGATIONS IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/15/artificial-intelligence-an-effective-way-to-streamline-litigations-in-india/) - ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: AN EFFECTIVE WAY TO STREAMLINE LITIGATIONS IN INDIA Balaji N, PhD Scholar, Reva University, Bangalore (India) Dr. Nagaraja V, Professor, Reva University, Bangalore (India) Dr. Praneetha B S, Principal, Seshadripuram Law College, Bangalore (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.214 Artificial Intelligence has become Artificial Intelligence has become key tool in today’s technologically driven world. It may be science, technology, space, medicine, commerce or accounts AI has become indispensible. This technology has indeed reduced burden on many sectors and also streamlined the procedure and helps in uniform documentation. - [GENDER IDENTITY IN THE METAVERSE: LEGAL GAPS AND SOCIETAL BARRIERS IN VIRTUAL SPACES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/15/gender-identity-in-the-metaverse-legal-gaps-and-societal-barriers-in-virtual-spaces/) - GENDER IDENTITY IN THE METAVERSE: LEGAL GAPS AND SOCIETAL BARRIERS IN VIRTUAL SPACES Annie Sharon Lloyd, 4th Year BBA LLB student at Kristu Jayanti College of Law(India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.213 This article is a product of the intersection of digital sociology, law, ethics, This article is a product of the intersection of digital sociology, law, ethics, and gender studies and discusses gender identity in the metaverse with a focus on the current legal loopholes and social obstacles that disproportionately impact non-cisgender people. First, we explain how interaction and avatar technology builds identity expression on platforms such as ZEPETO and VRChat. Research indicates that sophisticated avatar customization and applications such as voice changers enable users to navigate and validate their gender identities offline. - [BEYOND WESTERN PARADIGMS: THE KAUTILYAN TEMPLATE FOR CONTEMPORARY INDIAN STRATEGIC STATECRAFT](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/11/beyond-western-paradigms-the-kautilyan-template-for-contemporary-indian-strategic-statecraft/) - BEYOND WESTERN PARADIGMS: THE KAUTILYAN TEMPLATE FOR CONTEMPORARY INDIAN STRATEGIC STATECRAFT Siddaroodh Gururaj Ravi, BBA LLB, 1st year student at Symbiosis Law School (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.212 This study fills a critical gap in International Relations (IR) scholarship by empirically testing an ancient, - [FROM INDEPENDENCE TO ACCOUNTABILITY: REFORMING JUDICIAL APPOINTMENTS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/11/from-independence-to-accountability-reforming-judicial-appointments/) - FROM INDEPENDENCE TO ACCOUNTABILITY: REFORMING JUDICIAL APPOINTMENTS Mayur Mahajan, B.B.A. LL.B.(H) 2nd Year, Jaipur National University, Jaipur (India) Labdhi Tervecha, B.B.A. LL.B.(H) 2nd Year, Jaipur National University, Jaipur (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.211 Judicial appointments represent a vital democratic mechanism, balancing judicial independence with Judicial appointments represent a vital democratic mechanism, balancing judicial independence with public duty and transparency. This paper examines appointment systems throughout a couple of jurisdictions, reading how democracies navigate tensions among protective judicial impartiality and making sure democratic legitimacy in selection methods. Through comparative constitutional analysis of govt appointments, legislative confirmations, judicial carrier commissions, and hybrid fashions, this study identifies key demanding situations: political interference, inadequate range, opaque selection criteria, and declining public believe in judicial institutions. - [GUARDING LIBERTY OR CHOKING DISSENT? PREVENTIVE DETENTION AND THE RIGHT TO PROTEST IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/11/guarding-liberty-or-choking-dissent-preventive-detention-and-the-right-to-protest-in-india/) - GUARDING LIBERTY OR CHOKING DISSENT? PREVENTIVE DETENTION AND THE RIGHT TO PROTEST IN INDIA Maitra Varun Chotia, PhD Research Scholar, Central Sanskrit University, New Delhi (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.210 The strain between civil liberties and state security in India has become more acute The strain between civil liberties and state security in India has become more acute in the recent years, with the special preventive detention laws becoming more and more in conflict with the basic right to dissent. This paper looks into the way in which the preventive detention system in India, which is based on Article 22 of the Constitution and laws such as the National Security Act (NSA) and Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA) have been applied to dissenters and whether this application is consistent with constitutional protections and international standards. - [BALANCING BARS AND BENEFITS: THE TWIN GOALS OF EXCLUSION AND EFFICIENCY UNDER SECTION 29A OF IBC 2016](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/11/balancing-bars-and-benefits-the-twin-goals-of-exclusion-and-efficiency-under-section-29a-of-ibc-2016/) - BALANCING BARS AND BENEFITS: THE TWIN GOALS OF EXCLUSION AND EFFICIENCY UNDER SECTION 29A OF IBC 2016 Dev Shroff, 5th year, Student at Gujarat National Law University (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.209 The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (“IBC”) was enacted as a transformative The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (“IBC”) was enacted as a transformative legal framework aimed at consolidating and streamlining India’s insolvency and bankruptcy laws. Its primary objectives include ensuring timely resolution of stressed assets, safeguarding the interests of creditors and other stakeholders, and fostering a culture of credit discipline and efficient corporate governance. - [ENCOUNTER DERIVED BY PUBLIC SENTIMENTS: WHETHER PART OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/10/encounter-derived-by-public-sentiments-whether-part-of-criminal-justice-system/) - The article talks about the complex relationship between the encounter or extra judicial killings by law enforcement agencies and relative public sentiments, exploring how encounter has been influenced by the popular opinion, being legitimatized and at times being challenged for its validity in the Indian Criminal Justice System. - [IS IT CHECK AND BALANCE OR CHECKS WITHOUT BALANCE: ANALYSING THE EROSION OF SEPARATION OF POWERS IN PRACTICE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/10/is-it-check-and-balance-or-checks-without-balance-analysing-the-erosion-of-separation-of-powers-in-practice/) - This Article focuses on the key aspects of the theory of separation of power. Separation of power in its actual sense has been differed from what we see in practicality. This article gives an overview of how the separation of powers came as a theory of checks and balance and now it has overturned as the checks without balance. - [DOWRY IN INDIA BEYOND THE BNS, LEGAL PROHIBITIONS, SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE, AND THE ROLE OF MEDIA IN SUSTAINING A HISTORICAL EVIL](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/09/dowry-in-india-beyond-the-bns-legal-prohibitions-social-acceptance-and-the-role-of-media-in-sustaining-a-historical-evil/) - Despite all the legal reforms, criminalization, and reforms in social and economic conditions, dowry remains a deeply rootedand complex socialissue in India.While the BNS hasrestructured criminal laws, the problem extends far beyond the legal framework. This paper investigates the history of dowry, the stress between social acceptance and legal prohibitions, and how dowry practices happen despite attempts to eliminate them. - [CONSTITUTIONAL FEDERALISM IN PERIL: CRITICAL REAPPRAISAL OF ARTICLE 356 AND S.R. BOMMAI IN CONTEMPORARY INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/04/constitutional-federalism-in-peril-critical-reappraisal-of-article-356-and-s-r-bommai-in-contemporary-india/) - CONSTITUTIONAL FEDERALISM IN PERIL: CRITICAL REAPPRAISAL OF ARTICLE 356 AND S.R. BOMMAI IN CONTEMPORARY INDIA Aadya Singh, 3rd year, B.A.LL. B (Hons.), Integrated Law Courses, Faculty of Law, University of Delhi (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.205 The constitutional provision of President’s Rule under Article The constitutional provision of President’s Rule under Article 356 empowers the president to assume control of a State in situations of constitutional breakdown. Historically this power has been one of the most misused instruments od the Indian Constitution, often deployed to dismiss state governments on political rather than constitutional grounds. The landmark judgment of S. R. Bommai v. Union of India sought to curb this misuse by making such proclamations subject to judicial review and thus limiting president’s discretion. - [A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE WAQF ACT, 1995 AND THE UMEED ACT, 1995 (WAQF AMENDMENT ACT, 2025)](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/04/a-comparative-study-of-the-waqf-act-1995-and-the-umeed-act-1995-waqf-amendment-act-2025/) - A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE WAQF ACT, 1995 AND THE UMEED ACT, 1995 (WAQF AMENDMENT ACT, 2025) Diffia J P, Assistant Professor, Mugil College of Law, Kanniyakumari, Tamil Nadu (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.204 Waqf institutions in India have historically served as socio-religious pillars Waqf institutions in India have historically served as socio-religious pillars that support education, health care, and welfare services within the Muslim community. However, persistent governance failures under the Waqf Act, 1995 including inaccurate property documentation, encroachment, political interference, and weak accountability mechanisms have significantly undermined the developmental potential of waqf properties. - [RIGHT TO PRIVACY, A FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT: A CASE STUDY ON JUSTICE K. S. PUTTASWAMY (RETD.) & ANR. V. UNION OF INDIA & ORS., 2017](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/04/right-to-privacy-a-fundamental-right-a-case-study-on-justice-k-s-puttaswamy-retd-anr-v-union-of-india-ors-2017/) - #post_excerptRight to privacy is a complicated concept that has evolved over time and was affected by various factors. It is a multifaceted aspect which differs from person to person that seems to be easy but difficult to define. Right to privacy, in layman’s words, can be defined as the impalpable as well as physical right of any person to live freely from others’ interference or intrusion. The idea of privacy is a vague one having an intricate value. - [CLIMATE CHANGE AND NON-HUMAN VICTIMS – THE LEGAL VOID IN PROTECTING ANIMALS DURING ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTERS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/04/climate-change-and-non-human-victims-the-legal-void-in-protecting-animals-during-environmental-disasters/) - CLIMATE CHANGE AND NON-HUMAN VICTIMS – THE LEGAL VOID IN PROTECTING ANIMALS DURING ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTERS Vikrant Madhurjya, Bachelor of Commerce and Bachelor of Laws (B.Com LLB) Student at Department of Law, NEF Law College, Guwahati, Assam (India) Smriti Parashar, Bachelor of Commerce and Bachelor of Laws (B.Com LLB) Student at Department of Law, NEF Law In the theatre of climate change, the loudest cries often belong to humans, while faint echoes of non-human suffering fade unheard into the background. Climate change, though universal in nature, often remains selectively compassionate in its remedies. Each environmental catastrophe, from flood to drought, or wildfire to cyclone, leaves behind the traces of non-human invisible victims: animals are left behind to starve, die, migrate, or perish without a single legal remedy or recognition provided to them. - [DIGITAL DEMOCRACY OR DIGITAL CENSORSHIP? AN ANALYSIS OF KARNATAKA’S DRAFT FAKE NEWS LAW](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/04/digital-democracy-or-digital-censorship-an-analysis-of-karnatakas-draft-fake-news-law/) - DIGITAL DEMOCRACY OR DIGITAL CENSORSHIP? AN ANALYSIS OF KARNATAKA’S DRAFT FAKE NEWS LAW Anushka Anand, B.A.LL. B (Hons), 9th Semester, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, India Yash Vardhan Singh, B.A.LL. B (Hons), 9th Semester, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, India Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.201 “Freedom of “Freedom of speech is the bulwark of democracy; it is the first condition of liberty.” — Justice Pralhad Balacharya Gajendragadkar, Former Chief Justice of India. The emergence of digital platforms has changed our relationship to communication, there is little to no distinction among the spaces of political propaganda, citizen expression, and journalism. - [CYBER LAW IN INDIA: LOOPHOLES, LEGISLATIVE BACKWARDNESS AND THE NEED FOR COMPREHENSIVE REFORM](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/04/cyber-law-in-india-loopholes-legislative-backwardness-and-the-need-for-comprehensive-reform/) - CYBER LAW IN INDIA: LOOPHOLES, LEGISLATIVE BACKWARDNESS AND THE NEED FOR COMPREHENSIVE REFORM Subhash Kumar, LLB 2nd Year, Dayanand College of Law, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.200 India’s rapid digitalization, driven by initiatives like Digital India, Aadhaar-linked services, fintech expansion, and India’s rapid digitalization, driven by initiatives like Digital India, Aadhaar-linked services, fintech expansion, and pervasive social media use, has led to an exponential increase in cyber-dependent and cyber-enabled crimes. The National Crime Records Bureau reported 428,278 cybercrime cases in 2022, marking a 24.4% increase from 2021. - [THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK GOVERNING INTEGRATED CIRCUIT LAYOUT DESIGNS IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/04/the-legal-framework-governing-integrated-circuit-layout-designs-in-india/) - THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK GOVERNING INTEGRATED CIRCUIT LAYOUT DESIGNS IN INDIA Sulekha, National Law University Delhi (LL.M IPR) (India) Arya Verma, National Law University Delhi (LL.M IPR) (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.199 The​‍​‌‍​‍‌​‍​‌‍​‍‌ SICLD Act 2000 has been a model of a specialized legal framework The​‍​‌‍​‍‌​‍​‌‍​‍‌ SICLD Act 2000 has been a model of a specialized legal framework that India has established to meet its TRIPS obligations for the protection of the intellectual effort involved in the creation of chip topography. The Indian layout-design scheme is different from the US model which directs the protection towards products of marketed chips. The Indian scheme regards the layout-design as a separate entity. - [REIMAGING JUSTICE BEYOND THE COURTROOM: STRENGTHENING THE LANDSCAPE OF RURAL MEDIATION THROUGH TRANSFORMATIVE MODEL OF JSS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/04/reimaging-justice-beyond-the-courtroom-strengthening-the-landscape-of-rural-mediation-through-transformative-model-of-jss/) - REIMAGING JUSTICE BEYOND THE COURTROOM: STRENGTHENING THE LANDSCAPE OF RURAL MEDIATION THROUGH TRANSFORMATIVE MODEL OF JSS Jaiverdhan Singh, 2nd Year, LLB(H), Student at Amity University, Noida (India) Astha Anupy, 2nd Year, LLB(H), Student at Amity University, Noida (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.198 ADR which ADR which is relatively a new concept to our country’s legal diaspora, has always been existing in cultural nuances of India. The current Indian justice delivery system is in dire need of restitution, because India failed in providing easy access to courts and ensure speedy justice. The problems in its obvious manifestation have impacted the marginalized community the most. - [JUVENILE JUSTICE IN THE DIGITAL AGE: EXAMINING CONSENT, CAPACITY, AND CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY UNDER BNS‑2023 AND OTHER LAWS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/04/juvenile-justice-in-the-digital-age-examining-consent-capacity-and-criminal-responsibility-under-bns-2023-and-other-laws/) - JUVENILE JUSTICE IN THE DIGITAL AGE: EXAMINING CONSENT, CAPACITY, AND CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY UNDER BNS‑2023 AND OTHER LAWS Rudra Pratap Singh, student, 3rd semester pursuing BALLB hons. at IILM university, Greater Noida (India) Adv. Paras Yadav, Advocate at Civil Court RDC Ghaziabad, (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy The digital age has changed how young people interact, communicate, and get involved in possibly illegal activities. With the rise of social media, online gaming, and digital platforms, issues of consent, capacity, and criminal responsibility have become more complex. - [RIGHT TO SERVICE AND THE ROLE OF CONTROLLING AUTHORITIES EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LEGAL MECHANISMS UNDER THE PAYMENT OF GRATUITY ACT, 1972](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/30/right-to-service-and-the-role-of-controlling-authorities-evaluating-the-effectiveness-of-legal-mechanisms-under-the-payment-of-gratuity-act-1972/) - RIGHT TO SERVICE AND THE ROLE OF CONTROLLING AUTHORITIES EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LEGAL MECHANISMS UNDER THE PAYMENT OF GRATUITY ACT, 1972 Bineesh P Chacko, M.Tech, MBA, LLM, Research Scholar, School of Indian legal Thought, M.G University Kottayam (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.196 The The Payment of Gratuity Act 1972 was legislated to safeguard the welfare and social security of employees across India. Its primary objective is to ensure the timely payment of gratuity to workers employed in various sectors such as factories, mines, oilfields, plantations, ports, Railway companies, shops, and other establishments. This Act establishes a framework for the obligatory provision of gratuity as a form of social security to employees upon retirement, reaching superannuation, experiencing physical incapacity, or enduring impairment of body parts. - [PERSONALITY RIGHTS: AN EMERGING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT OR A SHIELD AGAINST DEEPFAKES?](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/30/personality-rights-an-emerging-intellectual-property-right-or-a-shield-against-deepfakes/) - PERSONALITY RIGHTS: AN EMERGING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT OR A SHIELD AGAINST DEEPFAKES? Manik Tindwani, Advocate, Rajasthan High Court (India) Vidhi Jangid, Student, University Five Year Law College, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur (India) Navya Paniyar, Student, University Five Year Law College, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Personality rights now sit at a very fragile intersection of privacy, dignity, and commercial value in digital India. Rapid growth of generative AI and deepfake tools makes identity itself a manipulable asset which travels across borders in seconds. Celebrities, influencers, and ordinary users all face the risk that their face, voice, or mannerisms may be cloned for endorsement, humour, or even fraud without consent. - [CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS FOR COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT IN THE DIGITAL AGE](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/30/challenges-and-solutions-for-copyright-infringement-in-the-digital-age/) - CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS FOR COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT IN THE DIGITAL AGE Dhananjaya C, 9th semester student pursuing B.B.A LL.B at KLE Law College, Bengaluru, Karnataka (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.194 This paper examines the adequacy of India’s copyright and intermediary liability framework in responding to This paper examines the adequacy of India’s copyright and intermediary liability framework in responding to the challenges posed by algorithmically driven digital platforms and the use of copyrighted material in artificial intelligence training datasets. The research problem arises from the growing disjunction between the reactive, notice-based regime under the Copyright Act, 1957 and the Information Technology Act, 2000, and the systemic realities of content curation, recommendation and large-scale machine learning. - [ECONOMIC OFFENCE ENFORCEMENT AND JUDICIAL OVERSIGHT IN INDIA: EXAMINING THE ROLE OF THE ENFORCEMENT DIRECTORATE](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/30/economic-offence-enforcement-and-judicial-oversight-in-india-examining-the-role-of-the-enforcement-directorate/) - ECONOMIC OFFENCE ENFORCEMENT AND JUDICIAL OVERSIGHT IN INDIA: EXAMINING THE ROLE OF THE ENFORCEMENT DIRECTORATE Dr. Sakshi, PhD from Central University of Haryana (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.193 The Enforcement Directorate (ED) has emerged as one of India’s most powerful financial crime investigation agencies, The Enforcement Directorate (ED) has emerged as one of India’s most powerful financial crime investigation agencies, especially under the framework of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA). While the ED’s mandate includes tackling sophisticated economic offences, its aggressive rise since 2014 has triggered serious debate regarding its operational transparency, constitutional legitimacy, and political neutrality. This paper examines whether the ED is fulfilling its intended role as a financial watchdog or functioning increasingly as a political weapon. - [THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE FASHION INDUSTRY: NAVIGATING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS THROUGH THE LENS OF COPYRIGHT LAW](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/30/the-role-of-artificial-intelligence-in-the-fashion-industry-navigating-intellectual-property-rights-through-the-lens-of-copyright-law/) - THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE FASHION INDUSTRY: NAVIGATING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS THROUGH THE LENS OF COPYRIGHT LAW Trupti Agarkar, BA LLB (Symbiosis Law School), LLM in IPTL (Jindal Global Law School) (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.192 Every sector breathes and expands with Every sector breathes and expands with technology every day, including fashion. The fashion industry is constantly evolving and adopting new technologies, one of the most striking technologies is the Artificial Intelligence (AI). AI has multiple applications in fashion including assist in creating designs and patterns, predicting future trends, computing consumer data and improving service delivery. - [CASE ANALYSIS OF VIJAY A. MITTAL V. KULWANT RAI, CIVIL APPEAL NO. 5177 OF 2009](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/30/case-analysis-of-vijay-a-mittal-v-kulwant-rai-civil-appeal-no-5177-of-2009/) - CASE ANALYSIS OF VIJAY A. MITTAL V. KULWANT RAI, CIVIL APPEAL NO. 5177 OF 2009 Tharun. R, Advocate (Criminal Law Practitioner), LL.M. (Criminal Law), 2024–2025, CMR University School of Legal Studies (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.191 The case of Vijay A. Mittal v. Kulwant The case of Vijay A. Mittal v. Kulwant Rai stands as a landmark precedent in Indian civil procedural and Hindu personal law. It centres on a dispute concerning the specific performance of a sale agreement dated June 12, 1979, involving joint Hindu family (JHF) property. The primary legal issues addressed by the Supreme Court were the binding nature of a sale agreement executed by the karta of a JHF, the procedural validity of a suit where not all legal heirs of a deceased party were formally impleaded under Order XXII Rule 4 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (CPC), and the legal consequences of a subsequent collusive transfer made with knowledge of a prior agreement. - [DATA PROTECTION IN CYBERSPACE: A COMPARATIVE LEGAL STUDY OF INDIA’S DPDP ACT, 2023 AND THE DPDP RULES, 2025 WITH THE EU GDPR](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/27/data-protection-in-cyberspace-a-comparative-legal-study-of-indias-dpdp-act-2023-and-the-dpdp-rules-2025-with-the-eu-gdpr/) - DATA PROTECTION IN CYBERSPACE: A COMPARATIVE LEGAL STUDY OF INDIA’S DPDP ACT, 2023 AND THE DPDP RULES, 2025 WITH THE EU GDPR Aaditya Gautam Balaji, LL.M. (Cyber Law and Cyber Security) student at SRM School of Law, SRMIST (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.190 The The rapid expansion of digital technologies has intensified concerns surrounding the collection, processing and cross-border movement of personal data, prompting jurisdictions to adopt comprehensive data protection frameworks. This paper undertakes a comparative cyber law analysis of India’s Digital Personal Data Protection regime, as operationalised through the DPDP Act, 2023 and DPDP Rules, 2025, with the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). - [FINANCIAL INVESTIGATIONS AND LEGAL STANDARDS FOR FREEZING AND DEFREEZING BANK ACCOUNTS IN INDIAN CRIMINAL JURISPRUDENCE](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/23/financial-investigations-and-legal-standards-for-freezing-and-defreezing-bank-accounts-in-indian-criminal-jurisprudence/) - FINANCIAL INVESTIGATIONS AND LEGAL STANDARDS FOR FREEZING AND DEFREEZING BANK ACCOUNTS IN INDIAN CRIMINAL JURISPRUDENCE Harsh Mahipal, Advocate, Rajasthan High Court, Jaipur (India) Manik Tindwani, Advocate, Rajasthan High Court, Jaipur (India). Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.189 Financial investigations now sit at core of criminal policing Financial investigations now sit at core of criminal policing in India. Police follow money trails because digital banking leave strong evidence traces. This approach helps detect fraud, laundering, and organised financial misconduct. It also shift focus from physical seizure to data based seizure. Section 102 of Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 supports this shift. Courts treat bank account as “property” under Section 102 CrPC. Police therefore can freeze account when facts create suspicion of offence. - [A REVIEW ON JUDICIAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF UNIFORM CIVIL CODE](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/23/a-review-on-judicial-and-legal-aspects-of-uniform-civil-code/) - A REVIEW ON JUDICIAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF UNIFORM CIVIL CODE Nandini Joshi, PHD Scholar, Maharaj Vinayak Global University Jaipur (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.188 Policy Directives are delineated in Part IV of the Constitution of India. Although these principles lack legal enforceability, they Policy Directives are delineated in Part IV of the Constitution of India. Although these principles lack legal enforceability, they are vital for the governance of the country. Article 44 of the Constitution mandates the state to implement a Uniform Civil Code as a guiding principle. The Supreme Court has issued several orders for its execution; nonetheless, the highly political environment of our nation has rendered it seemingly unattainable. - [STRIKING A BALANCE BETWEEN INNOVATION AND ACCESS: AN ANALYSIS OF THE FAIR DEALING PROVISIONS UNDER INDIAN COPYRIGHT LAW](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/22/striking-a-balance-between-innovation-and-access-an-analysis-of-the-fair-dealing-provisions-under-indian-copyright-law/) - STRIKING A BALANCE BETWEEN INNOVATION AND ACCESS: AN ANALYSIS OF THE FAIR DEALING PROVISIONS UNDER INDIAN COPYRIGHT LAW Sohini Seal, BBA-LLB(H) 5th Year Student at Techno India University (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.187 Fair dealing operates as a statutory limitation on the exclusive rights Fair dealing operates as a statutory limitation on the exclusive rights of copyright holders, seeking to reconcile the protection of creative expression with the public’s right to access knowledge. In India, this balance is embodied in Section 52 of the Copyright Act, 1957, which adopts a closed-list approach by enumerating specific permissible purposes such as private use, research, education, criticism, review, and reporting of current events. - [A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF JOINDER OF NON-SIGNATORIES IN INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/22/a-critical-analysis-of-joinder-of-non-signatories-in-international-arbitration/) - A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF JOINDER OF NON-SIGNATORIES IN INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION Apeksha Devaraju, Advocate at Cads Legal, Bengaluru (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.186 Arbitration has always been viewed as a preferable method of dispute resolution in cross-border trade, due to its effectiveness, privacy and enforceability. Arbitration has always been viewed as a preferable method of dispute resolution in cross-border trade, due to its effectiveness, privacy and enforceability. Yet, one issue that persists in arbitration law is the treatment of parties who are directly involved in the ‐underlying transaction, even if they are not signatories to the arbitration agreement. This paper is driven by the important question of whether it is legally legitimate and practically useful to permit such non-signatories to join in the arbitral process. - [ALGORITHMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT (AIA) AND THE FUTURE OF AI REGULATION IN BANGLADESH: CHALLENGES, GLOBAL MODELS, AND LEGAL REFORMS](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/22/algorithmic-impact-assessment-aia-and-the-future-of-ai-regulation-in-bangladesh-challenges-global-models-and-legal-reforms/) - ALGORITHMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT (AIA) AND THE FUTURE OF AI REGULATION IN BANGLADESH: CHALLENGES, GLOBAL MODELS, AND LEGAL REFORMS Nabiur Rahman zisan, Green university of Bangladesh, department of law 3rd year Student, (Bangladesh) Mobashir Akbar Khan, Student Department of Law Green University 3rd years ongoing, (Bangladesh) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA The application of artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionised the healthcare sector, finances, and even the police, yet it also leads to numerous risks, including discrimination, breach of privacy, and biased judgment. Algorithmic Impact Assessment (AIA) is one of the tools that is used to manage these risks. AIA is an approach that contributes to assessing and reducing the possible damages of AI systems in advance and after their activation as well. This research paper delves into the issue of AIA in the regulatory setup of Bangladesh. - [MEDIA TRIAL & JUSTICE: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/22/media-trial-justice-a-critical-analysis/) - MEDIA TRIAL & JUSTICE: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS Sholanki Bhowmik, Assistant Professor of Law, Saroj International University, Lucknow (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.184 This study explores the growing phenomenon of media trials in India and its complex relationship with the justice system. Although the media This study explores the growing phenomenon of media trials in India and its complex relationship with the justice system. Although the media is often celebrated as the “fourth pillar of democracy,” its conduct in high-profile criminal cases has raised difficult questions about fairness, ethics, and the limits of press freedom. Over the years, news reporting has moved beyond its traditional role of informing the public and has, at times, taken the shape of parallel investigations that frame narratives long before courts begin their work. - [GAUTAM NAVLAKHA VS. NATIONAL INVESTIGATION AGENCY, CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 510 OF 2021](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/22/gautam-navlakha-vs-national-investigation-agency-criminal-appeal-no-510-of-2021/) - GAUTAM NAVLAKHA VS. NATIONAL INVESTIGATION AGENCY, CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 510 OF 2021 Tharun R, Advocate (Criminal Law Practitioner) (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.183 A prominent case that has drawn a lot of attention and stirred a lot of controversy in India is Gautam Navlakha A prominent case that has drawn a lot of attention and stirred a lot of controversy in India is Gautam Navlakha v. NIA. It centres on the National Investigation Agency’s (NIA) detention of journalist and human rights activist Gautam Navlakha on suspicion of taking part in the Bhima Koregaon violence case. Questions about human rights, free expression, and the ability of the state to muzzle dissident voices have all been raised by this case. Concerns have also been expressed concerning the growing practise of designating activists as "urban naxals" and putting them at risk of prosecution under harsh laws like the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA). The matter made it to the Supreme Court, which had to determine whether the petitioner’s 34 days of house arrest could be added to the 90 days needed to request default bail under Section 167 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC). The ruling established multiple precedents, including a new level of police and court custody, and offered instructions for making Section 167 home arrest orders. - [PERSONAL LAWS VS. CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS: THE ROLE OF JUDICIAL PROCESS IN ADVANCING GENDER JUSTICE](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/22/personal-laws-vs-constitutional-rights-the-role-of-judicial-process-in-advancing-gender-justice/) - PERSONAL LAWS VS. CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS: THE ROLE OF JUDICIAL PROCESS IN ADVANCING GENDER JUSTICE Dhriti Kochhar, LL.M. (Criminology), IILM University, Noida (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.182 Indian courts face a difficult challenge: how to balance religious personal laws with the Constitution’s promise of equality Indian courts face a difficult challenge: how to balance religious personal laws with the Constitution's promise of equality and justice for all citizens. This conflict is most visible in women's rights cases, where religious traditions often deny women equal treatment. Important cases like Mohd. Ahmed Khan v. Shah Bano Begum (1985), Danial Latifi v. Union of India (2001), Shayara Bano v. Union of India (2017), and ongoing cases like Sameena Begum v. Union of India on polygamy and nikah halala show how courts are trying to protect women's rights while respecting religious freedom. - [A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF THE SEBI ACT, 1992: REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, CHALLENGES, AND EMERGING REFORMS](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/19/a-comprehensive-study-of-the-sebi-act-1992-regulatory-framework-challenges-and-emerging-reforms/) - A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF THE SEBI ACT, 1992: REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, CHALLENGES, AND EMERGING REFORMS Radhika Kapoor, LLM Student at Amity Law School, Noida (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.179 The Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992 represents a pivotal moment in the evolution The Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992 represents a pivotal moment in the evolution of India’s capital market regulation. Enacted in response to organized market failures, insider trading scandals, and investor exploitation, the Act established SEBI as a statutory regulatory authority assigned with legislative, executive, and quasi-judicial force. Over the past three decades, SEBI has transformed the securities market by introducing reforms focused on transparency, investor protection, efficient market operations, and corporate governance. - [ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVISM AND PILS IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/19/environmental-activism-and-pils-in-india/) - ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVISM AND PILS IN INDIA T. JEBA VASANTH, BA.LLB(HONS) Student Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.181 In India’s ecological defines landscape, Public Interest Litigation (PIL) has become a game-changing legal tool that has radically changed the way environmental justice is sought and attained. PIL has In India's ecological defines landscape, Public Interest Litigation (PIL) has become a game-changing legal tool that has radically changed the way environmental justice is sought and attained. PIL has enabled individuals, groups, and environmental activists to directly petition the court on behalf of public issues since the 1980s, eschewing the conventional legal standing criteria that hitherto impeded environmental campaigning. Through historic cases like Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum v. Union of India, T.N. Goda Varman Thirumulpad v. Union of India, and M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (Ganga Pollution Case), the Indian judiciary especially the Supreme Court and High Courts has used PIL to broaden environmental jurisprudence. - [THE ROLE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN PROMOTING GREEN TECHNOLOGIES](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/19/the-role-of-intellectual-property-rights-in-promoting-green-technologies/) - THE ROLE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN PROMOTING GREEN TECHNOLOGIES M. David Ziegan Paul, BA.,LLB., (Hons) Student at Bharath Institute of Law, Chennai, Tamil Nadu (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.180 Climate change has emerged as one of the most pressing global challenges, requiring immediate Climate change has emerged as one of the most pressing global challenges, requiring immediate and innovative solutions. In this context, green technologies those designed to reduce environmental harm and promote sustainability play a crucial role. The protection and promotion of these technologies largely depend on the legal framework of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). IPR not only safeguards the interests of inventors but also encourages innovation by granting exclusive rights, thereby stimulating research and development in eco-friendly technologies. This paper examines the vital relationship between IPR and environmental sustainability from a legal perspective. - [DIGITAL GOVERNANCE AND LEGAL RIGHTS: A STUDY UNDER CONSTITUTIONAL JURISPRUDENCE](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/18/digital-governance-and-legal-rights-a-study-under-constitutional-jurisprudence/) - DIGITAL GOVERNANCE AND LEGAL RIGHTS: A STUDY UNDER CONSTITUTIONAL JURISPRUDENCE Sairee Ghosh, 5 YR B.A. LL.B. (Calcutta University), LL.M. (Pursuing) (Vidyasagar University) (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.178 Waves of technical innovation in recent decades have greatly enhanced people’s quality of life. In the meantime, Waves of technical innovation in recent decades have greatly enhanced people's quality of life. In the meantime, complaints about technological inequities have grown, including unequal economic distribution and racial discrimination. Experts have warned that emerging technology, such as Artificial Intelligence, might have disastrous consequences, predicting that it could spark World War III. - [FROM PLEDGES TO PROSECUTION: THE ROLE OF CLIMATE LITIGATION IN ENFORCING NET-ZERO COMMITMENTS](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/18/from-pledges-to-prosecution-the-role-of-climate-litigation-in-enforcing-net-zero-commitments/) - FROM PLEDGES TO PROSECUTION: THE ROLE OF CLIMATE LITIGATION IN ENFORCING NET-ZERO COMMITMENTS Nitesh Kumar, Prof. at Vijaybhoomi University (School of Law), (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.177 Net-zero pledges have become the most important part of modern climate policy. This is because countries and Net-zero pledges have become the most important part of modern climate policy. This is because countries and businesses have agreed to cut or balance their greenhouse gas emissions by the middle of the century to meet the Paris Agreement's temperature objectives. But the lack of instruments that can be used to enforce the rules has created a big gap in accountability between goals and actions. In response, climate litigation has developed worldwide as an effective means of transforming political climate promises into binding legal obligations. - [OPACITY, EQUALITY, AND POLITICAL FINANCE: EVALUATING THE SUPREME COURT'S 2024 VERDICT ON ELECTORAL BONDS](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/18/opacity-equality-and-political-finance-evaluating-the-supreme-courts-2024-verdict-on-electoral-bonds/) - OPACITY, EQUALITY, AND POLITICAL FINANCE: EVALUATING THE SUPREME COURT'S 2024 VERDICT ON ELECTORAL BONDS Advocate Arundhati Thakur, LL.M (Corporate Law), IILM University, Greater Noida (India) Dr. Bhavana Dhoundiyal, Assistant Professor, IILM University, Greater Noida (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.176 This research critically explores the This research critically explores the Supreme Court of India’s landmark 2024 judgment that struck down the Electoral Bonds Scheme (EBS) along with the related amendments to the Representation of the People Act, the Companies Act, and the Income Tax Act. Adopting both doctrinal and comparative perspectives, the study engages with questions of transparency in political funding, constitutional rights, and the wider implications for safeguarding free and fair elections in India. - [CAPITAL PUNISHMENT AND REHABILITATION METHODS IN GANDHIAN VIEWS ON THE PRISON SYSTEM](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/18/capital-punishment-and-rehabilitation-methods-in-gandhian-views-on-the-prison-system/) - CAPITAL PUNISHMENT AND REHABILITATION METHODS IN GANDHIAN VIEWS ON THE PRISON SYSTEM Dilsha.S, Research Scholar Department of Gandhian Thought and Peace Science, Gandhigram Rural Institute (DU), Gandhigram, Tamil Nadu, (India) Dr.R.Mani, Professor and HoD Department of Gandhian Thought and Peace Science, Gandhigram Rural Institute (DU), Gandhigram, Tamil Nadu, (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × The relationship between the death penalty and rehabilitation in the Indian criminal justice system is examined in this study, with a particular emphasis on Gandhian ideas. Despite ongoing discussions on its morality and legality, India has maintained the death sentence for the "rarest of rare" cases over time. According to Amnesty International (2021), there is insufficient proof to conclude that the death penalty deters significant crimes, despite its intended deterrent effect. Meanwhile, rehabilitation has become a more constructive and humane option. - [TRAUMA-INFORMED POLICING IN CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE CASES: IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES IN THE INDIAN CONTEXT](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/18/trauma-informed-policing-in-child-sexual-abuse-cases-implementation-challenges-in-the-indian-context/) - TRAUMA-INFORMED POLICING IN CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE CASES: IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES IN THE INDIAN CONTEXT Aditya Gupta, Research Scholar, Department of Law, Research Center - Govt. State Level Law PG College, Bhopal (India) Prof. Dr. Roma Mukherjee, Professor, Department of Law, Research Center - Govt. State Level Law PG College, Bhopal (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper Child sexual abuse remains one of the most heinous crimes against vulnerable populations, with far-reaching psychological, social, and legal implications. In India, despite progressive legislative frameworks such as the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012, the investigation and prosecution of child sexual abuse cases face significant challenges rooted in traditional policing methods that often re-traumatize victims. - [IMPACT OF THE DIGITAL PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION ACT ON LAW-ENFORCEMENT INVESTIGATIONS](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/18/impact-of-the-digital-personal-data-protection-act-on-law-enforcement-investigations/) - IMPACT OF THE DIGITAL PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION ACT ON LAW-ENFORCEMENT INVESTIGATIONS Jyoti, LL. M. Student at School of Law, Bennett University, Greater Noida, U.P., (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.173 India’s data privacy paradigm has been revitalised through the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 India’s data privacy paradigm has been revitalised through the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPDP Act), which demands vigorous protection of personal data and, at the same time, extends some important exemptions to the law enforcement agencies. One of the major reasons for this Act getting into place was the expected increase in cybercrimes in 2025, their types including ransomware attacks, encrypted terror communications, etc. - [TOWARDS A BALANCED MALPRACTICE SYSTEM: ASSESSING THE ROLE OF KEY NEGLIGENCE DOCTRINES IN MODERN MEDICAL LITIGATION](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/17/towards-a-balanced-malpractice-system-assessing-the-role-of-key-negligence-doctrines-in-modern-medical-litigation/) - TOWARDS A BALANCED MALPRACTICE SYSTEM: ASSESSING THE ROLE OF KEY NEGLIGENCE DOCTRINES IN MODERN MEDICAL LITIGATION Nirmala K, The Tamil Nadu Dr Ambedkar Law University, School of Excellence in Law, Chennai (India). Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.172 Medical malpractice litigation has undergone a significant transformation - [CYBERCRIME POLICING VS. CITIZEN RIGHTS: A STUDY ON BANK ACCOUNT FREEZING IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/16/cybercrime-policing-vs-citizen-rights-a-study-on-bank-account-freezing-in-india/) - #post_excerptCybercrime has rapidly emerged as one of India’s most complex law enforcement challenges, fuelled by the explosive growth of digital payments and the increasing sophistication of online fraud. To prevent dissipation of suspected proceeds of crime, Cyber Cells frequently resort to freezing bank accounts under Section 102 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. However, my study reveals that such freezes are often imposed without adequate scrutiny, notice, or judicial oversight, resulting in significant procedural and constitutional concerns. - [PROPERTY MANAGEMENT VS. RELIGIOUS PRACTICE: ANALYSE CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES OF WAQF REGULATIONS](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/16/property-management-vs-religious-practice-analyse-contemporary-challenges-of-waqf-regulations/) - PROPERTY MANAGEMENT VS. RELIGIOUS PRACTICE: ANALYSE CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES OF WAQF REGULATIONS Soumya Patnaik, 3rd Year- BBA LLB (Hons) Student at Birla Global University, Odisha (India) Tithi Naskar, 3rd Year- BBA LLB (Hons) Student at Birla Global University, Odisha (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.170 The The comprehensive analysis concludes that the Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2025, which renames the principal legislation to the Unified Waqf Management, Empowerment, Efficiency, and Development Act, 1995, successfully addresses critical historical administrative and financial failings concerning Mutawalli (Waqf manager) accountability. This success is achieved through several structural mechanisms: the acceleration of removal procedures under the amended Section 64, the enforcement of stringent compliance standards, and the introduction of robust judicial review via the appellate provisions of Section 83(9). The Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2025, has introduced one of the most contentious legislative changes in the history of Islamic endowment law in India by prospectively abolishing the concept of Waqf by User (Section 4(ix)(b)). - [STOCK MARKET VOLATILITY: FROM CAUSES TO CONSEQUENCES](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/16/stock-market-volatility-from-causes-to-consequences/) - STOCK MARKET VOLATILITY: FROM CAUSES TO CONSEQUENCES Anuj Wankhade, Research Scholar at Vishwakarma University, Pune (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.169 Asset return volatility has become a central focus for investors, policymakers, portfolio managers, brokers, academicians, and regulators, as it significantly influences financial decision-making and Asset return volatility has become a central focus for investors, policymakers, portfolio managers, brokers, academicians, and regulators, as it significantly influences financial decision-making and capital market performance. - [(“RETRACTED ARTICLE”) HARNESSING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY FOR CLIMATE ACTION: PROMOTING GREEN INNOVATION THROUGH LEGAL REFORM](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/13/harnessing-intellectual-property-for-climate-action-promoting-green-innovation-through-legal-reform/) - RETRACTED ARTICLE HARNESSING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY FOR CLIMATE ACTION: PROMOTING GREEN INNOVATION THROUGH LEGAL REFORM This article has been retracted and should not be cited as a research article. The DOI is retained solely for record purposes. Arya Verma, LL.M IPR, National Law University Delhi (India) doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.163 RETRACTION NOTICETitle: Harnessing Intellectual Property for Climate Action: Promoting - [DETENTION CAMPS IN INDIA: LEGAL CONCERNS AND PATHWAYS TO REFORM](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/13/detention-camps-in-india-legal-concerns-and-pathways-to-reform/) - DETENTION CAMPS IN INDIA: LEGAL CONCERNS AND PATHWAYS TO REFORM Biprajit Chatterjee, B.A.LL.B, 4th Year, 7th Semester Student at West Bengal (India) Taniya Deb, B.A.LL.B, 4th Year, 7th Semester Student at West Bengal (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.168 This study explores the operation of - [HINDUTVA, POLITICS, AND KHALISTAN: A STUDY ON THE RE-IGNITION OF THE KHALISTAN MOVEMENT IN THE 21ST CENTURY](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/13/hindutva-politics-and-khalistan-a-study-on-the-re-ignition-of-the-khalistan-movement-in-the-21st-century/) - HINDUTVA, POLITICS, AND KHALISTAN: A STUDY ON THE RE-IGNITION OF THE KHALISTAN MOVEMENT IN THE 21ST CENTURY Anuradha Padhy, Associate Faculty at Vijaybhoomi University, Maharashtra (India) Pallavi Chikkala, Associate Faculty at Vijaybhoomi University, Maharashtra (India) Ujjwala Karambhe, Associate Faculty at Vijaybhoomi University, Maharashtra (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago - [THE VANISHING NATIONS AND THE LEGAL RIGHTS OF CLIMATE REFUGEES FROM SINKING ISLAND STATES](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/13/the-vanishing-nations-and-the-legal-rights-of-climate-refugees-from-sinking-island-states/) - THE VANISHING NATIONS AND THE LEGAL RIGHTS OF CLIMATE REFUGEES FROM SINKING ISLAND STATES Anbunila P, 4TH (BBA LLB HONS), BHARATH INSTITUTE OF LAW – BIHER, Chennai (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.166 Whole nations are slowly going underwater not due to war or poverty, - [PRISON OVERCROWDING IN INDIA: A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF CAUSES, EFFECTS, AND REFORM MEASURES](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/13/prison-overcrowding-in-india-a-comprehensive-study-of-causes-effects-and-reform-measures/) - PRISON OVERCROWDING IN INDIA: A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF CAUSES, EFFECTS, AND REFORM MEASURES Chaitali Das, LLM, Department of Law, Murshidabad University (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.165 Overcrowding in Indian prisons has become one of the leading issues in the criminal justice system. Ample of - [RECOGNISING THE UNRECOGNISED: THE PURSUIT OF IDENTITY AND DIGNITY BY TRANSGENDER PERSONS IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/13/recognising-the-unrecognised-the-pursuit-of-identity-and-dignity-by-transgender-persons-in-india/) - RECOGNISING THE UNRECOGNISED: THE PURSUIT OF IDENTITY AND DIGNITY BY TRANSGENDER PERSONS IN INDIA K.Abitha, Pursuing LLM at Government Law college at Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.164 Transgender persons in India have historically endured social exclusion, marginalisation, and systemic denial of - [REGULATORY EQUILIBRIUM IN EMERGING MARKETS: SAFEGUARDING CONSUMERS WHILE PRESERVING FINTECH INNOVATION UNDER NATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORKS IN SOUTH ASIA](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/13/regulatory-equilibrium-in-emerging-markets-safeguarding-consumers-while-preserving-fintech-innovation-under-national-legal-frameworks-in-south-asia/) - REGULATORY EQUILIBRIUM IN EMERGING MARKETS: SAFEGUARDING CONSUMERS WHILE PRESERVING FINTECH INNOVATION UNDER NATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORKS IN SOUTH ASIA Anmol Singhal, 4th Year B.A. LL.B Student at Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) New Law College, Pune (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.162 The rapid proliferation - [CONSUMER JUSTICE, MEDICAL NEGLIGENCE AND JUDICIAL RESTRAINT: A COMMENT ON DEEP NURSING HOME V. MANMEET SINGH MATTEWAL (2025 INSC 1094)](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/12/consumer-justice-medical-negligence-and-judicial-restraint-a-comment-on-deep-nursing-home-v-manmeet-singh-mattewal-2025-insc-1094/) - CONSUMER JUSTICE, MEDICAL NEGLIGENCE AND JUDICIAL RESTRAINT: A COMMENT ON DEEP NURSING HOME V. MANMEET SINGH MATTEWAL (2025 INSC 1094) Appoorvaa S, 2nd Year LL.M (Criminal Law and Criminal Justice Administration), School of Excellence in Law, The Tamilnadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University, Chennai (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago - [GUARDIANS OF HERITAGE, ENGINES OF TRADE: GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS AND INDIANS GLOBAL FOOTPRINT](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/06/guardians-of-heritage-engines-of-trade-geographical-indications-and-indians-global-footprint/) - Geographical Indications (GIs) represent one of the most vibrant crossroads of trade, intellectual property, and cultural background in international law. Th.. - [UNMASKING SHELL COMPANIES: AN INDIAN CORPORATE LAW ASSESSMENT](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/05/unmasking-shell-companies-an-indian-corporate-law-assessment/) - UNMASKING SHELL COMPANIES: AN INDIAN CORPORATE LAW ASSESSMENT Snehal Bajpeyee, National Law University and Judicial Academy, Assam (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.159 This paper examines the complex role of shell companies within India’s corporate and financial ecosystem, emphasising their dual character as both legitimate - [DEEPFAKE AI AND CRIMINAL LAW: A NEW AGE THREAT TO WOMEN’S SAFETY](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/05/deepfake-ai-and-criminal-law-a-new-age-threat-to-womens-safety/) - DEEPFAKE AI AND CRIMINAL LAW: A NEW AGE THREAT TO WOMEN’S SAFETY Srishti Sehgal, B.A. LL.B (Hons.), K.R. Mangalam University (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.158 Technological innovation in Artificial Intelligence (AI) has given rise to “deepfakes” — hyper-realistic synthetic images, videos, and audio generated - [THE STANDARD OF PROOF IN CRIMINAL CASES: BALANCING JUSTICE AND FAIRNESS IN THE JUDICIAL PROCESS](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/05/the-standard-of-proof-in-criminal-cases-balancing-justice-and-fairness-in-the-judicial-process/) - THE STANDARD OF PROOF IN CRIMINAL CASES: BALANCING JUSTICE AND FAIRNESS IN THE JUDICIAL PROCESS Mayank Kumar, 1st Semester LLM, IILM University (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.157 The standard of proof is a crucial defence in criminal law that keeps people from being wrongfully - [SOVEREIGNTY AND RIGHTS: CHALLENGES OF DIGITAL CONSTITUTIONALISM FOR INDIA IN THE AGE OF GLOBAL INTERNET GOVERNANCE, WITH COMPARATIVE INSIGHTS FROM FRANCE](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/05/sovereignty-and-rights-challenges-of-digital-constitutionalism-for-india-in-the-age-of-global-internet-governance-with-comparative-insights-from-france/) - SOVEREIGNTY AND RIGHTS: CHALLENGES OF DIGITAL CONSTITUTIONALISM FOR INDIA IN THE AGE OF GLOBAL INTERNET GOVERNANCE, WITH COMPARATIVE INSIGHTS FROM FRANCE Rushikesh Suresh Belagali, Student of LLM (IP) At Amity Law school, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.156 The conflict - [AN ANALYSIS OF GUARDIAN OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS FOR STREET VENDORS OF DELHI](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/05/an-analysis-of-guardian-of-fundamental-rights-for-street-vendors-of-delhi/) - AN ANALYSIS OF GUARDIAN OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS FOR STREET VENDORS OF DELHI Pralika Chakraborty, LLM (IP)/ 1st Year/ 1st semester Amity Law School, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.155 In India’s urban economy, street vendors play a crucial role by - [IMPRESSIONS TO ALGORITHMS: EVALUATING DEEP LEARNING METHODS FOR TOOLMARK MATCHING AND SOURCE ATTRIBUTION](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/05/impressions-to-algorithms-evaluating-deep-learning-methods-for-toolmark-matching-and-source-attribution/) - IMPRESSIONS TO ALGORITHMS: EVALUATING DEEP LEARNING METHODS FOR TOOLMARK MATCHING AND SOURCE ATTRIBUTION Sakthi Priyadharshini. K, 2nd Year LL.M (Crime and Forensic law), The Tamilnadu Dr.Ambedkar Law University, The School of Excellence in Law, Chennai (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.154 Forensic science has historically - [COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TRADITIONAL AND MODERN TECHNIQUES IN TOOLMARKS: A FORENSIC SCIENCE PERSPECTIVE](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/05/comparative-analysis-of-traditional-and-modern-techniques-in-toolmarks-a-forensic-science-perspective/) - COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TRADITIONAL AND MODERN TECHNIQUES IN TOOLMARKS: A FORENSIC SCIENCE PERSPECTIVE Aswathy N C, LLM, Crime and Forensic Law, The Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University, School of Excellence in Law, Chennai (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.153 Toolmark examination has been a - [ROLE OF TOOLMARK EVIDENCE IN LINKING SUSPECTS TO CRIME SCENE](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/05/role-of-toolmark-evidence-in-linking-suspects-to-crime-scene/) - ROLE OF TOOLMARK EVIDENCE IN LINKING SUSPECTS TO CRIME SCENE Lavael Selsiya A, The Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University, School of Excellence in Law, Chennai (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.152 This paper examines the forensic significance of toolmark evidence in establishing definitive physical - [ONLINE DISPUTE RESOLUTION (ODR) AND ACCESS TO JUSTICE IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/05/online-dispute-resolution-odr-and-access-to-justice-in-india/) - ONLINE DISPUTE RESOLUTION (ODR) AND ACCESS TO JUSTICE IN INDIA Dr. Madhuri D. 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Lakshya Kaushish, LL.M. in Corporate & Finance (2025-26), 1st Trimester, Student at OP Jindal Global University, Sonipat, Haryana, India Adv. Plabanee Patnaik, Legal Manager at Aditya Birla Capital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: - [MENSTRUAL HEALTH UNDER THE EXPANSIVE CANOPY OF RIGHTS: A CRITICAL LEGAL APPRAISAL OF THE INDIAN FRAMEWORK](https://lijdlr.com/2025/08/22/menstrual-health-under-the-expansive-canopy-of-rights-a-critical-legal-appraisal-of-the-indian-framework/) - MENSTRUAL HEALTH UNDER THE EXPANSIVE CANOPY OF RIGHTS: A CRITICAL LEGAL APPRAISAL OF THE INDIAN FRAMEWORK Kritanjali Purkayastha, LL.M (Human Rights Law) (Postgraduate) Department of Law, Tezpur University, India Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.83 Health is a fundamental human right essential for human dignity and - [RETHINKING INVENTORSHIP AND PATENT ELIGIBILITY IN AN AGE OF AI: A STUDY ON PATENTS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE](https://lijdlr.com/2025/07/31/rethinking-inventorship-and-patent-eligibility-in-an-age-of-ai-a-study-on-patents-and-artificial-intelligence/) - RETHINKING INVENTORSHIP AND PATENT ELIGIBILITY IN AN AGE OF AI: A STUDY ON PATENTS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Atheesha M. V., Sree Narayana Law College, Poothotta, Affiliated to Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala Vignesh R Bhat, Sree Narayana Law College, Poothotta, Affiliated to Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard - [BRIDGING INNOVATION AND ACCESS: THE ROLE OF PATENTS IN GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER](https://lijdlr.com/2025/07/31/bridging-innovation-and-access-the-role-of-patents-in-global-technology-transfer/) - BRIDGING INNOVATION AND ACCESS: THE ROLE OF PATENTS IN GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER Ayush Tiwari, 5th Year B.A.LL. B (H) Student at Hidayatullah National Law University, Chhattisgarh Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.80 This research paper delves into the intricate relationship between patent protection and technology transfer, - [CROSS-BORDER MERGERS IN INDIA - LEGAL CHALLENGES AND REFORMS](https://lijdlr.com/2025/07/31/cross-border-mergers-in-indialegal-challenges-and-reforms/) - CROSS-BORDER MERGERS IN INDIA - LEGAL CHALLENGES AND REFORMS Hiranya R, 8th Semester, BBALLB[H] Student at Presidency University, Bangalore. Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.79 Cross-border mergers have emerged as a crucial mechanism for corporate restructuring in the context of globalization, particularly within India’s liberalized economic - [THE REGULATORY CONUNDRUM: A MULTIDIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE DIGITAL PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION ACT, 2023, AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR INDIAN STARTUPS](https://lijdlr.com/2025/07/31/the-regulatory-conundrum-a-multidimensional-analysis-of-the-digital-personal-data-protection-act-2023-and-its-implications-for-indian-startups/) - THE REGULATORY CONUNDRUM: A MULTIDIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE DIGITAL PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION ACT, 2023, AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR INDIAN STARTUPS Parul Shukla, Law Centre II, University of Delhi. Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.78 The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPDP Act), marks India’s first - [REIMAGINING BAIL JURISPRUDENCE UNDER THE PREVENTION OF MONEY LAUNDERING ACT: CONSTITUTIONAL CHALLENGES AND THE REVERSE BURDEN PARADIGM](https://lijdlr.com/2025/07/31/reimagining-bail-jurisprudence-under-the-prevention-of-money-laundering-act-constitutional-challenges-and-the-reverse-burden-paradigm/) - REIMAGINING BAIL JURISPRUDENCE UNDER THE PREVENTION OF MONEY LAUNDERING ACT: CONSTITUTIONAL CHALLENGES AND THE REVERSE BURDEN PARADIGM Shreyashi Verma, BBA-LL.B., Third Year, Student at Institute of Legal Studies- SRMU, Lucknow. Ahmed Mehdi Khan, LL.B., Third Year, Student at University of Lucknow. Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation - [CORPORATE COMPLICITY IN CONFLICT ZONES: LEGAL IMPLICATIONS OF GOOGLE’S ACQUISITION OF WIZ UNDER INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL AND HUMANITARIAN LAW](https://lijdlr.com/2025/07/31/corporate-complicity-in-conflict-zones-legal-implications-of-googles-acquisition-of-wiz-under-international-criminal-and-humanitarian-law/) - CORPORATE COMPLICITY IN CONFLICT ZONES: LEGAL IMPLICATIONS OF GOOGLE’S ACQUISITION OF WIZ UNDER INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL AND HUMANITARIAN LAW Sumedha Pradhan, 3rd year student at National Law University Odisha Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.74 This article investigates the evolving doctrine of corporate complicity in international law - [PREDICTIVE POLICING AND CONSTITUTIONAL MORALITY: AN EVALUATION OF AI-BASED CRIME FORECASTING TECHNOLOGIES IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2025/07/31/predictive-policing-and-constitutional-morality-an-evaluation-of-ai-based-crime-forecasting-technologies-in-india/) - PREDICTIVE POLICING AND CONSTITUTIONAL MORALITY: AN EVALUATION OF AI-BASED CRIME FORECASTING TECHNOLOGIES IN INDIA KAVIDHARANI R, Presidency University, Bangalore Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.75 The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in law enforcement has led to the rise of predictive policing, an emerging technique that - [CORPORATE DEBT RESTRUCTURING: LEGAL INTERSECTION OF COMPANY LAW AND IBC](https://lijdlr.com/2025/07/31/corporate-debt-restructuring-cdr-is-a-critical-mechanism-within-indias-financial-ecosystem-designed-to-facilitate-the-revival-of-financially-distressed-companies-while-safeguarding-broader/) - CORPORATE DEBT RESTRUCTURING: LEGAL INTERSECTION OF COMPANY LAW AND IBC Karthikeyan D, Presidency University Bengaluru Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.76 Corporate Debt Restructuring (CDR) is a critical mechanism within India’s financial ecosystem, designed to facilitate the revival of financially distressed companies while safeguarding broader economic - [DEATH PENALTY AND HUMAN RIGHTS: A LEGAL AND ETHICAL DIMENSIONS REGARDING CAPITAL PUNISHMENT](https://lijdlr.com/2025/07/21/death-penalty-and-human-rights-a-legal-and-ethical-dimensions-regarding-capital-punishment/) - Portfolio and risk management are pivotal components of the financial markets, driving the investment decisions of individuals, institutions, and corporations. This paper explores the intricacies of constructing and managing - [PAW AND THE LAW - A STUDY CONCERNING THE BAN ON DOG BREEDS AND COMPARISON WITH BREED-SPECIFIC LEGISLATION](https://lijdlr.com/2025/07/21/paw-and-the-law-a-study-concerning-the-ban-on-dog-breeds-and-comparison-with-breed-specific-legislation/) - Portfolio and risk management are pivotal components of the financial markets, driving the investment decisions of individuals, institutions, and corporations. This paper explores the intricacies of constructing and managing - [PORTFOLIO AND RISK MANAGEMENT](https://lijdlr.com/2025/07/13/portfolio-and-risk-management/) - Portfolio and risk management are pivotal components of the financial markets, driving the investment decisions of individuals, institutions, and corporations.. - [RECALIBRATING FREE SPEECH IN INDIA’S DIGITAL AGE: BALANCING EXPRESSION, NATIONAL INTEGRITY AND THE GLOBAL DEMOCRATIC CHALLENGES](https://lijdlr.com/2025/07/13/recalibrating-free-speech-in-indias-digital-age-balancing-expression-national-integrity-and-the-global-democratic-challenges/) - In the digital age, India is witnessing an intensifying clash between constitutional free speech protections and state-imposed restrictions rooted in natio.... - [COMPETITION COMMISSION OF INDIA V. SCHOTT GLASS INDIA PVT. LTD., (2025) 13TH MAY, SUPREME COURT OF INDIA; CIVIL APPEALS 5843 & 9998 OF 2014](https://lijdlr.com/2025/07/13/competition-commission-of-india-v-schott-glass-india-pvt-ltd-2025-13th-may-supreme-court-of-india-civil-appeals-5843-9998-of-2014/) - This Supreme Court ruling in CCI v. Schott Glass India Pvt. Ltd. (2025 INSC 668), passed by a division bench of Vikram Nath and Prasanna B. Varale, was with r.. - [Navtej Singh Johar & Ors. v. Union of India, (2018) 10 SCC 1](https://lijdlr.com/2025/07/13/navtej-singh-johar-ors-v-union-of-india-2018-10-scc-1/) - The Supreme Court of India, in Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India, addressed the constitutional validity of Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, which crimi. - [FROM CUSTOM TO CODEX - HOW LAW RECONFIGURES SOCIAL CONSTRUCTS OF MARRIAGE AND KINSHIP](https://lijdlr.com/2025/07/09/from-custom-to-codex-how-law-reconfigures-social-constructs-of-marriage-and-kinship/) - The research paper examines the changing nature of the interrelationship existing between customary social practices and codified legal frameworks in India ... - [ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN LEGAL PRACTICE: TRANSFORMING CONTRACT ANALYSIS AND LEGAL RESEARCH](https://lijdlr.com/2025/07/06/artificial-intelligence-in-legal-practice-transforming-contract-analysis-and-legal-research/) - ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN LEGAL PRACTICE: TRANSFORMING CONTRACT ANALYSIS AND LEGAL RESEARCH Rachana Mishra, B.A.LL.B.(Hons) 5th year, SS Khanna Girls’ Degree College, Prayagraj Mustafa Khan, LLB, Integral University, Lucknow Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.66 This article analyses the transformative impact of artificial intelligence on contract analysis, - [FROM CYBERSQUATTING TO META TAGGING – THE EXPANDING SCOPE OF TRADEMARK INFRINGEMENT IN THE DIGITAL SPHERE](https://lijdlr.com/2025/07/06/from-cybersquatting-to-meta-tagging-the-expanding-scope-of-trademark-infringement-in-the-digital-sphere/) - With the rapid expansion of digital commerce, trademark infringement in the digital sphere has grown in complexity and scale. In 2024, trademark owners from... - [FLUID TRADEMARKS IN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY: THE VERSATILE NATURE OF BRAND IDENTITY](https://lijdlr.com/2025/07/06/fluid-trademarks-in-intellectual-property-the-versatile-nature-of-brand-identity/) - In the constantly evolving realm of global commerce, brands are perpetually searching for innovative methods to remain applicable and engage with their audienc. - [UNDERSTANDING THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN ASSAULT AND BATTERY IN CRIMINAL LAW](https://lijdlr.com/2025/07/06/understanding-the-distinction-between-assault-and-battery-in-criminal-law/) - The present research paper explores the differences between assault and criminal force (consistent with battery) under Indian criminal law, including historica. - [SAFEGUARDING HERITAGE: BASMATI RICE DISPUTE (INDIA V. RICETEC INC. 1997)](https://lijdlr.com/2025/07/06/safeguarding-heritage-basmati-rice-dispute/) - A legal battle over intellectual property between two countries that shook the whole global market stands as a cornerstone in the evolution of intellectual pr.. - [CONSENT MECHANISMS UNDER THE DIGITAL PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION ACT, 2023: A COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS WITH GDPR AND CCPA/CPRA](https://lijdlr.com/2025/06/26/consent-mechanisms-under-the-digital-personal-data-protection-act-2023-a-comparative-legal-analysis-with-gdpr-and-ccpa-cpra/) - Consent remains a foundational pillar in contemporary data protection frameworks, yet its normative basis, scope, and enforceability vary significantly across jurisdictions. India’s enactment of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPDP Act) signals a shift towards a consent-centric model, but this framework departs in meaningful ways from the paradigms established under the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and California’s Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), as enhanced by the California Privacy Rights Act (CPRA). This paper conducts a structured comparative and doctrinal analysis to examine how each of these regimes conceptualizes consent, the role of enforcement mechanisms, and the degree of autonomy afforded to individuals. - [RIGHTS OF GIG – PLATFORM WORKERS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS](https://lijdlr.com/2025/06/26/rights-of-gig-platform-workers-and-sustainable-development-goals/) - With the global growth of gig platforms, a non-standard form of employment has now emerged. The traditional employer-employee relationship and its permanence are absent. This economy has created a new form of workers. They are considered freelance workers who work as and when the demand arises from the consumers. The essential aspect of this economy is the work on digital platforms. In gig work, the consumers would demand labour digitally through apps. - [GST ON ONLINE GAMING AND DIGITAL SERVICES: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS](https://lijdlr.com/2025/06/26/gst-on-online-gaming-and-digital-services-a-comprehensive-analysis/) - The rapid advancement of the digital era has significantly elevated the role of online gaming and digital services in India’s economy. With the introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) on July 1, 2017, the Indian government aimed to establish a unified indirect tax regime. However, its application to the digital economy especially to online gaming has sparked intense legal and policy debates. The adoption of GST has brought substantial changes to the tax landscape for digital and online gaming sectors. A major turning point came with the 28% GST imposed on the full-face value of bets, equating skill-based gaming with gambling and betting. - [M/S V.S. PRODUCTS VS. UNION OF INDIA [2022 (1) TMI 380 (KARNATAKA HIGH COURT)]](https://lijdlr.com/2025/06/26/m-s-v-s-products-vs-union-of-india-2022-1-tmi-380-karnataka-high-court/) - This case comment examines the Karnataka High Court's decision in M/S V.S. Products v. Union of India, considering the constitutional validity of charging Central Excise Duty along with Goods and Services Tax (GST) on tobacco products after the adoption of the GST regime in India. The petition, by a manufacturer of tobacco, objected to the twin levy as being contrary to Articles 14, 19(1)(g), and 265 of the Constitution on the ground that GST had absorbed excise duty on goods. The Union of India justified the twin levy, contending that excise duty is levied on manufacture, whereas GST is on supply, hence different taxable events. - [BRIDGING THE DIVIDE: ADDRESSING THE GAP BETWEEN DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING NATIONS IN INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW](https://lijdlr.com/2025/06/26/bridging-the-divide-addressing-the-gap-between-developed-and-developing-nations-in-international-environmental-law/) - This study explores the systematic legal and financial imbalance that hinders equitable participation in international environmental law. International environmental law allows nations to work together to address issues such as pollution, climate change, and loss of biodiversity. The Stockholm Conference of 1972, the Rio Conference of 1992, and the Paris Agreement of 2015 are examples of treaties that have made provisions for sustainable development and the protection of the environment. Owing to differences in the monetary and non-monetary resources, developed and developing countries are still not on par. Developed countries tend to invest in renewable sources of energy, the latest technologies on waste management, and tech innovations, but developing markets have limited range in some of these areas, as they rely on traditional energy, and have poorer infrastructure and economic resources. - [ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND COPYRIGHT LAW: NAVIGATING THE INTERSECTION OF INNOVATION AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN THE DIGITAL AGE](https://lijdlr.com/2025/06/26/artificial-intelligence-and-copyright-law-navigating-the-intersection-of-innovation-and-intellectual-property-rights-in-the-digital-age/) - Issues protecting intellectual property have not been more challenging than when it comes to copyright law and artificial intelligence. The current trend in the use of artificial intelligence has caused unprecedented concerns in the copyright legislative sector. The mixed-method research approach applied in this paper implies the combination of doctrinal legal analysis and empirical investigation of the recent trends in litigation and regulating changes. - [BASIC STRUCTURE DOCTRINE- CONSTITUTIONAL, SOCIAL, AND POLITICAL SIGNIFICANCE](https://lijdlr.com/2025/06/19/basic-structure-doctrine-constitutional-social-and-political-significance/) - The Supreme Court of India established the Basic Structure Doctrine in the landmark judgment of Kesavananda Bharati v State of Kerala in 1973,[1] Creating a fundamental safeguard that protects the essential features of the Indian Constitution from being altered by parliamentary amendments.¹ This doctrine holds significant constitutional, social, and political implications. From a constitutional perspective, it preserves the Constitution’s fundamental identity by ensuring that core values—such as democracy, secularism, and justice—remain inviolable notwithstanding legislative changes. - [REGULATORY INNOVATION OR LEGAL EROSION? INVESTIGATING THE ACCIDENTAL ARBITRAGE CREATED BY GIFT CITY’S DUAL FINANCIAL REGIME](https://lijdlr.com/2025/06/19/regulatory-innovation-or-legal-erosion-investigating-the-accidental-arbitrage-created-by-gift-citys-dual-financial-regime/) - This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the legal and constitutional ramifications arising from establishing and operating the Gujarat International Finance Tec-City (GIFT City) and its International Financial Services Centre (IFSC). Conceived as a flagship initiative to position India as a global financial hub, GIFT City offers a suite of regulatory exemptions, tax incentives, and operational flexibilities designed to attract international capital and financial institutions. However, the paper argues that these exceptional measures have created a parallel regulatory regime that contrasts India’s unified financial architecture. - [ANALYISING THE GENDER PAY GAP IN INDIA: EXPLORING CURRENT LEGAL EFFICACY](https://lijdlr.com/2025/06/19/analyising-the-gender-pay-gap-in-india-exploring-current-legal-efficacy/) - For centuries, women in India have endured atrocities and injustices in the exercise of social and patriarchal norms. After the independence, legislative laws were enacted to safeguard women's rights and bring them into the mainstream of society. Discrimination at workplaces, particularly concerning pay discrepancies between genders, has been outlawed in articles 14, 16, and 39 under the Indian Constitution, and the equal pay for equal work principle has been followed in legislative measures aiming to improve the equal representation of women in the economic sector too. - [A WAY TO RESOLVE THE CORPORATE INSOLVENCY UNDER THE IBC](https://lijdlr.com/2025/06/16/a-way-to-resolve-the-corporate-insolvency-under-the-ibc/) - A WAY TO RESOLVE THE CORPORATE INSOLVENCY UNDER THE IBC Akash Kumar, CIRP, Moratorium, Insolvency Resolution Professional, Committee of Creditors, Resolution Plan, Adjudicating Authority. Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.52 Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation The IBC represents a major overhaul, unifying and revising laws related to corporate, partnership, and individual - [GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES ON ALTRUISTIC SURROGACY: ANALYSING THE PROHIBITION IN SELECTED COUNTRIES AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR LEGALIZATION](https://lijdlr.com/2025/06/16/global-perspectives-on-altruistic-surrogacy-analysing-the-prohibition-in-selected-countries-and-recommendations-for-legalization/) - The study employs a comparative legal analysis, examining surrogacy laws across various jurisdictions, including India, Iceland, Australia, and certain European countries. It also integrates policy analysis and ethical evaluation to assess the impact of bans on altruistic surrogacy. The research likely utilizes qualitative methods, drawing on legal texts, ethical arguments, and case studies to explore the motivations behind these prohibitions. The laws regarding surrogacy vary considerably worldwide, with areas such as India allowing for altruistic surrogacy but banning commercial surrogacy, and countries like Germany, Sweden, Italy, Spain, Norway, and France forbidding both types. This article investigates the ban on altruistic surrogacy in certain jurisdictions, as well as the reasons behind its prohibition, advocating for pushback against such laws in favour of altruistic surrogacy as a necessary ethical alternative to unregulated commercial practices. Despite the significant negative public health consequences[1] Of such policies, altruistic surrogacy is subject to blanket bans, even though evidence suggests that prohibitive policies.[2] Not only fail to reduce the demand for altruistic surrogacy, but they also exacerbate the issues they seek to address by fuelling cross-border reproductive tourism and ethical risks. The article argues that banning altruistic surrogacy does not eliminate demand but instead drives intended parents toward unregulated international surrogacy, leading to ethical and public health risks. It challenges such prohibitions, advocating for altruistic surrogacy as a regulated and ethical alternative to commercial surrogacy. The study highlights how fears of commodification, exploitation, and moral concerns shape restrictive policies while failing to address the realities of surrogacy demand. - [INCLUSION OF MOTHERHOOD: REASSESSING MATERNITY BENEFIT REGIME IN INDIA AND DUTY OF THE STATE](https://lijdlr.com/2025/06/16/inclusion-of-motherhood-reassessing-maternity-benefit-regime-in-india-and-duty-of-the-state/) - This research critically examines the progressive framework of maternity benefit legislation in India, within a broader social, legal, and developmental context. While the experience of motherhood is inherently personal and biological, it carries substantial legal, economic, and social ramifications, particularly as an increasing number of women participate in the labor market across both formal and informal sectors. The research delineates the historical trajectory of labor rights for women, spanning from pre-constitutional milestones to post-independence reforms that are grounded in constitutional tenets such as equality, dignity, and social justice. The paper further highlights international standards, including those established by the International Labor Organization (ILO) and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), highlighting maternity protection as an essential element of gender-responsive social security. It investigates the multifaceted nature of maternity protection, encompassing maternity leave, healthcare, workplace safety, childcare assistance, and monetary benefits, and emphasizes the imperative for inclusive policies that acknowledge both productive and reproductive labor. Particular emphasis is placed on the Maternity Benefit Act and amendments made, as well as centrally sponsored initiatives like the Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY), Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), and regional programs which seek to provide income security and enhance maternal health. The paper critiques the enduring challenges in implementation and advocates for a universal, inclusive, and enforceable maternity protection framework. One of the most important components of gender-sensitive social protection is maternity protection, which is essential in advancing workplace gender equality through laws and policies. Both national laws and international labor standards have gradually increased maternity protection in recognition of the connection between women's employment and economic growth. Its two primary goals are to protect the health of expectant mothers and their unborn children and to provide women and their families with financial stability throughout pregnancy. - [WHITE-COLLAR CRIME AND SENTENCING DISPARITIES: A LEGAL AND SOCIAL ANALYSIS](https://lijdlr.com/2025/06/16/white-collar-crime-and-sentencing-disparities-a-legal-and-social-analysis/) - This research paper aims to critically analyse the disparity in legal outcomes and public perception between white-collar crimes and street crimes, with a specific focus on the implications of socioeconomic factors, access to legal resources, and judicial discretion in the enforcement of justice. In order to investigate the systemic leniency extended towards white-collar criminals in contrast to the harsher penalties imposed on street-level offenders, a doctrinal approach has been adopted, relying extensively on secondary sources such as court judgments, sentencing reports, and scholarly commentary. Through this method, the author examines how the perception of white-collar crime as non-violent, coupled with the offenders’ social status and access to high-quality legal counsel, results in more favourable sentencing outcomes within the criminal justice system. The research further explores how mechanisms such as plea bargaining and judicial discretion often deepen sentencing disparities, reinforcing existing socioeconomic bias and institutional inequality. Relying on comparative case analysis including the Satyam scandal, the Enron collapse, and Bernie Madoff’s Ponzi scheme—the paper underscores how corporate crime often escapes proportionate legal consequences despite the immense societal harm it causes. The author argues that the existing legal framework not only erodes public trust in justice but also fails to uphold the principle of equal accountability. Consequently, this paper advocates for stricter sentencing guidelines, a reevaluation of prosecutorial discretion, and increased public awareness to ensure equitable enforcement of law across all socioeconomic strata. - [THE GIG ECONOMY AND COMPETITION LAW: A FRAMEWORK FOR CURBING PLATFORM-BASED MARKET ABUSE](https://lijdlr.com/2025/06/04/the-gig-economy-and-competition-law-a-framework-for-curbing-platform-based-market-abuse/) - The proliferation of digital platforms has revolutionized labor markets through the gig economy model. This paper examines the intersection of India's competition law framework with platform-based labor markets. It analyzes how dominant platforms exercise substantial market power in ways that may constitute abuse. The Indian Competition Act, 2002, and the proposed Digital Competition Law have yet to fully address platform-specific challenges. These platforms frequently exhibit winner-takes-all dynamics through network effects and data aggregation advantages. Worker misclassification further compounds competitive distortions by enabling cost advantages through regulatory arbitrage. - [POWER IMBALANCES AND FAIRNESS IN STANDARD FORM CONTRACTS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF PROFESSIONAL SPORTS AGREEMENTS](https://lijdlr.com/2025/06/04/power-imbalances-and-fairness-in-standard-form-contracts-a-critical-analysis-of-professional-sports-agreements/) - POWER IMBALANCES AND FAIRNESS IN STANDARD FORM CONTRACTS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF PROFESSIONAL SPORTS AGREEMENTS Rajeeb Kumar, LLM Student at Gujarat National Law University. Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.47 Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation This research paper critically examines standard form contracts in professional sports, analyzing their structural inequities and This research paper critically examines standard form contracts in professional sports, analyzing their structural inequities and impact on athlete rights. The study reveals how these standardized agreements create power imbalances that systematically disadvantage athletes, particularly rookies, women, and those in developing markets. Through legal analysis and comparative case studies, the paper identifies three key issues: restrictive compensation structures limiting earning potential, gender disparities in contract terms, and invasive clauses governing personal data and conduct. The research compares contractual systems across North America, Europe, and emerging markets, highlighting varying approaches to athlete protections. The analysis explores landmark legal cases that have reshaped contract norms and examines emerging challenges from digital technologies and globalization. Findings demonstrate critical gaps in current frameworks, particularly regarding data privacy, mobility restrictions, and pandemic-related contingencies. The study proposes practical reforms, including modular contract designs, enhanced collective bargaining, and regulatory safeguards to balance efficiency with fairness. Concluding with a forward-looking model, the research emphasizes transparent negotiations, equitable risk distribution, and career sustainability. - [CRITICAL ANALYSIS ON THE GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES OF CORPORATE DOMINANCE AND TAKEOVER CODES: INSIGHTS FROM INDIA, USA & UK](https://lijdlr.com/2025/06/04/critical-analysis-on-the-global-perspectives-of-corporate-dominance-and-takeover-codes-insights-from-india-usa-uk/) - The paper aims to conduct a comprehensive doctrinal legal analysis of takeover codes, examining both Indian and global perspectives. Takeover regulations play a crucial role in corporate governance and market dynamics, impacting stakeholders ranging from investors to the company’s management etc. This paper reviews many instruments of governance and how they safeguard shareholder interests. The SEBI (SAST) Regulations of 2011 and the Companies Act of 2013 are the main governing regulations for corporate takeovers in India. The City Code on Takeovers and Mergers governs it in the UK. Takeovers are subject to state and federal regulations in the US, pertaining to corporation law and securities and antitrust laws, respectively. Financial institutions adopted corporate policies and reformed the Indian business sector. Over the past twenty years, corporate takeovers have started to gather popularity in India as well. - [UNVEILING THE DARK WEB: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF AI-ASSISTED CYBERCRIME INVESTIGATIONS IN INDIA'S HIDDEN INTERNET](https://lijdlr.com/2025/05/28/unveiling-the-dark-web-an-exploratory-study-of-ai-assisted-cybercrime-investigations-in-indias-hidden-internet/) - The rise of cybercrime in India, driven by growing indications of digitization and technological advancement, presents formidable challenges to individuals, businesses, and national security. This report brings together existing literature on the landscape for cybercrime in India and the extending role of artificial intelligence (AI) to build investigative capacity. Traditional enforcement practices face challenges to manage the breadth and sophistication of cybercrime; AI provides a set of tools for threat detection, data analysis, digital forensics, and suspect identification. - [MARITAL RAPE: AN INJUSTICE TO MARRIED WOMEN](https://lijdlr.com/2025/05/28/marital-rape-an-injustice-to-married-women/) - Spousal or marital rape is the term for non-consensual sex in which the victim's spouse is the one who commits the crime. A woman's permission is viewed as meaningless when marital rape occurs because it diminishes her dignity and turns her into property that is only utilized for a man's comfort and pleasure. In India, marital rape is legal even though it occurs frequently. This study examines the historical, social, and cultural causes of marital rape in addition to defining the issue. History of legal development related to marital rape in India and its status globally. Along with analyzing important cases, publications, and statutes, this study also discusses the legal, social, and cultural challenges, the legislative and judicial perspectives on this matter, and the numerous amendments that have been made. In addition to providing ways to address the problem and defend victims' rights, this paper examines the body of existing literature, research studies, publications, and the judicial system. Any forced sexual contact without consent must be considered rape, and marital rape must be criminalized. - [THE CONUNDRUM OF PATENT WAIVERS ON COVID-19 VACCINES: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF SOUTH AFRICA, INDIA, AND WTO’S POSITION](https://lijdlr.com/2025/05/15/the-conundrum-of-patent-waivers-on-covid-19-vaccines-a-critical-analysis-of-south-africa-india-and-wtos-position/) - The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the critical need for universal vaccine access, bringing renewed attention to the contentious issue of patent waivers for COVID-19 vaccines. This paper offers a comprehensive and balanced examination of the debate surrounding vaccine patent waivers, with particular focus on the positions of South Africa, India, and the World Trade Organization (WTO). It begins by tracing the evolution of pharmaceutical patent rights and their influence on vaccine accessibility. The analysis then delves into the motivations behind the waiver proposals by South Africa and India, highlighting the socio-economic and public health factors that drive their advocacy. The discussion further explores the WTO's role in mediating this debate, illustrating the complex dynamics between international trade regulations and global health emergencies. By integrating legal, economic, and public health perspectives, the paper provides a nuanced understanding of the potential implications of patent waivers on vaccine equity, innovation, and future pandemic preparedness. It seeks to illuminate how temporary suspension of intellectual property protections may affect the global distribution of vaccines, balancing the need for innovation with the imperative of equitable access. Ultimately, this research contributes to the broader discourse on the intersection of intellectual property, global trade, and public health in crisis contexts, offering insights for policymakers, scholars, and stakeholders navigating the challenges of ensuring global health security in an interconnected world. - [DECODING COLLUSION: ANALYZING CARTEL PRACTICES AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS IN COMPETITION LAW](https://lijdlr.com/2025/05/15/decoding-collusion-analyzing-cartel-practices-and-their-implications-in-competition-law/) - The loopholes of the Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act, 1970, such as its outdated focus on curbing firm size rather than promoting competitive conduct, its limited enforcement capacity, absence of key definitions, and inability to address modern anti-competitive practices, led to the creation of the Competition Act 2002. This legal research paper will investigate the implications of collusive practices within the Competition Act, 2002 framework. Competition Law of India finds its jurisprudential and Constitutional basis in Articles 38 and 39 under Part IV (Directive Principles of State Policy) of the Constitution of India. At the outset, the Indian competition law was enacted in 1969 and christened the MRTP Act. Collusion, which is the agreement between competitors to manipulate prices or restrict output, poses significant challenges to market efficiency and consumer welfare. The role of the Competition Commission of India is imperative, as well as the landmark judgements regarding cartels and collusion practices, such as Union of India v. Hindustan Development Corporation and others [1]had a great significance in shaping new guidelines and regulations. Furthermore, the paper explores potential strategies for preventing collusion, including enhancing transparency, fostering competitive incentives, and imposing strict penalties for violators. - [AI: A NEW TERROR UNLEASHED](https://lijdlr.com/2025/05/15/ai-a-new-terror-unleashed/) - Artificial Intelligence is the study and development of computer systems that can copy intelligent human behavior.[1] With the new intelligent machines that enables a high level cognitive process accompanied with the data subscription, AI has presented an opportunity to supplement the human lives and make it easy for them to live their lives more luxuriously. But the increased use of AI has been supplemented by the potential risks associated with it, such as deep fake videos, dark web, online bots to negatively influence the opinion of the public etc. The rapid growth of AI is not only transforming various sectors but is also bringing new legal challenges, especially in the globe of cyber laws and traditional notions of mens rea and vicarious liability. Thus, this paper critically investigates paradoxical impact of AI on Indian cyber jurisprudence. The study analyses various legal frameworks along with judicial precedents and a comparative analyses of recent case studies. The paper begins by inspecting the inadequacy of the present statutory frameworks to subject liability in AI driven offences. The paper also gives a comparative analyses of EU, USA and China and India’s AI governance. Later, it also enlists some guidelines as to how can the nation adopt strict liability structure for AI operators and also enumerates certain advantages of AI if used in justice delivery system. - [THE LEGAL STATUS OF MARITAL RAPE IN INDIA: AN EXAMINATION OF EVOLVING JURISPRUDENCE](https://lijdlr.com/2025/05/05/the-legal-status-of-marital-rape-in-india-an-examination-of-evolving-jurisprudence/) - The exception under Section 375 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860, which exempts a husband from being prosecuted for rape committed against his wife, remains one.. - [A CRITICAL STUDY OF INDIA’S RESERVATION POLICY WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON THE CREAMY LAYER PRINCIPLE](https://lijdlr.com/2025/05/04/a-critical-study-of-indias-reservation-policy-with-special-emphasis-on-the-creamy-layer-principle/) - This research paper examines India’s constitutional policy of reservations with a special focus on the creamy layer principle. It analyses the doctrinal evol.. - [PRESSING NEED FOR REFORMING ARCHAIC LEGAL PROVISIONS OF CRIMINAL LAW AND SPEEDY JUSTICE IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2025/04/26/pressing-need-for-reforming-archaic-legal-provisions-of-criminal-law-and-speedy-justice-in-india/) - The criminal justice system of India operates within the confines of colonial-era statutes that no longer align with contemporary constitutional values. Despite the country’s progress, critical criminal laws like the Indian Penal Code, Code of Criminal Procedure, and Indian Evidence Act continue to embody outdated principles focused on control rather than rights protection. This paper critically examines the persistence of archaic legal provisions and their contribution to the delay in justice delivery. It evaluates the new legislative attempts through the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, Bharatiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita, and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, highlighting the gaps and opportunities these reforms present. Drawing comparative insights from jurisdictions like the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Singapore, and Germany, the study identifies best practices that could guide India’s reform journey. It argues for systemic changes including statutory timeframes, judicial capacity building, technology integration, forensic upgrades, and stronger victim protection mechanisms. The study concludes that decolonizing criminal law must go beyond symbolic renaming and must aim at achieving substantive fairness, efficiency, and human dignity. Only through comprehensive, sustained, and inclusive reforms can the promise of speedy justice under the Indian Constitution become a reality. - [EXPANDING ROLE OF MEDIA ON INDIAN DEMOCRACY IN 21ST CENTURY: A CRITICAL STUDY](https://lijdlr.com/2025/05/01/expanding-role-of-media-on-indian-democracy-in-21st-century-a-critical-study/) - EXPANDING ROLE OF MEDIA ON INDIAN DEMOCRACY IN 21ST CENTURY: A CRITICAL STUDY Yuvraj Singh, 10th semester Student of BA.LLB(H) at Amity Law School, Amity University, Lucknow, India. Dr. Reshma Umair, Assistant Professor at Amity university Lucknow Campus. Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2024.v03.38 Media shapes Indian democracy through relentless engagement with politics, people, and governance. Its role - [GREEN JUSTICE FOR CLIMATE CHANGE - A STUDY OF INDIA'S CARBON FOOTPRINT REGULATION](https://lijdlr.com/2025/04/25/green-justice-for-climate-change-a-study-of-indias-carbon-footprint-regulation/) - This paper examines India's regulatory framework for carbon footprint management through the lens of environmental justice, analyzing the constitutional fou.. - [AI AND THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY – BALANCING INNOVATION WITH CONSTITUTIONAL PROTECTIONS](https://lijdlr.com/2025/05/01/ai-and-the-right-to-privacy-balancing-innovation-with-constitutional-protections/) - This research paper examines the evolving intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) and the right to privacy, focusing on how legal systems can reconcile r.. - [DIGITAL SOVEREIGNTY AND STATE RESPONSIBILITY: NAVIGATING CYBERSECURITY CHALLENGES IN INDIA'S LEGAL LANDSCAPE](https://lijdlr.com/2025/04/25/digital-sovereignty-and-state-responsibility-navigating-cybersecurity-challenges-in-indias-legal-landscape/) - This research paper explores the evolving dynamics of digital sovereignty and state responsibility within India's cybersecurity landscape. It critically exam... - [EVOLVING DIMENSIONS OF PROPERTY DISTRIBUTION UNDER HINDU LAW: BALANCING TRADITIONAL NORMS, JUDICIAL INNOVATIONS, AND CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES](https://lijdlr.com/2025/04/26/evolving-dimensions-of-property-distribution-under-hindu-law-balancing-traditional-norms-judicial-innovations-and-contemporary-challenges/) - This research paper examines the evolving dimensions of property distribution under Hindu law through the lens of traditional norms, judicial innovations, and.. - [NAVIGATING CYBERCRIME IN INDIA: LEGAL COMPLEXITIES, ENFORCEMENT DYNAMICS, AND EMERGING CHALLENGES IN A DIGITALLY CONNECTED SOCIETY](https://lijdlr.com/2025/04/26/navigating-cybercrime-in-india-legal-complexities-enforcement-dynamics-and-emerging-challenges-in-a-digitally-connected-society/) - This research paper examines the multifaceted challenges of cybercrime in India’s rapidly evolving digital landscape. It analyzes the conceptual understand..... - [BRIDGING LAW AND FINANCE: THE ROLE OF LEGAL INSTITUTIONS IN FINANCIAL RECOVERY MECHANISMS](https://lijdlr.com/2025/04/26/bridging-law-and-finance-the-role-of-legal-institutions-in-financial-recovery-mechanisms/) - This paper examines the critical intersection of legal institutions and financial recovery mechanisms in India's evolving economic landscape. It analyzes how .. - [BEYOND THE FINAL FRONTIER: NAVIGATING THE LEGAL COSMOS OF OUTER SPACE REGULATION](https://lijdlr.com/2025/04/26/beyond-the-final-frontier-navigating-the-legal-cosmos-of-outer-space-regulation/) - This research paper examines the evolving legal landscape governing outer space activities in an era of unprecedented commercial and military expansion beyond.. - [HEATING UP: THE EVOLVING ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW IN THE CLIMATE CRISIS](https://lijdlr.com/2025/04/26/heating-up-the-evolving-role-of-international-law-in-the-climate-crisis/) - The accelerating climate crisis poses unprecedented legal and governance challenges that transcend national boundaries. This paper critically examines...... - [CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF PROBLEMS OF WITNESSES IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2025/04/26/critical-analysis-of-problems-of-witnesses-in-criminal-justice-system-in-india/) - The integrity and safety of witnesses are crucial to the legitimacy and efficacy of any criminal justice system. Threats, intimidation, harassment, postponed... - [BORDERS AND BOUNDARIES: THE DYNAMICS OF MIGRATION AND REFUGEE PROTECTION IN INTERNATIONAL LAW](https://lijdlr.com/2025/05/01/borders-and-boundaries-the-dynamics-of-migration-and-refugee-protection-in-international-law/) - BORDERS AND BOUNDARIES: THE DYNAMICS OF MIGRATION AND REFUGEE PROTECTION IN INTERNATIONAL LAW Trisha Gautam, 10th Semester Student at Amity Law School, Lucknow Dr. Sheeba Khalid, Assistant Professor at Amity university Lucknow Campus. Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2024.v03.36 Migration and refugee movements have emerged as defining challenges in international law. The growing tension between state sovereignty and - [JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM: A LEGAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY](https://lijdlr.com/2025/04/27/juvenile-justice-system-a-legal-and-socio-economic-analysis-of-juvenile-delinquency/) - ‘Juveniles' understanding and maturity are not on par with ‘adults', so they require a separate legal system. As some of the most vulnerable members of society - [EVOLVING PARADIGMS OF CRIMINAL LAW IN CONTEMPORARY INDIA: CHALLENGES, REFORMS, AND THE QUEST FOR JUSTICE IN A DIGITAL AGE](https://lijdlr.com/2025/04/26/evolving-paradigms-of-criminal-law-in-contemporary-india-challenges-reforms-and-the-quest-for-justice-in-a-digital-age/) - This research paper examines the evolving paradigms of criminal law in contemporary India, focusing on legislative reforms, judicial interpretations, and the impact of technology. It critically analyses the transition from colonial frameworks under the Indian Penal Code, 1860, to the recent enactments of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA), 2023. The paper explores how these reforms address emerging crimes such as cyber offenses and terrorism, while integrating victim-centric approaches and digital evidence standards. It evaluates judicial responses to technological advancements, human rights considerations, and global comparative trends, including restorative justice and sentencing guidelines. The research underscores persistent challenges in enforcement, judicial delays, and forensic capacity, offering policy recommendations grounded in international best practices. The analysis reveals a complex interplay between tradition and modernity in India’s criminal justice system, advocating for holistic reforms to ensure fairness, efficiency, and alignment with constitutional mandates in the digital age. - [THE ROLE OF COMMITTEE OF CREDITORS (COC) IN SHAPING RESOLUTIONS](https://lijdlr.com/2025/04/26/the-role-of-committee-of-creditors-coc-in-shaping-resolutions/) - THE ROLE OF COMMITTEE OF CREDITORS (COC) IN SHAPING RESOLUTIONS Nikhil Rawat, LL.M. (Corporate Banking & Insurance), Amity Law School, Noida (U.P.) Dr Amit Dhall, Assistant Professor, Amity Law School, Noida Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2024.v03.32 The advent of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (IBC) in India marked a seminal shift in how financial distress is - [ROUND TRIPPING UNDER THE GRAB OF OVERSEAS DIRECT INVESTMENT (ODI): A LEGAL AND REGULATORY ANALYSIS](https://lijdlr.com/2025/04/25/round-tripping-under-the-grab-of-overseas-direct-investment-odi-a-legal-and-regulatory-analysis/) - This research paper examines the phenomenon of round tripping under the guise of Overseas Direct Investment (ODI) from India, analyzing its legal and regulatory implications. - [A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF LIFE IMPRISONMENT WITHOUT REMISSION AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO THE DEATH PENALTY IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2025/04/25/a-critical-analysis-of-life-imprisonment-without-remission-as-an-alternative-to-the-death-penalty-in-india/) - This research critically examines the constitutionality, judicial evolution, and human rights implications of life imprisonment without remission as an alte... - [DOCTRINE OF ABSOLUTE LIABILITY AND ITS IMPACT ON INDUSTRIES: A CRITICAL STUDY](https://lijdlr.com/2025/04/21/doctrine-of-absolute-liability-and-its-impact-on-industries-a-critical-study/) - DOCTRINE OF ABSOLUTE LIABILITY AND ITS IMPACT ON INDUSTRIES: A CRITICAL STUDY Kavya Singh, 10th Semester, B.A.LL.B Student at Amity Law School Lucknow, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Dr. Rajeev Kumar Singh, Assistant Professor at Amity Law School Lucknow, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2024.v03.20 The notion of absolute liability replaced the English concept of - [CARBON CREDIT TRADING IN INDIA: LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE](https://lijdlr.com/2025/04/21/carbon-credit-trading-in-india-legal-framework-and-environmental-justice/) - Governments and businesses throughout the world are investigating market-based systems as potential ways to lower greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining.... - [EVALUATING THE RELEVANCE OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF JUDICIAL PRONOUNCEMENTS IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2025/04/16/evaluating-the-relevance-of-capital-punishment-a-critical-analysis-of-judicial-pronouncements-in-india/) - This research paper critically evaluates the relevance of capital punishment in India by examining constitutional provisions, statutory frameworks, judicial p.. - [JUVENILE JUSTICE THROUGH GENDER LENS: LEGAL TREATMENT OF GIRL CHILD OFFENDERS IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2025/04/16/juvenile-justice-through-gender-lens-legal-treatment-of-girl-child-offenders-in-india/) - This research paper examines the legal treatment of girl child offenders in India through a gender-sensitive lens. Despite the seemingly gender-neutral ..... - [REGULATION OF BID-RIGGING IN GOVERNMENT TENDERS UNDER THE COMPETITION ACT, 2002](https://lijdlr.com/2025/04/16/regulation-of-bid-rigging-in-government-tenders-under-the-competition-act-2002/) - This paper examines the regulation of bid-rigging in government tenders under the Competition Act, 2002. Bid-rigging represents a particularly harmful antic.. - [ALGORITHMIC TRADING AND MARKET MANIPULATION: A LEGAL PERSPECTIVE ON INSIDER TRADING REGULATIONS](https://lijdlr.com/2025/04/16/algorithmic-trading-and-market-manipulation-a-legal-perspective-on-insider-trading-regulations/) - Algorithmic trading has revolutionized financial markets by increasing efficiency, reducing transaction costs, and enhancing liquidity. However, its rapid e... - [THE INTERSECTION OF PSYCHOLOGY AND LAW: ENHANCING LEGAL PRACTICE THROUGH PSYCHOLOGICAL INSIGHTS](https://lijdlr.com/2025/04/05/the-intersection-of-psychology-and-law-enhancing-legal-practice-through-psychological-insights/) - This paper explores the intersection of psychology and law, demonstrating how psychological knowledge can enhance legal practice. It examines how understanding human behavior, emotional abuse, and mental states can help lawyers in various aspects, including client relationships, courtroom representation, and negotiation. The study discusses how psychological principles can aid in building trust with clients, improving argumentation, and enhancing persuasion techniques such as mirroring. Additionally, it highlights the role of psychology in stress management, helping lawyers navigate the emotional challenges of their profession. By integrating psychological insights, legal professionals can improve their advocacy skills, negotiation strategies, and overall effectiveness in the legal field. Psychology and law may appear unrelated, but psychology plays a crucial role in the legal field. A deeper understanding of psychology can enhance legal decision-making, aid in comprehending criminal behaviour, and offer significant advantages to legal professionals. This study explores how psychological insights can benefit a lawyer both personally and professionally. - [DECRIMINALIZING ENVIRONMENTAL OFFENSES: IMPLICATIONS OF REMOVING PENALTY PROVISIONS IN INDIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAW](https://lijdlr.com/2025/04/05/decriminalizing-environmental-offenses-implications-of-removing-penalty-provisions-in-indian-environmental-law/) - The decriminalization of environmental offenses in India has sparked intense debate among policymakers, legal experts, and environmental advocates. This study examines the implications of removing penalty provisions from key environmental laws such as the Environment Protection Act, 1986, and the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974. The study critically examines the rationale behind decriminalization, its potential impact on compliance and deterrence, and whether alternative enforcement mechanisms such as administrative penalties, restorative justice, and economic incentives can effectively replaces criminal sanctions. Drawing on case studies, global practices, and empirical data, this study highlights the challenges and opportunities posed by the policy shift, offering recommendations for a balanced and sustainable regulatory framework. The findings aim to contribute to the ongoing discourse on modernizing environmental governance in India without compromising ecological and public health priorities. - [THE SURROGACY REVOLUTION: LEGAL FRAMEWORKS IN FLUX](https://lijdlr.com/2025/04/05/the-surrogacy-revolution-legal-frameworks-in-flux/) - This paper explores the changes in the legal surrogacy landscape in India with the passage of the Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021, which instituted a ban on commercial surrogacy, thereby paving the way for an altruistic model. The analysis chronicles regulatory developments on surrogacy in India, unravelled through some landmark judicial pronouncements, especially the Baby Manji Yamada and Jan Balaz cases which highlighted significant regulatory voids. The paper analyzes the constitutional aspects of reproductive rights under Article 21, and how they interact with some of the restrictive clauses of present legislation. A comparative analysis of regulatory efforts—from the permissive ART Bill of 2008 to the prohibitive tenor of the 2016 Bill—shows that there are basic alterations in the policy orientations. The proposed research highlights significant barriers to implementation, including definitional ambiguities, administrative infrastructure needs, and continuing constitutional challenges to eligibility restrictions. It further discusses how surrogacy regulation can fit into the larger ART regulatory system, including aspects of integration and realm conflicts. This in-depth analysis sheds light on the intricacies of balancing the competing goals of preventing exploitation and protecting reproductive autonomy that define India’s game-changing approach to surrogacy. - [CRIMINAL ACCOUNTABILITY FOR AI: MENS REA, ACTUS REUS, AND THE CHALLENGES OF AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS](https://lijdlr.com/2025/04/05/criminal-accountability-for-ai-mens-rea-actus-reus-and-the-challenges-of-autonomous-systems/) - Criminal accountability for harms caused by artificial intelligence systems presents profound challenges for traditional legal frameworks. The mens rea and actus reus pillars of Indian criminal jurisprudence face conceptual strains when applied to algorithmic decision-making. AI systems lack human-like mental states and discrete physical acts that form the foundation of criminal culpability. The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 and other Indian laws inadequately address these accountability gaps. This article examines the conceptual and practical obstacles to AI criminal liability under current Indian legal frameworks. It analyzes relevant provisions of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita and identifies their limitations in AI contexts. The article explores comparative regulatory approaches from the European Union, United States, United Kingdom, Singapore, and other jurisdictions. The article concludes by proposing legal and policy recommendations for India to address AI criminal accountability challenges. These include establishing AI-specific legislation, incorporating risk-based obligations, mandating human oversight for high-risk applications, and developing specialized enforcement capacities. The article emphasizes the urgent need for Indian legal frameworks to evolve beyond anthropocentric paradigms and accommodate the distinctive characteristics of artificial intelligence. Only through such evolution can India establish effective and legitimate mechanisms for attributing criminal responsibility when AI systems cause harm. - [ADDRESSING THE GAP- LACK OF LAWS RELATED TO SEXUAL OFFENCES AGAINST MALES IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2025/04/05/addressing-the-gap-lack-of-laws-related-to-sexual-offences-against-males-in-india/) - Sexual offences are a grave violation of human rights, bodily autonomy, and individual dignity. Yet we see a significant gap in laws related to sexual offences against males and transgender people. In India, the legal system predominantly focuses on female victims of sexual offences, leaving a significant gap in justice for male victims. Sexual offences against males remain overlooked and underreported crimes in India due to deep-rooted patriarchal mindsets and societal biases. The Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita continues to define rape and sexual offences in gender-specific terms and reinforces the conception that only women can be victims of sexual offences. This research paper critically analyses the absence of legal provisions for male survivors, analyzing historical, legal, and societal perspectives. A comparative analysis with legal frameworks of other countries like the United States of America, United Kingdom, Canada, etc. shows a progressive shift towards gender-neutral sexual offences laws. In contrast, Indian law still criminalizes non-consensual sexual acts primarily based on the victim’s gender. This research paper delves into the historical background, evolution, comparison with laws of other countries, theories, statistical analysis, and future implications of the lack of laws related to sexual offenses against males in India and highlights the urgent need for legislative reforms to ensure gender-neutral sexual offences laws. - [DIGITAL VIGILANTISM IN INDIA: LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND JURISDICTIONAL CHALLENGES FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT](https://lijdlr.com/2025/04/05/digital-vigilantism-in-india-legal-framework-and-jurisdictional-challenges-for-law-enforcement/) - Digital vigilantism has emerged as a complex socio-legal phenomenon in India, characterized by citizens utilizing online platforms to identify, expose, and punish perceived wrongdoers outside formal legal frameworks. This research paper examines the intricate legal and jurisdictional challenges confronting Indian law enforcement agencies when addressing digital vigilantism. The constitutional framework provides theoretical protections through Articles 19, 21, and 14, yet implementation remains problematic. The Information Technology Act and related regulations exhibit significant gaps in addressing coordinated vigilante campaigns. Jurisdictional complexities arise from the borderless nature of digital spaces, with vigilante activities frequently transcending territorial boundaries. Law enforcement faces substantial technical and procedural hurdles, including anonymity tools, encryption challenges, and electronic evidence admissibility requirements. The Indian judiciary has incrementally developed important jurisprudential principles through landmark judgments, though these often arrive too late to prevent irreparable reputational damage. International dimensions further complicate enforcement efforts, with cross-border evidence gathering mechanisms proving inadequate for time-sensitive digital cases. This paper contends that addressing digital vigilantism requires comprehensive reforms spanning legislative frameworks, procedural innovations, specialized law enforcement training, and enhanced international cooperation mechanisms to balance legitimate accountability demands with rule of law principles. - [NAVIGATING THE LEGAL LABYRINTH: ETHICAL AND JURISPRUDENTIAL CHALLENGES OF NON-CONSENSUAL CELEBRITY IMPERSONATION THROUGH DEEPFAKE TECHNOLOGY](https://lijdlr.com/2025/03/28/navigating-the-legal-labyrinth-ethical-and-jurisprudential-challenges-of-non-consensual-celebrity-impersonation-through-deepfake-technology/) - Deepfake technology, fueled by advancements in artificial intelligence, has dramatically transformed the way of highly realistic audiovisual content. While, it was initially celebrated for its applications within entertainment, education, and creative media, this technology has raised significant concerns related to its misuse, particularly in the unauthorized impersonation of the celebrity. The inappropriate utilization of a celebrity’s likeness or voice to produce misleading or harmful content infringes privacy, damages reputations, and erodes public confidence in the authenticity of the media. - [ILLEGAL SAND MINING IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2025/03/28/illegal-sand-mining-in-india/) - India is a mega-diverse geographical country. Our environmental contribution to its rich biodiversity is protected by our strong legal framework. Despite its richness, we face multiple threats and challenges to our environmental sustainability. One among them is illegal sand mining, due to which environmental sustainability is affected and leads the invaluable assertions on economic & ecological growth. Here, as a socially ethical member of the society, we are discussing the efforts to curb illegal sand mining and balance ecological preservation for sustainable growth of the environment and examining the repercussions and other socio dynamics as the involvement of sand mafias. - [AUDI ALTERAM PARTEM AND BEYOND: NATURAL JUSTICE PRINCIPLES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM AND INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2025/03/28/audi-alteram-partem-and-beyond-natural-justice-principles-in-the-united-kingdom-and-india/) - The principles of natural justice, encapsulated in the maxims Audi Alteram Partem (right to a fair hearing) and Nemo Judex in Causa Sua (rule against bias), serve as foundational pillars of procedural fairness in common law systems. This article undertakes a comparative analysis of these principles in the United Kingdom and India, tracing their evolution from common law origins to their constitutional and jurisprudential significance in contemporary governance. - [BALANCING PUNISHMENT AND SUPPORT: AN ANALYSIS OF THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM](https://lijdlr.com/2025/03/27/balancing-punishment-and-support-an-analysis-of-the-juvenile-justice-system/) - This paper examines the issues and potential solutions surrounding the rehabilitation and punishment of young offenders by examining different legal frameworks in India. Also, it analyses landmark cases that have shaped legal and public perceptions, highlighting the complexity of juvenile crime and its consequences. The rise in juvenile delinquency in India is a significant problem that calls for effective measures. The government has created several laws, acts, and guidelines to help reduce violence among young people, but these efforts have not been that effective. - [JUSTICE DELAYED, JUSTICE DENIED: THE INTERSECTION OF PRE-TRIAL DETENTION AND ITS IMPACT ON UNDERTRIALS](https://lijdlr.com/2025/03/18/justice-delayed-justice-denied-the-intersection-of-pre-trial-detention-and-its-impact-on-undertrials/) - For Indian inmates awaiting trial, the notion that justice delayed is justice denied is critical. Despite the fact that the Constitution provides the “presumption of innocence unless proven guilty”, a considerable section of the prisoner population is imprisoned for extended periods of time due to judicial delays, insufficient legal representation, and socioeconomic limits. According to the Prison Statistics India 2022 report by the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB),[1] 434,302 out of 573,220 prisoners are undertrial, making up a significant proportion of the prison population; of these, 23,772 are women, and of these, 76.33% are undertrial prisoners; additionally, 8.6% of the undertrial women have been imprisoned for more than three years. - [DIGITAL SURVEILLANCE AND INDIAN PRIVACY LAWS](https://lijdlr.com/2025/03/18/digital-surveillance-and-indian-privacy-laws/) - “Privacy is not an option, and it should not be the price we accept for just getting on the Internet.[1].” These words by technology expert Gary Kovacs highlight the growing concerns relating to privacy in this digital age. Privacy is a fundamental human right that allows an individual to live free from unwarranted public attention and interference. On the other hand, there is ‘Digital Surveillance’, the process of monitoring, analyzing, and collecting data relating to the virtual activities of individuals like online communications, social media usage, patterns, behaviors, etc. In this digital era, the internet and technology are growing rampantly and have become an important aspect of almost all spheres of life. This technology is also being used for surveillance by government agencies for various purposes like prevention of crime, national security, etc., and even private entities collect individuals’ data for running advertisement campaigns, preventing fraud, etc. However, such practices also raise concerns about individuals’ privacy as they violate the Right to Privacy, which, although not explicitly mentioned, has been recognized as an integral part of Article 21 of the Indian Constitution. - [SPIRITUALITY AND CRIME: TRANSFORMING OFFENDERS THROUGH FAITH AND REHABILITATION](https://lijdlr.com/2025/03/18/spirituality-and-crime-transforming-offenders-through-faith-and-rehabilitation/) - Through moral teachings, fear of divine justice, and strong community support, spirituality discourages criminal tendencies and promotes moral development, emotional resilience, and social accountability. This paper explores how spiritual beliefs and practices are both powerful rehabilitative tools for offenders and deterrents to crime. Spirituality has a significant impact on criminal behavior, rehabilitation, and the larger justice system. - [FEDERAL UNITY V. STATE CREATION: NATIONAL INTEGRITY & CONSTITUTIONAL AUTHORITY IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2025/03/18/federal-unity-v-state-creation-national-integrity-constitutional-authority-in-india/) - In India, the formation of new states is both a constitutional and political process considering socio-political and economic factors. The Parliament can reorganize states under Article 3 of the Indian Constitution, but only on the recommendations of the President and with the concurrence of the legislatures of the affected states, on which the Parliament may lawfully override. The States Reorganization Act of 1956 is regarded as the first significant step towards Indian federalism; linguistic regional aspirations were first considered as a federal principle and at the expense of national unity. There are judicial precedents that have supported Parliament's plenary power in state reorganization, but only where objective criteria are to be applied, such as administrative efficiency, economic viability, etc. - [STRENGTHENING DEMOCRATIC INTEGRITY: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF ELECTION COMMISSION APPOINTMENT REFORMS IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2025/03/11/strengthening-democratic-integrity-a-critical-analysis-of-election-commission-appointment-reforms-in-india/) - This research critically examines the appointment framework of the Election Commission of India, identifying structural vulnerabilities that compromise its.... - [ISSUES AND CHALLENGES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN COPYRIGHT LAWS](https://lijdlr.com/2025/02/27/issues-and-challenges-of-artificial-intelligence-in-copyright-laws/) - ISSUES AND CHALLENGES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN COPYRIGHT LAWS Mayoank Prakash, B.A.LL.B student at Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, School of Law Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2024.v02.65 Artificial intelligence is increasingly playing a vital role in numerous areas of our daily lives, such as medical research, industry, transportation, aviation, space exploration, education, entertainment (including games, movies, music, - [RESPECT AND CONSENT: FOSTERING A CULTURE OF SAFETY AT UNIVERSITIES](https://lijdlr.com/2025/02/13/respect-and-consent-fostering-a-culture-of-safety-at-universities/) - The paper explores the significance of respect and consent in fostering a culture of safety at universities. College campuses are diverse spaces where students, faculty, and staff interact daily, necessitating a safe and respectful environment. Addressing issues such as consent, sexual misconduct, and harassment is essential for ensuring a positive learning and working atmosphere. This study aims to analyze institutional policies, educational programs, support services, and the role of bystander intervention in cultivating a culture of safety. The study employs a qualitative approach, drawing from existing literature, case studies, and policy reviews to assess the effectiveness of current university strategies. - [RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: CONCEPT & SIGNIFICANCE](https://lijdlr.com/2025/02/13/research-methodology-concept-significance/) - The determination of suitable and appropriate research methodology plays a vital role in any scientific inquiry or research study by providing the well-structured research process needed to explore, analyze and interpret any data collected to explore phenomena or obtain solutions to real-world problems. This research paper explores the concept of research methodology, its significance, types, and key components. It highlights the significance of selecting appropriate research methodologies to ensure credible, reliable and valid research findings. This research paper delves different kinds of research methodologies along with the strengths and limitations of each approach. Moreover, this research paper mentions the disadvantages of pursuing inappropriate research methodology. - [BEACONING THE ETHICAL AND LEGAL COMPLEXITIES OF AI REGULATION: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS IN INDIA AND CHINA](https://lijdlr.com/2025/02/06/beaconing-the-ethical-and-legal-complexities-of-ai-regulation-a-comparative-analysis-in-india-and-china/) - The relatively quick development of artificial intelligence (AI) has generated discussions about the advantages and disadvantages of this technology on a global scale. In a subsequent warning, the UN Secretary-General acknowledged that the "runaway development of AI without safety barriers" posed an "existential threat" that, if unchecked, could intensify global inequality.[1]This demonstrates the pressing need for strong governance frameworks to guarantee that the advancement of AI reduces risks while promoting societal benefits. China and India are two new AI research and development superpowers with different regulatory strategies influenced by their respective sociopolitical, cultural, and economic environments. India has taken a cautious and well-rounded approach to regulating AI, seeking to promote innovation while tackling moral issues like data security and privacy. Programs such as the National AI Strategy by NITI and the Digital India initiative. In order to promote innovation while addressing ethical concerns like privacy and data security, India has taken a watchful and well-rounded approach to AI regulation. Initiatives such as the Personal Data Protection Bill, the Digital India program, and NITI Aayog's National AI Strategy clearly show India's dedication to establishing a regulatory framework that protects individual rights while fostering the development of AI. - [THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY AND NATIONAL SECURITY: A JURISPRUDENTIAL EXAMINATION](https://lijdlr.com/2025/02/06/the-right-to-privacy-and-national-security-a-jurisprudential-examination/) - The evolution of privacy rights and their intersection with national security is a critical area of contemporary legal and philosophical discourse. This paper examines diverse theoretical perspectives on privacy, surveillance, and the balance between individual autonomy and state intervention. It explores landmark judicial interpretations, including the recognition of privacy as a fundamental right in K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India, and critiques from legal philosophers such as Judith Thomson, Kenneth Himma, and Adam Moore. - [CONFLICT OF LAWS IN INTERNATIONAL MUSLIM MARRIAGES: LEGAL CHALLENGES AND HARMONIZATION APPROACHES ACROSS JURISDICTIONS](https://lijdlr.com/2025/02/06/conflict-of-laws-in-international-muslim-marriages-legal-challenges-and-harmonization-approaches-across-jurisdictions/) - As globalization increases the rates of international Muslim marriages, varied interpretations of Islamic marriage law across jurisdictions present multifaceted legal challenges.​ Several conflicts flow in the issues of marital rights, procedures of divorce, and inheritance rights that spring from the differences in legal traditions and socio-cultural contexts. In Muslim-majority countries, the reconciling of interpretations of Sharia to secular legal frameworks creates sometimes difficult scenarios on practices that include unilateral divorce (talaq) and polygamy. These disparities lead to complications on the consent issue, dowry or mahr, and recognizing marriages across borders. - [THE INTERSECTION OF CUSTOMS AND LAW: EVALUATING THE EFFECTS OF THE UNIFORM CIVIL CODE IN NORTHEAST INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2025/01/30/the-intersection-of-customs-and-law-evaluating-the-effects-of-the-uniform-civil-code-in-northeast-india/) - THE INTERSECTION OF CUSTOMS AND LAW: EVALUATING THE EFFECTS OF THE UNIFORM CIVIL CODE IN NORTHEAST INDIA Aniruddh Atul Garg, 3rd year law student at GLA University, Mathura Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2024.v02.59 This paper will examine the effects of the Uniform Civil Code (UCC) in Northeast India, a region where personal laws are regulated by different - [NAVIGATING CORPORATE COMPLEXITIES THE DIVERGENCE OF COMPANY LAW FROM GENERAL LEGAL PRINCIPLES](https://lijdlr.com/2025/01/30/navigating-corporate-complexities-the-divergence-of-company-law-from-general-legal-principles/) - This paper explores the distinct nature of Company Law, which diverges from general legal principles through the implementation of specialized rules that supersede broader statutory frameworks. The focus is on how these unique provisions, tailored to address corporate complexities such as governance structures, shareholder rights, and board accountability, create a distinct legal environment for corporate entities. The analysis is centered around the Companies Act, 2013 (India), particularly sections 166 (Duties of Directors) and 179 (Powers of the Board), which exemplify how company law overrides general legal principles in favor of detailed, corporation-specific regulations. The landmark case Salomon v. A. Salomon & Co. Ltd.[1] Is used to demonstrate the principle of separate legal personality, illustrating a key divergence from traditional legal doctrines, particularly in matters of liability and corporate autonomy. - [DOCTRINE OF RES JUDICATA UNDER SECTION 11 OF CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE, 1908 (CPC): A DETAILED EXAMINATION OF ITS SCOPE, CONSTRUCTIVE RES JUDICATA, AND DISTINCTION FROM ISSUE ESTOPPEL](https://lijdlr.com/2025/01/30/doctrine-of-res-judicata-under-section-11-of-code-of-civil-procedure-1908-cpc-a-detailed-examination-of-its-scope-constructive-res-judicata-and-distinction-from-issue-estoppel/) - The doctrine of Res Judicata, codified under Section 11 of the Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), is a fundamental principle aimed at ensuring the finality of judicial decisions. It prevents parties from re-litigating issues already decided by a competent court, thus promoting judicial economy, reducing frivolous litigation, and upholding the sanctity of judicial pronouncements. Rooted in the maxim nemo debit bis vexari pro una et eadem causa (no one should be vexed twice for the same cause), this doctrine ensures that once a matter is finally adjudicated, it attains legal finality, protecting individuals from endless litigation. - [THE UNIFORM CIVIL CODE OF UTTARAKHAND: A LEGAL & CONSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS](https://lijdlr.com/2025/01/29/the-uniform-civil-code-of-uttarakhand-a-legal-constitutional-analysis/) - The Uniform Civil Code (UCC) in India, as envisioned in Article 44 of the Constitution, seeks to unify personal laws across diverse communities to ensure equality and justice. The Uttarakhand UCC, 2024, represents the first state-level implementation of this vision, sparking intense debate over its constitutionality, inclusivity, and social impact. This paper critically examines the Uttarakhand UCC’s legal framework, highlighting its progressive elements such as prohibitions on polygamy and child marriage, equal inheritance rights, and mandatory registration of live-in relationships. However, it also exposes significant limitations, including exemptions for Scheduled Tribes, the perpetuation of gender biases in marriage age, and controversial regulatory provisions on personal relationships. - [EFFECTIVENESS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON TAX ADMINISTRATION IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2025/01/29/effectiveness-of-information-technology-on-tax-administration-in-india/) - The integration of Information Technology (IT) in tax administration has emerged as a pivotal factor in enhancing the efficiency, transparency, and compliance of tax systems worldwide. This paper examines the effectiveness of IT in the Indian tax administration framework, exploring its historical evolution, recent advancements, and the impact of digital initiatives such as e-filing, the Goods and Services Tax Network (GSTN), and data analytics. The study highlights significant improvements in taxpayer services, accuracy in data reporting, and the overall efficiency of tax collection processes. - [CONTEMPORARY ISSUES ON LABOUR LAW REFORM IN INDIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO NEW LABOUR CODES](https://lijdlr.com/2025/01/29/contemporary-issues-on-labour-law-reform-in-india-with-special-reference-to-new-labour-codes/) - Following the implementation of the four new labour regulations intended to streamline and modernize the present regulatory environment, labour regulation overhaul in India has become a controversial and dynamic topic. The Code on Wages, the Industrial Relations Code, the Social Security Code, and the Occupational Safety, Health, and Working Conditions Code all seek to streamline and integrate a variety of different regulations into a single, more unified framework. The reforms have generated discussions about their effects on labour rights and industrial relations, even if their goal is to make it easier for corporations to comply with the law and provide workers more safeguards. - [ONE NATION, ONE ELECTION: REFORMING DEMOCRACY OR CHALLENGING FEDERALISM](https://lijdlr.com/2025/01/29/one-nation-one-election-reforming-democracy-or-challenging-federalism/) - The concept of "One Nation, One Election" has become a focal point of India’s electoral reform discourse, promising efficiency, cost reduction, and streamlined governance. Proponents argue that synchronized elections would alleviate the financial burden of recurring polls and reduce policy paralysis caused by the frequent imposition of the Model Code of Conduct (MCC). - [INTERPRETATION OF NON-FUNGIBLE TOKENS (NFTS) AND BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2025/01/29/interpretation-of-non-fungible-tokens-nfts-and-blockchain-technology-in-india/) - The rise of non-fungible tokens (hereinafter referred to as “NFTs”) has changed the way digital properties operate and as such presents new possibilities for, in this instance intellectual property rights notably copyrights. This paper interrogates how the emergence of NFTs and blockchain technology are challenging, reconstituting conventional copyright law regimes NFTs - unique digital assets with proof of ownership verified through blockchain technology - have swept across an array of industries from art and music to entertainment, providing a new way for creators to both authenticate their work and monetize it online. However, the intersection of NFTs and copyrights raises complexities regarding ownership, infringement, and the scope of rights pertaining to NFT transactions. - [E-COMMERCE AND FINTECH: LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS](https://lijdlr.com/2025/01/29/e-commerce-and-fintech-legal-and-regulatory-frameworks/) - This integration has dramatically impacted global economies in terms of unprecedented innovation and efficiency in digital transactions and financial services. This industry has relied on technological power in order to build an experience of seamless usage, accessibility enhancement, and an extension of reach for a market where economic growth and social inclusion are supported.[1]. However, this growth also poses unprecedented legal and regulatory issues, mainly in the realm of privacy concerns, cyber security threats, and the complex jurisdiction where cross-border transactions are encountered. - [CAN ALGORITHMS BE PATENTED? THE BATTLE BETWEEN TECH GIANTS](https://lijdlr.com/2025/01/21/can-algorithms-be-patented-the-battle-between-tech-giants/) - Significant changes in a variety of industries are being driven by algorithms, which are at the heart of advances in machine learning, artificial intelligence, and emerging technologies. However, their enormous worth is frequently contrasted with difficulties in intellectual property law, especially when it comes to figuring out if they qualify for patent protection. Algorithms are crucial in forming economies, civilizations, and industries in the current era of technological progress. Algorithms provide the foundation of numerous revolutionary technologies, ranging from financial applications to artificial intelligence. At the nexus of technology and intellectual property law, the patentability of algorithms is still a controversial topic. As crucial elements of contemporary inventions, algorithms propel developments in finance, artificial intelligence, and other cutting-edge fields. With an emphasis on how international frameworks and pragmatic tactics arc influencing the legal environment around algorithm patentability, this article offers a thorough overview and explores the wider ramifications for competitiveness, creativity, and society. - [ANALYSIS OF THE RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN CORPORATE LAW: IMPLICATIONS FOR PRIVATE COMPANIES](https://lijdlr.com/2025/01/19/analysis-of-the-recent-developments-in-corporate-law-implications-for-private-companies/) - This article analyses the latest modifications in Corporate Law or Business law in India and how these modified laws impact Private companies or the Private sector. The Companies Act of 2013 has been amended to improve the administration and accountability of companies. The ‘Satyam Computer Service Ltd. Vs Serious Fraud Investigation Office’ landmark case contributed to major Amendments to the Companies Act of 2013, which shows that companies need independent directors to provide neutral surveillance, and audit committees are essential to ensure truthfulness and integrity. These major amendments are as follows: (1) Compulsory independent directors, (2) Separate meetings for independent directors, (3) Compulsory audit committee, and (4) Consolidated audit committee responsibilities. ‘Samsung Vs Union of India’ case has also led to a significant development in Corporate Law, specifically in the field of Corporate Social Responsibility, which explains that companies must utilize 2 per cent of their profits on Corporate Social Responsibility practices by ‘section 135 of the Companies Act of 2013’ and all private companies must tell their Corporate Social Responsibility practices and expenses in the Financial Report. This case ruling has implications for all private companies of India whose net worth of Rupees 500 crore or more must utilise 2 per cent of their average profit on Corporate Social Responsibility and private companies must develop ‘Corporate Social Responsibility’ policies and strategy by ‘schedule 7th of the Companies Act, 2013’. Private companies must focus on corporate government and social responsibility for sustainable growth and trust from society and investors. - [CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE LECTURE METHOD OF TEACHING IN LEGAL EDUCATION AND SUGGESTIONS FOR PROGRESS](https://lijdlr.com/2025/01/10/critical-analysis-of-the-lecture-method-of-teaching-in-legal-education-and-suggestions-for-progress/) - The lecture teaching method is one of the useful methods in law teaching. In this teaching method, lecturers provide their legal knowledge to the students systematically and in a structured manner. The lecture method is useful to explain complex legal concepts, principles, and theories in an easily understandable manner. This method is cost cost-friendly method. Because it does not require any special tools or materials, it needs only minimal basic work, allowing lecturers to feel comfortable in teaching because they are the only source in the lecture method of leaching. - [THE PRINCIPLE OF NONREFOULEMENT AND THE NATIONAL SECURITY DILEMMA: ADDRESSING THE ROHINGYA CRISIS IN BANGLADESH](https://lijdlr.com/2025/01/10/the-principle-of-nonrefoulement-and-the-national-security-dilemma-addressing-the-rohingya-crisis-in-bangladesh/) - The Rohingya of Myanmar are one of the world’s most persecuted minority populations, lacking citizenship. Rohingya refugees from the Arakan state of Myanmar have sought refuge in Bangladesh multiple times to escape state-sponsored persecution, with a significant influx occurring in 2017. Although Bangladesh is not a party to the 1951 Refugee Status Convention, it has, on humanitarian grounds, sheltered the refugees and adhered to the principle of non-refoulement. However, this humanitarian consideration has become a burden for Bangladesh, which must balance it with national security concerns. On the one hand, the principle of non-refoulement under customary international law and human rights treaties obliges states to protect refugees. On the other hand, various international instruments, including several United Nations resolutions on the elimination of acts of terror, mandate ensuring that no refugee is involved in acts of terror or any serious criminal activities. This paper will examine the obligations under the principle of non-refoulement and its challenging implications for national security. - [IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON SECURITIES REGULATION​](https://lijdlr.com/2025/01/10/impact-of-technology-on-securities-regulation/) - Due to the increased adoption of technology, the securities regulation has been shaped in numerous ways with several positives and negatives for the regulators, investors and the market players. This research paper seeks to discuss the roles of technology in securities regulation by analysing recent developments including, but not limited to, blockchain technology, artificial intelligence, big data analytical technology and algorithmic trading. - [CYBER SECURITY IN INDIA: EVOLUTION AND IMPORTANCE](https://lijdlr.com/2025/01/03/cyber-security-in-india-evolution-and-importance/) - CYBER SECURITY IN INDIA: EVOLUTION AND IMPORTANCE Khalid Ali Khan Afridi, L.L.M. (Constitutional & Administrative Law) I Year (I Semester) Postgraduate Student at Faculty of Juridical Sciences, RAMA University Kanpur Uttar Pradesh. Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2024.v02.44 With the rapid digitization of various sectors in India the need for strong cyber security measures has become paramount. India - [FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS IN THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA: AN ANALYSIS OF RELEVANT ARTICLES AND CASE LAWS](https://lijdlr.com/2025/01/03/fundamental-rights-in-the-constitution-of-india-an-analysis-of-relevant-articles-and-case-laws/) - FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS IN THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA: AN ANALYSIS OF RELEVANT ARTICLES AND CASE LAWS Khalid Ali Khan Afridi, LL.M. (Constitutional & Administrative Law) I Year (I Semester) Postgraduate Student at Faculty of Juridical Sciences, RAMA University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh. Mohammad Tanveer, LL.M. (Constitutional & Administrative Law) I Year (I Semester) Postgraduate Student at Faculty This research paper aims to analyze the fundamental rights granted by the Constitution of India which play a vital role in protecting and safeguarding the individual rights of citizens. The paper explores the relevant articles and case laws pertaining to these rights to provide a comprehensive understanding of their significance in Indian constitutional law. The Constitution of India under Part III guarantees fundamental rights to all citizens. - [BIOLOGICAL WARFARE AND PUBLIC HEALTH: PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE STRATEGIES](https://lijdlr.com/2025/01/01/biological-warfare-and-public-health-preparedness-and-response-strategies/) - Biological warfare, or the deliberate use of biological agents against enemies, has been a crucial concern for national security and public health. While technological development in biotechnology offers a potential channel through which biological agents can be developed and released in a very dangerous mounting danger of bioterrorism and state-sponsored attacks, this paper discusses the current understanding of how to deal with and respond to biological warfare measures through international collaborations that enable legal frameworks and public health infrastructures necessary to mitigate them. - [FROM GURUKULA TO GLOBAL CLASSROOM: A HISTORI-CAL STUDY OF SOCIO-CULTURAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE INDIAN EDUCATION SYSTEM](https://lijdlr.com/2025/01/01/from-gurukula-to-global-classroom-a-histori-cal-study-of-socio-cultural-foundations-of-the-indian-education-system/) - This research paper delves into a deep tapestry of understanding the historical development of transmission methods of knowledge. Education is the process of acquiring knowledge, skills, and value through various learning methods, wherein the education system is a formal instrument of education application in society. As per Swami Vivekananda, ‘Education is the manifestation of perfection already in man’. Human resources and its management play a vital role in the development of the national economy, and thereby, the paper also highlights the significant role education has played in the Indian economy from time immemorial. - [TRANSFORMATIVE JUSTICE: JUDICIAL ACTIVISM AS A CATALYST FOR CONSTITUTIONAL EVOLUTION IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2024/12/31/transformative-justice-judicial-activism-as-a-catalyst-for-constitutional-evolution-in-india/) - In an era where the boundaries of rights and governance are constantly tested, judicial activism emerges as a significant force for constitutional interpretation, reshaping the landscape of justice and democracy. The necessity of Judicial Activism is prevalent in all the cases where there is a want of justice that is not legislated by a specific law but is established through constitutional principles. - [ESG REGULATIONS: CORPORATE INDIA’S EXPEDITION TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE](https://lijdlr.com/2024/12/20/esg-regulations-corporate-indias-expedition-towards-a-sustainable-future/) - ESG REGULATIONS: CORPORATE INDIA’S EXPEDITION TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE Shivam Bhattacharya, Pursuing LL.M. from Gujarat National Law University, Gandhinagar Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2024.v02.40 The Covid-19 pandemic is the first demonstration of sustainability that can be considered definite. The expeditious growth of regulation relating to ‘Environmental, Social and Governance’ (hereinafter referred to as “ESG”) regulations post-the pandemic - [RELIGIOUS AUTONOMY V. JUDICIAL INTERVENTION: DEFINING ESSENTIAL RELIGIOUS PRACTICES IN INDIAN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW](https://lijdlr.com/2024/12/20/religious-autonomy-v-judicial-intervention-defining-essential-religious-practices-in-indian-constitutional-law/) - Religious autonomy is one of the essential pillars of Indian democracy, and the nation is responsible for guaranteeing the same access to every citizen. Despite the fundamentality and pivotal nature of religious freedom, it cannot be categorized as an absolute right of the individual or community. The same has been subject to reasonable restrictions which can be better ensured by judicial intervention and interpretation whenever required. - [THE RELEVANCE OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT IN INDIAN CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS](https://lijdlr.com/2024/12/15/the-relevance-of-capital-punishment-in-indian-criminal-justice-system-a-comprehensive-analysis/) - The concept of life is profoundly significant, intertwining morality, justice, and the implications of wrongdoing. Capital punishment, or the death penalty, is a highly contested form of punishment where a person is executed by the state for a crime. This paper examines the introduction and evolution of capital punishment in India's criminal justice system, analyzing arguments for and against it. It explores international law compliance, judicial precedents, and significant reports shaping its implementation in India. - [THE SHADOW ECONOMY: UNVEILING THE WHITE-COLLAR CRIMES IN INDIAN LEGAL SYSTEM WITH A CRITICAL ANALYSIS](https://lijdlr.com/2024/12/15/the-shadow-economy-unveiling-the-white-collar-crimes-in-indian-legal-system-with-a-critical-analysis/) - This research provides a concise overview of white-collar crimes in India, exploring the historical background of the recent scams related to white-collar crime in India and with the significant reports and the case laws. The legal framework in the conduct of white-collar crimes lacks a rigid structure. When the world encountered business and technological development the presence of white-collar crimes rapidly increased, and to restrain it a strong structure of law was imposed. - [GUARDING FEMALE EMPLOYEES AGAINST SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN WORKPLACE](https://lijdlr.com/2024/12/06/guarding-female-employees-against-sexual-harassment-in-workplace/) - Traditionally, the man was responsible for hunting and performing duties outside the four walls while the woman was responsible for overseeing affairs within the four walls. But with increasing formal education for females, the female workforce too increased creating parity between genders in the working class. The increased participation of females in offices, factories, and mines also created a need for a separate mechanism for speedy redressal of abuse of sexual nature at the workplace. Sexual harassment leads to frequent dropouts by females and affects the productivity of female employees. The lawmakers in the interest of economic growth devised enactment to provide a safe work environment for females in both organized and unorganized sectors. The framers of the Constitution provided for safeguarding for females in all walks of life. Additionally, the Indian Penal Code along with Criminal Amendment Act 2013, expanded the definition of sexual harassment and made it a criminal offence. - [A LEGAL PERSPECTIVE ON CIVIL SERVICE EXAMINATIONS AND SCRUTINY SYSTEM: PUJA KHEDKAR CASE](https://lijdlr.com/2024/12/06/a-legal-perspective-on-civil-service-examinations-and-scrutiny-system-puja-khedkar-case/) - The evolution of civil services in India and their relation to social welfare has always been significant. These services being started during the British period, have continued to be an integral part of India’s quasi-federal structure. These civil services and government examinations have undergone major changes with time in consideration since 1784. The involvement of judicial factors and the Indian judiciary is the highlighting factor for change in the civil services examination system. At each level of the state there is the constitution of the State Public Service Commission whereas at the Central level, the Union Public Service Commission conducts civil examinations. There is a check bounce on both commissions by the apex court of India. To delve deeper into this research paper, analyses the transformation journey of civil service examinations, the concerned body, and the challenges involved in maintaining the authority of power within the system. This research paper serves as an account of examination systems in India, the scrutinization and merit system, the role of the Union Public Service Commission in the motivation of eligible cadres, difficulties faced by the Commission in addressing the same, and its overall implications on the judicial framework and country at large. - [TRAVERSING THE LEGALITY OF MARITAL RAPE: AN ANALYSIS IN LIGHT OF MODERN INDIAN CRIMINAL LAW](https://lijdlr.com/2024/12/06/traversing-the-legality-of-marital-rape-an-analysis-in-light-of-modern-indian-criminal-law/) - This paper research about whether the marital rape is an offense or not. Rape is a cruel form of violation of the right to privacy for women and a violation of human rights against women. It is not only the physical effect but also the psychological effect. Rape is considered an offense under Section 375 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 which will be replaced by Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 defined the same as under Section 63 of said sanhita but have some modifications. No specific laws were criminalized and penalized the marital rape. Since marital rape is not considered an offense of rape and not the offense is criminalized. This paper gives us efficient matter about the marital rape. There are so many judicial decisions is pronounced the validity of marital rape. Both sides of marital rape are offenses and not offenses are equal value. But one thing will strongly be concluded: we all have equal rights and no right to be infringed in any way. - [THE LEGAL IMPLICATIONS OF INFLUENCER MARKETING](https://lijdlr.com/2024/11/30/the-legal-implications-of-influencer-marketing/) - THE LEGAL IMPLICATIONS OF INFLUENCER MARKETING Harsh Verma, Student at Galgotias University Download Manuscript Influencer marketing has disrupted the advertising sector by capitalizing on social media personalities and their large following and influence to promote products or services. The speed of this evolution has far outpaced the pace at which the corresponding legal frameworks are - [ANALYSING THE BUYBACK OF SHARES IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2024/11/30/analysing-the-buyback-of-shares-in-india/) - Buyback of shares have gained great prominence in India after the Amendment to companies Act in 1999, which allows companies to repurchase their own shares. This kind of strategy tries to restrict and limit share supply in the market, perhaps stabilizing or increasing prices, but their effectiveness varies greatly, raising concerns about their underlying worth. This paper analyses the reason for buybacks, including their influence on market value. Though buybacks can increase shareholder value, companies must balance this approach with long-term investments to avoid masking underlying financial issues. - [UNSEEN HAZARDS: ANALYSING THE IMPACT OF NEGLIGENCE IN ACCIDENT CAUSATION](https://lijdlr.com/2024/11/30/unseen-hazards-analysing-the-impact-of-negligence-in-accident-causation/) - Negligence plays a big role in causing accidents, especially when it comes to driving. In this research paper, we're going to dig into how negligence affects accident causation and the laws that deal with this issue in different places. First up, we're going to look at the relevant parts of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) that deal with accidents caused by negligence. We'll dive into sections like Section 304A (which covers causing death by negligence), Section 336 (dealing with acts that put others' lives at risk), and Section 279 (all about reckless driving on public roads). We'll break it all down and explain what the law says about these negligence-related offenses. But we're not stopping there. We'll also take a good look at the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 (MVA). This act lays out a bunch of rules for how motor vehicles should be operated. We'll explore the important bits, like the duty of care, liability for negligence, the presumption of negligence, contributory negligence, and vicarious liability. These rules show how the law tackles the problem of negligence when it comes to causing accidents. - [BARS AND BOUNDARIES: A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF INDIAN PRISONERS’ RIGHTS IN LIGHT OF GLOBAL LEGAL FRAMEWORKS](https://lijdlr.com/2024/11/30/bars-and-boundaries-a-critical-assessment-of-indian-prisoners-rights-in-light-of-global-legal-frameworks/) - This paper examines the state of prisoners' rights in India, highlighting the disparity between legal frameworks and their implementation. Despite constitutional protections and international obligations, such as the UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (Nelson Mandela Rules) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), Indian prisons face systemic issues including overcrowding, prolonged pre-trial detentions, inadequate healthcare, and caste-based discrimination. - [EXPLORING THE REASON BEHIND UNREPORTED HATE CRIMES](https://lijdlr.com/2024/11/23/exploring-the-reason-behind-unreported-hate-crimes/) - Hate crimes in India are increasingly recognized as a critical social problem, including acts of violence or discrimination based on religion, caste, ethnicity and regional identity. These crimes are usually motivated by prejudice, often fueled by divisive political discourse, cultural prejudices and socio-economic inequalities. Religious minorities, especially Muslims, Dalits (historically marginalized communities) and immigrants, face increased risks of victimization. - [ARTICLE 19: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND EXPRESSION IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2024/11/23/article-19-a-critical-analysis-of-freedom-of-speech-and-expression-in-india/) - Article 19[1] of the Indian Constitution guarantees citizens the fundamental right to freedom of speech and expression. This right is considered the foundation of democracy, enabling individuals to express their opinions freely, which is essential for a participatory and transparent government. - [BALANCING THE RIGHT TO DIE AND FAMILIAL OBLIGATIONS: THE INFLUENCE OF CULTURAL AND RELIGIOUS VALUES ON EUTHANASIA DECISIONS IN INDIAN FAMILY LAW](https://lijdlr.com/2024/11/11/balancing-the-right-to-die-and-familial-obligations-the-influence-of-cultural-and-religious-values-on-euthanasia-decisions-in-indian-family-law/) - This paper examines intricate dynamics involving euthanasia, family obligations, as well as the cultural and religious forces that govern Indian law. The recently landmark Aruna Shanbaug case presented a significant judgment declaring passive euthanasia legal which led to an intriguing attempt by the Indian legal structure to strike a balance between a patient's right to die as well as family's moral obligation to care for the patient. This is well summarized by Mahatma Gandhi, who profoundly said, "The greatness of a nation can be judged by how it treats its weakest members," thereby underscoring empathy very much as a central consideration in life and death legal discussions. - [CYBER SECURITY MENACES IN BANKING: EMERGING PERILS AND WAYS TO MITIGATION](https://lijdlr.com/2024/11/11/cyber-security-menaces-in-banking-emerging-perils-and-ways-to-mitigation/) - As the backbone in current economies, the banking sector has experienced a digital revolution, utilising technology to improve client satisfaction, accessibility, and efficiency. But this higher dependence on the internet has also made the banking industry more vulnerable to a complicated and dynamic threat environment. Cyber-attacks are becoming a constant and serious problem for financial institutions around the globe. - [ANTI-BRIBERY AND ANTI-CORRUPTION LAWS: CORPORATE COMPLIANCE IN A GLOBAL MARKETPLACE](https://lijdlr.com/2024/11/11/anti-bribery-and-anti-corruption-laws-corporate-compliance-in-a-global-marketplace/) - Bribery and corruption have long been widespread in business, causing financial losses and emotional distress for ordinary people. To combat these unethical practices, anti-bribery and corruption laws were introduced. These laws not only safeguard individuals from being exploited under the guise of business dealings but also protect companies and organisations from engaging in or accepting bribery. - [DECIPHERING THE LEGAL PUZZLE: COPYRIGHT PROTECTION FOR AI GENERATED WORK](https://lijdlr.com/2024/11/11/deciphering-the-legal-puzzle-copyright-protection-for-ai-generated-work/) - As artificial intelligence (AI) continues to revolutionize industries such as art, literature, music, and software development, the matter of copyright protection for AI-generated creations has become increasingly intricate and requires contemporary attention in considering the drastic growth and development of AI. This paper seeks to evaluate the level of originality in AI-generated works, examining the challenges these creations face in meeting the originality requirements under copyright law for protection. - [EFFECTIVENESS OF CONSUMER PROTECTION LAW IN CROSS BOARDER E-COMMERCE](https://lijdlr.com/2024/11/11/effectiveness-of-consumer-protection-law-in-cross-boarder-e-commerce/) - Digital markets transcend geographic boundaries Cross-border e-commerce has thus become a driving force for global trade. However, the rapid growth of online shopping across countries has created significant challenges regarding consumer protection. This article examines the effectiveness of consumer protection laws in protecting consumer rights related to cross-border transactions. By analysing issues related to challenges in jurisdictions Lack of consistency in standards and consumer remedies mechanisms This study aims to provide insights into the complexities of enforcing consumer protection in a globalized economy and across borders, e-supporting the establishment of strong organizations. Legal framework to protect consumers in the evolving trade landscape - [GROWTH OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) IN THE INDIAN LEGAL SYSTEM AND ITS IMPACT ON CYBER TERRORISM IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2024/10/05/growth-of-artificial-intelligence-ai-in-the-indian-legal-system-and-its-impact-on-cyber-terrorism-in-india/) - “Artificial Intelligence is not a substitute for human intelligence; it is a tool to amplify human creativity and ingenuity” - Fei-Fei-Li (American Computer Scientist) AI is a new leading-edge innovation. It is currently restructuring various realms. Traditional methods have been replaced after the unification of AI in different sectors particularly the integration of AI in the Indian legal system. AI has proved helpful in Cyber Space by curbing Cyber threats and ensuring Cybersecurity. The present research study is devoted to how “Artificial intelligence” has grown in the Indian Legal System. It deals with the use of AI in Cybersecurity. It also traces the present legal framework with regard to AI and Cyberterrorism in India. - [THE EFFICACY OF CARBON TRADING VIS A VIS ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE IN KENYA AND OTHER DEVELOPING COUNTRIES](https://lijdlr.com/2024/10/05/the-efficacy-of-carbon-trading-vis-a-vis-environmental-justice-in-kenya-and-other-developing-countries/) - This article critically analyses the prolonged environmental injustices that have been occurring in the global south. Carbon trading being used as a mitigation measure and existing in two forms voluntary and regulatory compliance markets. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of carbon trading schemes in Kenya and comparable developing countries in delivering environmental justice and community-level benefits besides emissions reductions. - [ENTITLEMENT OF THE SECOND WIFE TO MAINTENANCE IN HINDU LAW: CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF LAWS AND PRECEDENTS](https://lijdlr.com/2024/10/05/entitlement-of-the-second-wife-to-maintenance-in-hindu-law-critical-analysis-of-laws-and-precedents/) - The essentiality of the rule of monogamy under the Hindu Marriage Act of 1955 holds any marriage in contravention of it void. Specific rights and privileges flow to a woman through a valid marriage. With this legal reality, this research paper examines the second wife's right to maintenance under Hindu law. It would mainly focus on the right to maintenance of the second wife who knowingly entered into a bigamous marriage. - [AN ERA OF GLOBAL RELATIONS: HOW INTERNATIONAL LAWS INFLUENCE DOMESTIC LAWS](https://lijdlr.com/2024/10/05/an-era-of-global-relations-how-international-laws-influence-domestic-laws/) - International Law is a field of law that is on constant debate on whether it could be considered as real law as there are no mechanisms to enforce it. There have been debates that international law affects the sovereignty of a nation and makes its way into domestic law through persuasion. It has been debated how international law functions in general. International law has a Western touch to it. It tries to impose Western culture on other nations has been one the most prevalent debates. - [ANTITRUST LAW IN THE AGE OF BIG TECH: REGULATING DIGITAL MARKET POWER AND SAFEGUARDINGCONSUMER INTEREST](https://lijdlr.com/2024/10/05/antitrust-law-in-the-age-of-big-tech-regulating-digital-market-power-and-safeguardingconsumer-interest/) - In the contemporary digital economy, antitrust law feels a new set of powerful challengers in the form of Google, Amazon, Facebook, Apple, and Microsoft among others. Large enterprises which control these numerous digital platforms, data infrastructure, and international markets, have elicited fears of their monopolistic nature, thus making these companies wield unprecedented market power. - [UNIFORM CIVIL CODE : EXAMINING THE OBSTACLES TO PUTTING UCC INTO EFFECT](https://lijdlr.com/2024/10/05/uniform-civil-code-examining-the-obstacles-to-putting-ucc-into-effect/) - In India, there is a lot of discussion and debate about the Uniform Civil Code (UCC). It touches on issues of gender equality, religious freedom, and social harmony. The UCC proposes a common set of laws governing private matters such as marriage, divorce, inheritance, and adoption, regardless of a citizen's religious identity. This essay critically investigates the UCC's historical roots, constitutional foundation, and current applicability in India. The study looks at how personal laws changed during British control, setting the stage for today's legal pluralism, and how these historical changes have influenced the ongoing discussion about the UCC. To provide India some perspective, it also looks at other countries that have standardized their civil codes and assesses the successes and challenges they have faced. - [BUILDING DISPUTES: THE LEGALITY OF SELLING PARKING SPACES SEPARATELY IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2024/10/05/building-disputes-the-legality-of-selling-parking-spaces-separately-in-india/) - Franklin D. Roosevelt once said, “Real estate cannot be lost or stolen, nor can it be carried away. Purchased with common sense, paid for in full, and managed with reasonable care, it is about the safest investment in the world. It emphasizes understanding the legal nuances of real estate and parking spaces, by protecting one’s investment - [PRIORITIZE WOMEN SAFETY THAN PATRIARCHAL MEN](https://lijdlr.com/2024/10/05/prioritize-women-safety-than-patriarchal-men/) - India gained its independence in 1947 and adopted the constitution in 1949. The preamble of the constitution states equality, and the Indian constitution under Articles 14 and 51-A allows the state to form special laws for protecting women and respecting women. The NCRB has issued a stating that there is rape reported every 15 minutes in the country there are laws that are made to protect women against violation. Women suffer domestic violence, dowry death, sexual harassment in the workplace and brutally raped. The schemes have been made to protect women in their workplace and outside their houses like emergency numbers and Nirbhaya funds these schemes are made by both central and state governments for violations against women and girl children. Sections 375 and 376 of the Indian Penal Code of 1890 define rape and punishments for rape. - [CAN ADOPTION LAWS INCORPORATE REVOCABILITY? AN ANALYSIS OF SECTION 15 OF THE HINDU ADOPTION & MAINTENANCE ACT, 1956](https://lijdlr.com/2024/10/20/can-adoption-laws-incorporate-revocability-an-analysis-of-section-15-of-the-hindu-adoption-maintenance-act-1956/) - Adoption Laws in India constitute a part of various laws ranging from Personal Laws like the Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act, 1956 to a secular code of the Juvenile Justice Act, 2015. Section 15 of the Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act states that a valid adoption made under this Section cannot be revoked in any chance. This implies that such adoptions are irreversible in nature and once done, cannot be revoked. - [AI AND THE LEGAL FRONTIER: BALANCING INNOVATION AND CHALLENGES IN THE AGE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE](https://lijdlr.com/2024/10/20/ai-and-the-legal-frontier-balancing-innovation-and-challenges-in-the-age-of-artificial-intelligence/) - Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing the legal profession, bringing significant benefits in efficiency, cost reduction, and access to justice, while also introducing challenges related to employment, legal accountability, and data privacy. AI-powered tools are automating the tasks like legal research, document review, and contract analysis, allowing lawyers to perform these duties faster and more accurately. - [LIABILITY OF STATE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF VARIOUS COUNTRIES UNDER ADMINISTRATIVE LAW](https://lijdlr.com/2024/10/12/liability-of-state-a-comparative-study-of-various-countries-under-administrative-law/) - LIABILITY OF STATE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF VARIOUS COUNTRIES UNDER ADMINISTRATIVE LAW Tasneem Banu T, The Tamilnadu Dr Ambedkar law University School of Excellence in Law Sabari Veera V, The Tamilnadu Dr Ambedkar law University School of Excellence in Law Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2024.v02.29 This research offers an in-depth comparative analysis of the liability of the - [ASSESSING CONSIDERATION AS THE SOLE DETERMINANT OF CONTRACTUAL INTENTION: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF LEGAL PRINCIPLES](https://lijdlr.com/2024/10/05/assessing-consideration-as-the-sole-determinant-of-contractual-intention-a-critical-analysis-of-legal-principles/) - Judges, practitioners, and academics of contract law have all engaged in passionate debate and discussion over the need for consideration in contractual disputes. Common law Academics have argued time and again that consideration should be eliminated since it cannot be considered a fundamental component of contract law. Given that consideration's place in Indian law is the same as it is in common law, this debate is also well-known in the field of Indian contract law jurisprudence. The prevalent understanding of consideration in Indian contract law has been questioned[1]. There is a contention that the definition of consideration found in the Indian Contract Act, 1872, deviates from the common law's conventional understanding of consideration, which is something that can be valued objectively and encompasses promises that are subjectively expressed. - [ROLE OF SEBI IN CURBING MARKET MANIPULATION AND INSIDER TRADING](https://lijdlr.com/2024/10/09/role-of-sebi-in-curbing-market-manipulation-and-insider-trading/) - ROLE OF SEBI IN CURBING MARKET MANIPULATION AND INSIDER TRADING Md Jafar Ekbal, Chanakya National Law University, Patna Md Imran, Chanakya National Law University, Patna Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2024.v02.28 This research paper examines the role of SEBI in keeping the securities market free from fraudulent activities like market manipulation and insider trading. SEBI has enacted several - [BALLOTS AND OBLIGATIONS: WEAVING POLITICAL DUTIES THROUGH VOTING](https://lijdlr.com/2024/10/09/ballots-and-obligations-weaving-political-duties-through-voting/) - Voting is both a moral and rational activity that underpins democratic governance, raising fundamental questions about its ethical implications and individual rationality. The ethics of voting explores whether individuals are morally obligated to vote and what constitutes responsible voting behaviour. It involves considerations of justice, civic duty, and the common good, weighing the individual's role in contributing to collective decision-making. - [CONSTITUTIONALISM AND THE PROGRESSION FROM FORMAL TO SUBSTANTIVE EQUALITY IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2024/10/09/constitutionalism-and-the-progression-from-formal-to-substantive-equality-in-india/) - The evolution of Indian constitutional law has undergone a remarkable transformation, moving from a rigid notion of formal equality, which mandates uniform treatment for all individuals under the law, to a more dynamic and nuanced understanding of substantive equality. Substantive equality recognizes that treating individuals equally does not always yield equitable outcomes, especially for those historically disadvantaged by systemic discrimination, such as Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), and Other Backward Classes (OBCs). - [METHODS OF INTERPRETATION OF STATUTES AND THE RECENT TRENDS IN INTERPRETATION](https://lijdlr.com/2024/10/07/methods-of-interpretation-of-statutes-and-the-recent-trends-in-interpretation/) - This research paper comprehensively explores the historical evolution of statutory interpretation, spanning from the Blackstonian era to the contemporary period. Emphasizing the vital role of statutory interpretation in the judiciary, the paper aims to unveil true legislative intent and deliver justice, addressing complexities, unforeseen circumstances, and linguistic ambiguities within statutes. - [Women and Personal laws: A need for Uniform Civil Code](https://lijdlr.com/2024/10/05/women-and-personal-laws-a-need-for-uniform-civil-code/) - Although the Supreme Court and the Constitution of India provide for gender equality and gender justice, women still face so many injustices and inequalities throughout their lives. Different personal laws are used by various religions in India. The position of women under various personal laws is not favorable. They are subject to many forms of violence and discrimination such as dowry death, female infanticide, sexual crimes such as rape, modesty-related violence, and domestic violence. They faced oppression at home, at their workplaces, and in society. Religion has a significant place in a country like India but before religion, we all are human beings. From the ancient period, the women were considered as the men’s property. They were not considered as equal to men. They have no say of their own and must follow their husband in each aspect of their lives. There was a patriarchal society, and women had no sexual or economic freedom. As Manu stated from the very beginning of their life, women depend on someone. In childhood, she depended on her father after that she depended on her husband in youth, and later during old age she depended on her child. Thus, she is not free at all. Women were not provided any autonomy and were always considered inferior creatures. - [Safeguarding India's Traditional Knowledge and Folklore: An Analysis of IPR Challenges, Case Studies and Legal Frameworks](https://lijdlr.com/2024/10/05/safeguarding-indias-traditional-knowledge-and-folklore-an-analysis-of-ipr-challenges-case-studies-and-legal-frameworks/) - This research highlights the challenges of applying IPR laws to protect TK and folklore in India. This includes assessing current laws, and protection mechanisms against biopiracy and other threats. The research method used is doctrinal legal research methodology as it uses legal sources, statutes, case laws etc as primary and secondary resources. Frameworks and protection mechanisms present in other countries are compared to those of India. The study finds several challenges in the protection of TK and folklore, the gaps in the current framework of TK and folklore protection in India, and also provides solutions like the introduction of sui generis systems. According to research, it is necessary to adopt a holistic approach to safeguard TK and folklore in India. That is to say, reinforcing domestic regulations, devising sui generis schemes fit for the Indigenous communities, and joining the global initiatives to create a coherent global system. The analysis puts forward a mixture of legislative reforms, local initiatives, and global collaboration to ensure their sustainable protection. - [LANDSCAPE OF FOOD SAFETY IN INDIA: NAVIGATING THE LEGAL CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES](https://lijdlr.com/2024/10/05/landscape-of-food-safety-in-india-navigating-the-legal-challenges-and-perspectives/) - Food safety is our fundamental right which has the utmost importance to our health. Throughout the world, many countries enact tough rules and regulations to protect their citizens from consuming unsafe foods. Countries like India, feed a large geographically dispersed population among which one-tenth of the population is under the poverty index. India ranks 111 out of 125 countries (2023) in the global hunger index and over 20% of the kids under the age of 5 are underweight and struggling with malnutrition[1]. In this ridiculous situation, food safety is a vital matter of discussion which we often neglect. - [Analyzing the Role of Copyrights and Trademarks in Business Transactions](https://lijdlr.com/2024/10/05/analyzing-the-role-of-copyrights-and-trademarks-in-business-transactions/) - This research study compares India's copyright and trademark laws, looking at their protections, breadth, and enforcement procedures, as well as their influence on economic transactions including licensing, franchising, and litigation. It contends that, while copyright laws provide broader protection for creative works, trademark laws are more successful at protecting brand identification, and firms that use both rights gain more competitiveness and innovation. The paper examines the historical evolution of these laws, concentrating on significant legislative milestones and international agreements that influenced the Copyright Act of 1957 and the Trademarks Act of 1999. It emphasizes the actual applications of these laws in the digital era, covering issues such as counterfeiting and differing foreign legal norms. Digital Rights Management Systems (DRMS) and blockchain are being offered as technological alternatives to improve IP rights enforcement. The article uses case studies to highlight the importance of integrated copyright and trademark policies in creating a strong IP protection environment, guaranteeing market competitiveness, and boosting corporate growth in India. The findings highlight the importance of strong IP laws and creative enforcement tools in protecting intellectual property assets and facilitating strategic company operations. - [Path to Justice: Navigating Judicial Reforms and Technological Innovation in India's Legal System](https://lijdlr.com/2024/10/05/path-to-justice-navigating-judicial-reforms-and-technological-innovation-in-indias-legal-system/) - “Justice delayed is Justice denied.” The justice delivery system in India has always been contrasting in terms of handling large caseloads, delayed justice delivery, and restricted access. In the recent past, there has been an understanding of the importance of enhancing not only the overall judicial systems but also involving technological solutions to the problems. In this paper, the author analyses the judicial reforms and technology in Indian legal systems and what impact the changes have had. The paper also evaluates the implementing reforms in judicial systems for improvement of justice delivery, especially through the efficiency of justice delivery expected out of projects like eCourts that seek to computerize the judicial systems as well as the National Judicial Data Grid (NJDG). This paper examines the role of another developed system, called the Case Information System (CIS), that effectively organizes the case regime and increases the productivity of judicial proceedings. The use of those technological tools is considered against the general background of global trends, with comparisons to other experiences of digitalization initiatives in other countries. It could be seen that this research is a call for how technological innovation, can radically annul traditional concepts and realities of justice in India. This is true, but it maintains that these reforms must be done alongside the consideration of matters regarding data privacy, cybersecurity, and, importantly, the accessibility of justice for everyone, especially minorities. Using the existing data on judicial reforms and Digitalization of the Indian legal fraternity, this conceptual paper shall try to unfold how exactly the Indian Justice delivery system is adapting to the dynamic world. The study contributes to the knowledge useful for the policymakers, lawyers, and academics who follow the changes in the context of the Indian judiciaries. - [The Unlawful Activities Prevention Act (UAPA) and the Indian Constitution: An Analysis of the Constitutional Framework and the Impact on Individual Rights](https://lijdlr.com/2024/10/05/the-unlawful-activities-prevention-act-uapa-and-the-indian-constitution-an-analysis-of-the-constitutional-framework-and-the-impact-on-individual-rights/) - A committee appointed by the National Integration Council recommended an Act be approved by the Central Government in 1967 in order to prevent individuals or organizations from acting illegally in a way that might compromise the integrity and sovereignty of the nation. Both the POTA (Prevention of Terrorism Act), 2002, and the TADA (Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 2002, have been superseded by the Act. The history of India makes it abundantly evident that there have been numerous acts of terror throughout the years. The terrorist assaults on the Parliament in 2002 and the Mumbai attacks are two examples of them. An attack of this kind would surely cause dread among India's populace, given the country's size. Many Activists, minorities, and people from marginalized sections were arrested under the label of the Act and recently the writer and activist Arundhati Roy was arrested under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act of 1967. The criticism against the Act is that since the definition of unlawful activities is vague the freedom to dissent and criticize the government is also challenged under the Act. The Government can use the provisions of the Act against those who speak against it and this may negatively impact the democratic principles of the country. The Act allows prolonged detention and obtaining bail is a very difficult task for the accused and this violates the right to a speedy trial. The Constitutional validity of the Act and the amendments made to it need to be discussed and the cases regarding are still pending. - [SECULAR VALUES AND RELIGIOUS REALITIES: A LEGAL EXAMINATION IN THE LIGHT OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION](https://lijdlr.com/2024/10/05/secular-values-and-religious-realities-a-legal-examination-in-the-light-of-indian-constitution/) - The preamble of the Constitution of India declares India as a secular, democratic, socialist, and sovereign republic. However, in Indian society, clashes between different religious communities can be often witnessed. The disharmony among religious groups in India is caused by various factors, such as colonial policies, political manipulation, media influence, and socio-economic disparities. The state has taken many steps to combat religious disharmony. The Supreme Court has interpreted the constitution, upholding secular values in cases like S.R. Bommai vs. Union of India, Hindu Religious Endowments of Madras vs. Sri Lakshmindra Thirtha Swamiar of Shirur Mutt Case, etc. To address these issues, the union government has appointed many committees for investigation and recommendations. To resolve the issues, the state must implement a uniform civil code and promote secular education. Effective legal measures and policies are also needed to ensure that religious harmony continues. - [BHOPAL GAS TRAGEDY: THE ESCAPE OF WARREN ANDRESON FROM INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2024/10/04/bhopal-gas-tragedy-the-escape-of-warren-andreson-from-india/) - One of the worst industrial accidents that has ever happened in the world is Bhopal Gas Tragedy. During December 1984 night a poisonous gas leaked from Union Carbide India Limited plant in Bhopal Madhya Pradesh. The leaking gas caused thousands of deaths and severe health conditions to many others. A US firm called Union Carbide Corporation possessed the factory where Warren Anderson acted as its CEO by then. - [VIDEO GAME DEVELOPERS' USE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LICENSING](https://lijdlr.com/2024/10/04/video-game-developers-use-of-intellectual-property-licensing/) - Developers may also have to consider license agreements for components from game engines or community-made modifications.[1]. These agreements define the terms and conditions under which the developer may use the licensed intellectual property, including payment schedules and usage constraints. - [REMEDIES AGAINST FALSE SC / ST ACT CASES IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2024/10/01/remedies-against-false-sc-st-act-cases-in-india/) - In India, one of the greatest evils of the society is the caste system which has continued through ages and has been seen as putting great hindrance in the development of the country, the brotherhood among the citizens, and the fraternity of the nation. The government has taken many steps over the period to remove this ill practice from society and one among those steps was the scheduled caste and scheduled tribe (prevention of atrocities) act[1]. This legislation can be categorized as the main legislation formulated to protect the rights of the backward classes in India. This act was enacted in 1989 to” safeguard the rights” of these classes and bring them justice. The act has gone through many amendments since its enactment. But as usually seen every good deed is converted to a bad deed when got into the wrong hands. People who are covered under this act were seen spreading hatred and threatening the upper caste for their revenge under the false name of this act. Hence, in this research paper, we are going to discuss the complete history, its need in the present world, its provisions, amendments, loopholes, and some of the Supreme Court judgments that dealt with it. We will also be discussing both, the positive and the negative aspects of this act as well as the impact on society. - [RECOGNISING PROSTITUTION AS A PROFESSION AND PROTECTING ITS DIGNITY UNDER ARTICLE 21 OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION​](https://lijdlr.com/2022/08/27/recognising-prostitution-as-a-profession/) - RECOGNISING PROSTITUTION AS A PROFESSION AND PROTECTING ITS DIGNITY UNDER ARTICLE 21 OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION NIKITA AMBWANI & RUPALI CHAUHAN, LAW STUDENTS, UNIVERSITY OF RAJASTHAN, JAIPUR Download Manuscript ABSTRACT In a culture where patriarchal traditions are strongly upheld, the question of whether or not sex work (including prostitution) should be recognised as a career - [DEFENDING HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE FIGHT AGAINST HUMAN TRAFFICKING AND REFUGEE EXPLOITATION](https://lijdlr.com/2024/09/25/defending-human-rights-in-the-fight-against-human-trafficking-and-refugee-exploitation/) - The global refugee crisis and the proliferation of human trafficking represent two of the most pressing humanitarian challenges of our time. Often, these issues intersect, leaving refugees, already vulnerable, at heightened risk of exploitation by traffickers. This paper, titled "Trapped Between Borders: Navigating the Legal Labyrinth of Human Trafficking and Refugee Protection in International Law," explores the intricate relationship between human trafficking and refugee flows, focusing on how current international legal frameworks address—or fail to address—the dual vulnerabilities faced by trafficked refugees. - [LEGAL BONDS AND BREAKS: COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES ON MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE LAWS IN THE USA AND INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2024/09/25/legal-bonds-and-breaks-comparative-perspectives-on-marriage-and-divorce-laws-in-the-usa-and-india/) - This is a comparative analysis of the complex legal structures surrounding marriage and divorce in the United States and India. Therefore, this research digs into the different marital arrangements recognized in both countries, procedural intricacies surrounding divorce cases, and the hurdles that come with cross-border divorces. The paper will revolve around the play of structures of law, cultural norms, and societal values against the tapestry of changing nature of matrimonial relationships and their dissolution between the two nations. Central themes discussed include issues relating to jurisdictional considerations, recognition of foreign decrees, and the legal precedents that cut across divorces across borders. - [ANALYSING THE IMPACT OF THE SARFAESI ACT ON THE RECOVERY RATES OF NPAs IN INDIAN BANKS](https://lijdlr.com/2024/09/18/analysing-the-impact-of-the-sarfaesi-act-on-the-recovery-rates-of-npas-in-indian-banks/) - The SARFAESI ACT 2002, a shift to corporate governance was one of the major structural reforms introduced to control non-performing assets (NPAs) in Indian banking. The SARFAESI Act commenced in 2002 and was a significant shift to the management of NPAs since it empowered banks and financial institutions to recover secured loans without undergoing the conventional legal formalities required to undertake it through legal procedures. - [CYBER FORENSIC AND CRIME INVESTIGATION](https://lijdlr.com/2024/09/17/cyber-forensic-and-crime-investigation/) - Cyber forensics, often called digital forensics, is essential in modern crime investigations. It provides the methods & strategies to gather, analyze, and safeguard digital evidence. This field’s significance has grown as digital crimes have become more complex and frequent. It includes activities like hacking, identity theft, financial fraud, cyberstalking, and even cyberterrorism. - [THE STATUS QUO OF SOVEREIGNTY IN SPACE EXPLORATION](https://lijdlr.com/2024/09/17/the-status-quo-of-sovereignty-in-space-exploration/) - Everyone is constantly curious about outer space. We can track space travel back to prehistoric times. From historical to modern individuals are known to be fascinated by the motions and activity of the planets and stars for life journey predictions. Thus, these celestial bodies in space have had a significant impact on life predictions. The exploration of space has gained impetus in recent decades. Even space exploration is of great interest to private players. The goal of space exploration is to benefit humanity, and this is being pursued by government, public-private, and private initiatives. - [REDEFINING LIABILITY: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CHALLENGES IN THE AGE OF AI](https://lijdlr.com/2024/09/17/redefining-liability-intellectual-property-challenges-in-the-age-of-ai/) - The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has raised significant challenges for traditional intellectual property (IP) frameworks, particularly regarding authorship, ownership, and liability for AI-generated works. This paper examines these issues within the context of India’s IP laws, specifically under the Copyright Act of 1957 and the Patents Act of 1970, highlighting the limitations of these frameworks in addressing AI's complexities. - [WITNESS PROTECTION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY AMONG USA, UK, FRANCE, AND INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2024/09/17/witness-protection-a-comparative-study-among-usa-uk-france-and-india/) - “Whenever a man commits a crime, heaven finds a witness” - Edward G. Bulwer The above statement shows the importance of witness in any criminal justice system. The role of witness in the criminal justice administration is extremely inevitable especially in an adversarial system where the burden of proof is on the prosecution and the prosecution depends on the witness and their statements. There are instances where witnesses had turned hostile and refused to help in finding the guilty of the accused person resulting in the acquittal of the accused who may have been guilty of charges. This poses threat to society because the question arises why witness has turned hostile or why they had not come forward in the first place to give evidence and perform their sacred duty of helping the justice system. - [LEGAL RESPONSES TO DOMESTIC VIOLENCE: EFFICACY AND CHALLENGES](https://lijdlr.com/2024/09/11/legal-responses-to-domestic-violence-efficacy-and-challenges/) - Domestic violence remains a pervasive issue worldwide, affecting individuals across all socio-economic backgrounds. This paper examines the efficacy and challenges of legal responses to domestic violence, focusing on the effectiveness of existing laws, enforcement mechanisms, and support systems. - [AI IN CONTRACT LAW: NAVIGATING LEGAL CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN THE DIGITAL ERA](https://lijdlr.com/2024/09/11/ai-in-contract-law-navigating-legal-challenges-and-opportunities-in-the-digital-era/) - The use of Artificial Intelligence in contract law has had a profound change in the process of contract formation and enforcement. Thus, this research paper explores the dynamic nature of the adoption of AI in the context of contract law and specifically within the Indian legal system. Beginning with the historical evolution of contract law in India, the paper highlights the shift from manual to advanced AI-based approaches. AI has progressed basic automation tools to sophisticated systems for tasks such as like writing, negotiating, and reviewing contracts. - [THE ROAD TO MEDIATION](https://lijdlr.com/2024/09/06/the-road-to-mediation/) - By providing a successful substitute for conventional litigation, mediation considerably lessens the workload on courts by lowering the number of cases that need to be heard by judges. Mediation reduces the amount of time it takes to settle disagreements and clears the backlog of cases by settling conflicts outside of court. Courts can concentrate their resources on more complicated or contentious cases that call for formal adjudication because of this decrease in the caseload. Furthermore, the generally shorter and less expensive mediation procedure not only leads to quicker results but also lowers the total cost of litigation, which lessens the burden on the court's resources. - [DYNAMICS OF THE ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF PERMANENT AND NON-PERMANENT MEMBERS OF THE UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL](https://lijdlr.com/2024/09/06/dynamics-of-the-roles-and-responsibilities-of-permanent-and-non-permanent-members-of-the-united-nations-security-council/) - The primary responsibility for safeguarding world peace and security rests on the shoulders of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC). This analysis examines developments that affect members’ duties and responsibilities, both permanently and in the short term. It examines the impact of power imbalances between 10 non-permanent members (NPMs) elected for two-year terms and five permanent members (P5) with trust rights. - [FROM PROHIBITION TO ENFORCEMENT: UNDERSTANDING LEGAL INTRICACIES IN THE NDPS ACT, 1985](https://lijdlr.com/2024/09/04/from-prohibition-to-enforcement-understanding-legal-intricacies-in-the-ndps-act-1985/) - The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (NDPS) Act of 1985 was enacted to address the growing challenges posed by illicit drug use in India. The NDPS Act categorizes various narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, detailing the penalties associated with offenses, which can range from fines to capital punishment depending on the severity of the crime. The Act of 1985 also contains specific provisions pertaining to licensing and regulatory measures for the cultivation, production, and distribution of these substances for legitimate medical and scientific purposes. - [CAN INDIAN PRISONS REPLICATE THE NORWEGIAN PRISON SYSTEM? A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN MODEL PRISON MANUAL 2023 AND THE NORWEGIAN PRISON POLICY](https://lijdlr.com/2024/09/04/can-indian-prisons-replicate-the-norwegian-prison-system-a-comparative-analysis-between-model-prison-manual-2023-and-the-norwegian-prison-policy/) - Recidivism in India had been a major issue over a period of time, which is a direct cause of failed Indian prison policy. Indian prisons are characterized by features of overcrowding, poor management, harsh living conditions, and human rights violations. In contrast, Norwegian prisons meet and set international standards in prison policy in the global arena. Norwegian prisons are recognized by interests in rehabilitation of inmates, societal reintegration, and a humane approach to prisoners. As a result, recidivism in Norway has decreased steadily, and it also had a positive impact on the economy of the nation. The aspects and effects of the incarceration system of Norway are elucidated in this study. Indian prisons are governed by old colonial laws, which makes the prison system more complicated in India. The Union government notifies the states with model prison manuals for the governance of jails. This study describes the aspects of the Model Prison Manual 2023 and aims to predict the effectiveness of the recent prison manual. The model prison manual 2023 has some inspirations from the Norwegian prison system, which is added to make the reformative system of justice effective in India. The addition of the policies is an appreciable step forward in the administration of justice, but the question of the applicability of these policies in Indian prisons is inevitable. This study analyses the possibilities of implementing successful policies of Norway in Indian prisons and the challenges in implementing identical policies. - [WORDS OF JUSTICE: LITERARY ENGAGEMENTS WITH CONSTITUTIONAL PRINCIPLES AND DEBATES](https://lijdlr.com/2024/08/29/words-of-justice-literary-engagements-with-constitutional-principles-and-debates/) - "Words of Justice: Literary Engagements with Constitutional Principles and Debates" delves into the complex relationship that exists between constitutional principles and literary works, which serve as the foundation of society. It examines how literary works make constitutional arguments more relevant by setting impersonal legal issues in familiar settings. Among these core ideas are the legal narrative, the language understanding of the law, and the connections between the law and society. The paper examines the rationales behind the traditional methods of connecting literature and law, such as the development of legal interpretation, the enhancement of court decisions, and the progress of the legal system and attorneys. Numerous conclusions drawn from the combined examination of the law and literature apply to real-world problems and go beyond "mere" theory. It could potentially be argued that the legal system softens and humanizes its language by referencing works of literature. By using literary methods and organizing them in accordance with the patterns created by socially aware writing, it integrates itself into these paradigms. This study analyses literary works to investigate how Indian courts have lately defined and interpreted rights in relation to constitutional law concerns. - [THE ECONOMICS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS: BALANCING INNOVATION AND MARKET COMPETITION](https://lijdlr.com/2024/08/29/the-economics-of-intellectual-property-rights-balancing-innovation-and-market-competition/) - This research paper examines the economics of intellectual property rights (IPR) in India and the challenges of balancing innovation and market competition in the country. Intellectual property rights play a crucial role in promoting innovation and promoting market competition. However, finding the right balance between these two goals is crucial for sustainable economic growth. - [APPLICATION OF BASIC STRUCTURE DOCTRINE TO CONTEMPORARY ISSUES: A FOCUS ON JUDICIAL REVIEW](https://lijdlr.com/2024/08/29/application-of-basic-structure-doctrine-to-contemporary-issues-a-focus-on-judicial-review/) - The Constitution of India, being the “mother law of the land,” is framed by the founding fathers with keeping in soul the parent patria concept to fetch the utmost good to its citizens (children). No other law of the land other than the constitution shall be supreme. Such a supreme power – our constitution adjusts itself and allows us to make alterations to run in parallel with our dynamic societal changes. - [JUSTICE AND RECONCILIATION: A STUDY OF TRUTH COMMISSIONS AND THEIR ROLE IN POST-CONFLICT SOCIETIES](https://lijdlr.com/2024/08/27/justice-and-reconciliation-a-study-of-truth-commissions-and-their-role-in-post-conflict-societies/) - This study looks at how truth commissions can help post-conflict communities move toward justice and reconciliation. This study examines the legal frameworks, guiding principles, and procedures about truth commissions through an extensive analysis of international and national legislation, cases, and scholarly works. - [PARLIAMENTARY PRIVILEGES IN INDIA: EXPLORING THE IMPERATIVE FOR CODIFICATION AND A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE WITH AUSTRALIA](https://lijdlr.com/2024/08/27/parliamentary-privileges-in-india-exploring-the-imperative-for-codification-and-a-comparative-perspective-with-australia/) - Is it really necessary to grant special privileges to those who represent, serve, and govern the people? This is arguably the most critical question in the history of democracy. Why should we grant special rights to politicians in their capacities as representatives is a subject that has been posed all across the world? - [COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SEXUAL OFFENCE WITH CHILDREN](https://lijdlr.com/2024/08/27/comparative-study-of-sexual-offence-with-children/) - The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012, is a significant legislative milestone in India aimed at addressing the menace of child sexual abuse. - [MARRIAGE EQUALITY: THE TRIUMPH OF SAME-SEX MARRIAGE](https://lijdlr.com/2024/08/27/marriage-equality-the-triumph-of-same-sex-marriage/) - Ancient scriptures and changing social mores form the foundation of India’s complicated history of the fight for marriage equality. Despite progress in LGBTQ+ rights around the world, India has encountered formidable societal and legal obstacles. It would appear that ancient Indian society was more accepting of same-sex relationships, but homosexuality was criminalized in post-colonial regulations, particularly Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code. - [THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES AND THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THEIR TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE IN CONSERVING ENVIRONMENT](https://lijdlr.com/2024/08/27/the-impact-of-climate-change-on-indigenous-communities-and-the-significance-of-their-traditional-knowledge-in-conserving-environment/) - This paper sheds light on the plight of indigenous communities as victims of climate change whose concerns have been institutionally sidelined and paid disregard by both the governmental and non-governmental bodies. - [EXTENDED CUSTODY, ERODED RIGHTS? - EXAMINING THE PROVISIONS OF POLICE CUSTODY UNDER BNSS, 2023](https://lijdlr.com/2024/08/27/extended-custody-eroded-rights-examining-the-provisions-of-police-custody-under-bnss-2023/) - Reforming the established laws over time is a common societal norm every progressive society adopts. The evolution of laws over time is an important factor in determining the democratic outlook and framework adopted by that nation. Criminal laws have undergone several changes with time to adjust to the changing needs for effective laws for sustaining law and order. Criminal Procedure Code,1973, provides the procedure when the investigation cannot be completed within the initial twenty-four hours of the detaining of the accused by the police. - [ANTI-DEFECTION LAW: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF SPEAKER UNDER INDIAN ADMINISTRATIVE LAW](https://lijdlr.com/2024/08/25/anti-defection-law-a-critical-analysis-of-the-role-of-speaker-under-indian-administrative-law/) - The Anti-Defection Law in India serves as an important constitutional provision to safeguard the stability of national politics by reducing defections. This paper explores the convergence of the Anti-Defection Law with Administrative Law, particularly focusing on the decision-making role of the Speaker in disqualification cases. The paper delves into the debate surrounding the scope of judicial review of the Speaker's decisions, the legal validity of the law in light of the doctrine of separation of powers, and the application of principles of natural justice and fairness. - [MINORITY RIGHTS AND AUTONOMY MOVEMENTS: LEGAL CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN LADAKH](https://lijdlr.com/2024/08/25/minority-rights-and-autonomy-movements-legal-challenges-and-opportunities-in-ladakh/) - The Ladakh autonomy movement reflects a multifaceted struggle encompassing minority rights, environmental preservation, and the intricate dynamics of regional autonomy within India's constitutional framework. With a significant majority of its populace categorized as Scheduled Tribes, Ladakh's push for inclusion under the Sixth Schedule stems from its distinctive demographic makeup. - [FROM MAGNA CARTA TO MODERN INDIA: THE JOURNEY AND TRANSFORMATION OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS](https://lijdlr.com/2024/08/25/from-magna-carta-to-modern-india-the-journey-and-transformation-of-fundamental-rights/) - The concept of Fundamental Rights, deeply embedded in the Indian Constitution, is the cornerstone of democratic governance, ensuring the dignity and liberty of its citizens. This research paper traces the historical development of Fundamental Rights in India, from their ideological roots in documents like the Magna Carta and the American Bill of Rights to their formal incorporation into the Indian Constitution following the country’s independence. - [NAVIGATING THE PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT AND ENHANCING PREDICTIVE POLICING IN THE ERA OF DEEPFAKES: LEGAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS](https://lijdlr.com/2024/08/25/navigating-the-psychological-impact-and-enhancing-predictive-policing-in-the-era-of-deepfakes-legal-and-technological-solutions/) - In the contemporary digital era, deep fakes and synthetic media have become an issue that has presented new problems to the legal systems worldwide including the IPC. - [HORIZONTAL AGREEMENTS AND THREATS TO COMPETITION IN THE TELECOM SECTOR IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2024/08/25/horizontal-agreements-and-threats-to-competition-in-the-telecom-sector-in-india/) - The economic development of India is one of the many things that have depended heavily on the telecom sector, but it is also a fragile area as far as anti-competitive practices are concerned. Horizontal agreements among competitors can be reduced by price-fixing, bid-rigging, and market allocation, resulting in possible output restrictions. This research paper provides an exhaustive evaluation of the effects that these horizontal agreements have on competition within India’s telecom industry. - [THE BHARATIYA NYAYA SANHITA 2023: A TRANSFORMATIVE SHIFT IN INDIA’S LEGAL LANDSCAPE](https://lijdlr.com/2024/08/25/the-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-2023-a-transformative-shift-in-indias-legal-landscape/) - The BNS 2023 stands out in the evolution of the Indian law in terms of the imposed scheme of its legal thought. Therefore, the present paper mainly concentrates on the BNS in order to point out the pertinent concept and its impact on the Indian legal system. Data analysis to address next research question is about the way in which the BNS might affect several stakeholders in a legal perspective. - [THE EVOLUTION OF INDIA’S PLANNING FRAMEWORK :A STUDY OF NITI AAYOG](https://lijdlr.com/2024/08/24/the-evolution-of-indias-planning-framework-a-study-of-niti-aayog/) - As Prime Minister Narendra Modi so eloquently put it, " A major institutional reform is the move away from merely planning, to transforming India. The setting up of NITI Aayog, is a step in this direction. The essence of the revolution that NITI Aayog represents is emphasized in this quote. Not only is the name being changed, but the entire approach to governance is being rethought with the goal of promoting cooperative federalism and sustainable development. - [LOST INNOCENCE: EXPLORING THE ROOTS OF VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN](https://lijdlr.com/2024/08/24/lost-innocence-exploring-the-roots-of-violence-against-children/) - The future of any nation hinges on its youth, as Nelson Mandela once said. Children represent the seeds of tomorrow, requiring nurturing and protection to flourish. Sadly, many face a myriad of violent threats, from within their homes to their wider environments, including maltreatment, bullying, and exploitation. - [RIGHT TO PRIVACY - EXPLORE ITS IMPLICATIONS IN THE DIGITAL AGE](https://lijdlr.com/2024/08/24/right-to-privacy-explore-its-implications-in-the-digital-age/) - The right to privacy is a fundamental human right that has evolved significantly over time in response to changing societal values and technological advancements. This paper aims to investigate the concept and articulation of privacy, trace its historical development through landmark legal cases, and identify the challenges facing privacy in the digital age. - [CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF BENAMI TRANSACTION ACT](https://lijdlr.com/2024/08/17/critical-analysis-of-benami-transaction-act/) - The Benami Transactions Act is an Indian legal framework enacted to combat the practice of purchasing property in another person’s name to conceal ownership... - [ARBITRATION: A STREAMLINED ALTERNATIVE TO COURT LITIGATION](https://lijdlr.com/2024/08/12/arbitration-a-streamlined-alternative-to-court-litigation/) - Arbitration has emerged as a pivotal alternative to traditional court litigation, offering a more efficient, flexible, and confidential method for resolving disputes. This article explores the arbitration process, focusing on its key features, advantages, and the relevant legal framework in India. - [GREEN TAXONOMY: INDIA’S NEED OF AN HOUR](https://lijdlr.com/2024/08/12/green-taxonomy-indias-need-of-an-hour/) - One of the concerns in the fast-growing economies worldwide is about meeting sustainable development goals without compromising business growth. In today’s corporate world, sustainability is a necessary concept, and it requires the attention of both individuals and corporations. - [REDEFINING FUTURES: CRIMINOLOGICAL AND LEGAL APPROACHES TO JUVENILE DELINQUENT REHABILITATION](https://lijdlr.com/2024/08/12/redefining-futures-criminological-and-legal-approaches-to-juvenile-delinquent-rehabilitation/) - Juvenile delinquency presents a complex challenge with widespread implications for societies worldwide. In India, as in many other countries, complex interplay of social, economic, & cultural factors contributes to occurrence & persistence of juvenile delinquency. - [CHALLENGES IN JUDGES APPOINTMENT : IDENTITY, IDEOLOGY AND CONFLICT](https://lijdlr.com/2024/08/12/challenges-in-judges-appointment-identity-ideology-and-conflict/) - The appointment of judges in India has been a subject of intense scrutiny and debate, reflecting the nation's commitment to upholding the principles of judicial independence, accountability, and constitutional governance. This research critically analyses the evolution, challenges, and comparative aspects of India's judicial appointment mechanism, with a focus on understanding its historical background, the establishment of the Collegium System, and the dynamics between Supreme Court and High Court appointments. - [LIE-DETECTION AS A METHOD FOR CRIME- SOLVING IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2024/07/31/lie-detection-as-a-method-for-crime-solving-in-india/) - “If the police had to adopt any lie-detection technique as a measure to facilitate a criminal investigation then it should be presumed that all other attempts to gather evidence or information such as getting a confession have not been successful and that the investigation has come to a standstill”[1]. These are the words of the former additional solicitor general of India, Mr. KN Bhatt. As far as the equation of Indian law and lie-detection is concerned, the use of such methods has been a topic of controversy. - [JUDICIAL DISCRETION UPON ADMISSIBILITY OF EVIDENCE: A PERQUISITE OR PREDICAMENT](https://lijdlr.com/2024/07/31/judicial-discretion-upon-admissibility-of-evidence-a-perquisite-or-predicament/) - The present manuscript draws a parallel between the perquisites and predicaments of the component of how judicial discretion variedly affects the admissibility of evidence in both the civil as well as criminal cases at the preliminary stage. We have taken into consideration the beauteous idiosyncrasy of the judges formed over years of virtuosity as well as kept the factor of the scope of retaliation by the litigant and its mechanisms upon dissatisfaction in the cases of the jurist’s not being by the tenets of the esteemed Act of Evidence Law. The very facet of a form of evidence being in consonance with the statute and it not adhering to or aligning with the particularity of the Act would be paid heed to and various extensions of the same would be discussed. There cannot be a probable conclusion to the said topic, but the importance of a jurist’s perspective would be laid down. - [FASHION FORTIFICATION: DEFENDING DESIGN WITH PATENTS, COPYRIGHTS, AND TRADEMARKS](https://lijdlr.com/2024/07/31/fashion-fortification-defending-design-with-patents-copyrights-and-trademarks/) - Fashion is a sector heavily dependent on intellectual property rights (IPR) to safeguard its ideas, designs, and brands, with an annual valuation reaching USD 2 trillion. This study explores the complex terrain of intellectual property rights (IPR), examining its varied implications, historical foundations, and current issues through a methodical blending of primary and secondary research approaches. This paper first clarifies the prons and cons of intellectual property rights (IPR) in the fashion industry before navigating the complex mechanics of IPR protection, cultural heritage preservation, and economic growth catalysis. - [UNRAVELING THE INTRICACIES: A DEEP DIVE INTO THE NUANCES OF COPYRIGHT LAW AND THE FINE PRINT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS](https://lijdlr.com/2024/07/31/unraveling-the-intricacies-a-deep-dive-into-the-nuances-of-copyright-law-and-the-fine-print-of-intellectual-property-rights/) - For dozens of individuals across the country, the concept of intellectual property rights is still relatively new. Since it refers to the ownership of intangible assets, an individual or a business may not be aware of the rights it is entitled to, with respect to its assets. IP infringement has become a rampant phenomenon in today’s digital era. A lack of awareness of the vulnerability of one’s intellectual Property could have deleterious effects on their business. Through this article, the author presents a novel take on the fine print of IPR, with the primary focus on the law of copyright. Apart from delving into the perquisites of copyright, the author has also discussed the economic and moral rights associated with ownership, through a catena of landmark cases. Further, the author has also discussed the relationship of IPR with innovation, in light of the jurisprudence of the subject and its relevance in the modern day. The author, through this paper, attempts to make copyright owners aware of their rights and limitations, to help them keep possible future disputes at bay. - [UNMASKING THE DIGITAL PHANTOM: CHALLENGES IN PROSECUTING DIGITAL CRIMES](https://lijdlr.com/2024/07/18/unmasking-the-digital-phantom-challenges-in-prosecuting-digital-crimes/) - The evolution of technology has transformed the landscape of crime; each and every single day, a new criminal is born in the vast space of cyberworld. This research paper includes the study of challenges which are faced in applying and regulating law worldwide in prosecuting cybercrimes. Through a deep analysis of case laws, studies, frameworks, and literature, the research paper revolves around the different obstacles faced in tracing and prosecuting digital perpetrators. - [VOICES UNHEARD: THE REALITY OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AMONG DALIT WOMEN](https://lijdlr.com/2024/07/18/voices-unheard-the-reality-of-domestic-violence-among-dalit-women/) - For centuries, Dalit women in India have endured a culture of silence. They have silently witnessed their own exploitation, oppression, and brutality. Their bodies, earnings, and lives are not under their control. The manifestations of violence, exploitation, and oppression against them are evident in various forms such as hunger, malnutrition, disease, physical and mental torture, rape, illiteracy, poor health, unemployment, insecurity, and inhumane treatment. The combined forces of Feudalism, Casteism, and patriarchy have turned their lives into a living hell. Most of them live in extremely precarious conditions. Despite the advancements of modernism and post-modernism, they continue to exist in a dark age of savagery. This paper focuses on the crucial issue of safeguarding Dalit women from domestic violence in India. It delves into the complex challenges they face, including deeply rooted caste and gender discrimination, which make them more vulnerable to domestic abuse. - [An Overview on Crime of Rape Against Women In Meghalaya](https://lijdlr.com/2024/07/10/an-overview-on-crime-of-rape-against-women-in-meghalaya/) - It is no doubt that rape is immoral seriously wrong. Rape is arguably among the crimes that can never be condoned. It's probably one of those wrongs that can never be forgiven. It is one of those wrongs that criminal legislation should forbid and punish. This paper aims to investigate the causes of increasing number of Rape incident against women in matrilineal society of Meghalaya. The study purpose to describe the question that why a larger section of women in Meghalaya still suffering from Rape and it is increasing day by day in this contemporary world. The methodology of the study is descriptive and qualitative in nature. This study is based on various reliable secondary sources. The findings of the study states that women are facing sexual assault such as rape in Meghalaya is directly interlinked with the weakness of law and policies poor economic background, illiteracy, illicit mindset and influence of social media. - [CORPORATE FRAUD IN RELATION TO WHITE COLLAR CRIME IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2024/07/10/corporate-fraud-in-relation-to-white-collar-crime-in-india/) - White-collar crime was a term first used by Edwin Sutherland in 1939 to denote crimes other than those that did not involve violence, but which engaged businesses, professionals or government officials in them with the sole purpose of taking the money outside of their income. In FY 2023 there were about 13000 bank frauds reported in India by the RBI. It was recognized that the regulatory system is unsatisfactory and requires the evaluation of the role of auditors on an urgent basis. Banks and loaning agencies have not been doing their best in these circumstances, which is affected by the greasing of professional management. The abstract stresses that in India a comprehensive approach, including the introduction of new statutes, and increasing corporate governance across the board must be put in place in order to effectively and with integrity, sort out the corporate frauds issue. India can establish itself as a more trustworthy and responsible business environment by becoming aware of and thus, working towards resolving business crimes like the theories of white- collar thievery and derailment. This will be achieved by safeguarding the investors and promoting the economic growth. Developing a culture of ethics and transparency within an organization and promoting it in the long run could be the most effective strategy for stopping corporate fraud. - [THE RIGHT TO INTERNET: A FUNDAMENTAL DELUSION](https://lijdlr.com/2024/05/19/the-right-to-internet-a-fundamental-delusion/) - This paper delves into the contentious debate surrounding the categorization of internet access as a fundamental human right. It explores the origins of this discourse, tracing its evolution from a primarily conceptual debate to a practical policy issue with significant legal and social implications. Drawing on a diverse range of academic literature, legal documents, and real-world examples, the paper analyzes the arguments both in favor of and against recognizing internet access as a fundamental right. It examines the potential benefits and challenges associated with such recognition, considering factors such as economic development, social inclusion, and the protection of individual freedoms. Furthermore, the paper investigates the role of governments, international organizations, and technology companies in shaping the discourse and influencing policy outcomes. Through a nuanced examination of the complexities involved, this paper aims to contribute to a more informed and nuanced understanding of the ongoing debate surrounding the right to internet access. - [RECENT TREND RELATING TO SEDITION LAW IN INDIA ISSUES AND CHALLENGES](https://lijdlr.com/2024/05/19/recent-trend-relating-to-sedition-law-in-india-issues-and-challenges/) - This paper provides a detailed analysis of contemporary issues surrounding sedition law in India, with a focus on Section 124A of the Indian Penal Code. It traces the historical evolution of sedition law from its colonial origins to its application in democratic India. The study highlights the broad and ambiguous language of Section 124A, which criminalizes acts aimed at stirring disaffection towards the government and examines inconsistent judicial interpretations and potential misuse. - [THE JOURNEY OF LEGALIZED PASSIVE EUTHANASIA IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2024/07/04/the-journey-of-legalized-passive-euthanasia-in-india/) - India is a quasi-federal and democratic country. A country which has rigid and written constitution. The constitution has different features and one such feature is that it provides different fundamental rights to a person. One such important fundamental right is Article 21 which states right to life and personal liberty. The article may seem to be short but its interpreted in wider sense through judicial interpretation and pronouncements. Right to life also includes right to live with dignity as well as right to die with dignity and right to die with dignity welcomes the legalized passive euthanasia to all the Indian citizens. Therefore, this article will provide the remarkable journey of legalized passive euthanasia in India. It will critically analyse the concept of euthanasia and will provide the different kinds of euthanasia. It will provide the evolutional journey of euthanasia from the year 1986 to year 2018. The evolutional journey will be cited by different cases as to how the concept of euthanasia was curbed and shaped by the Indian legal system. It will also explain the inter-relation between euthanasia and right to die with dignity and how the courts in India has interpreted both. It will try to differentiate between euthanasia and suicide and how the Indian society and medical fraternity reacts to it. It will also explain the concept of living will and how it is used in medical ethics. Lastly, it will try to explain as why right to die is excluded from Article 21 and what is the reaction of Indians towards euthanasia whether they are in favour of it or are against of it. - [NAVIGATING THE GST TERRAIN: IMPACT ON MSMES AND PATHWAYS TO MITIGATION](https://lijdlr.com/2024/06/26/navigating-the-gst-terrain-impact-on-msmes-and-pathways-to-mitigation/) - The Goods and Services Tax (GST) Act of 2017 aimed to revolutionize trade by consolidating 17 diverse taxes into a cohesive system with four tax slabs, marking a significant shift in India’s indirect tax regime. However, its journey witnessed nearly 2000 amendments in seven years, prompting concerns about stability and effectiveness. Challenges persist for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), notably in GST registration, compliance burdens, and selection dilemmas between composition and regular tax regimes. These challenges exacerbate operational inefficiencies, particularly affecting small-scale businesses. Additionally, the lack of clarity in tax regulations and the reverse charge mechanism add to the burden, hindering business operations. Addressing these challenges requires simplifying the composition scheme, extending Input Tax Credit (ITC) benefits, and streamlining processes to foster smoother business operations under the GST regime. Efforts to enhance government systems can prevent minor mistakes from disrupting entities’ core operations. This paper provides valuable insights into the challenges faced by MSMEs under the GST regime and proposes solutions to alleviate their impact, making it essential reading for policymakers, business owners, and researchers seeking to understand and address the implications of GST implementation in India. The comprehensive analysis offered in this study serves as a roadmap for navigating the complexities of GST for MSMEs and underscores the importance of policy interventions urging policymakers to simplify GST compliance for MSMEs and offers researchers a framework to assess policy effectiveness, fostering informed decisions and further study. - [THE LEGAL BEAT: NAVIGATING TRADEMARKS IN MUSIC](https://lijdlr.com/2024/06/26/the-legal-beat-navigating-trademarks-in-music/) - This article explores the importance and complexities of trademark law in the music industry, emphasising its crucial function in safeguarding the identities and brands of musicians, bands, and their related merchandise. Trademarks, encompassing names, logos, and slogans, offer vital safeguarding against unjust competition and counterfeit merchandise, guaranteeing clarity to consumers regarding the source of items. The study also investigates the difficulties and legal intricacies involved in registering non-traditional marks, such as sound markings, as well as the current issues in Indian trademark law in comparison to global standards. The conversation highlights the necessity for more explicit legislative structures to protect the artistic and financial interests of musicians. - [THE PRESUMPTION OF LEGITIMACY IN THE LIGHT OF DNA EVIDENCE](https://lijdlr.com/2024/06/26/the-presumption-of-legitimacy-in-the-light-of-dna-evidence/) - A rule of "conclusive proof" is enshrined in Section 112 of the Act on the legitimacy of a child born either (1) while the mother of the kid is still married to a man or (2) if the child was born 280 days after the marriage ended and the mother is still single. "It can be shown that the parties to the marriage had no access to each other at any time when the child could have been begotten" is the only situation in which the criterion is not applicable. Nonetheless, technological advancements have enabled us to definitively establish a child's paternity. Considering this, the current research article examines the employability of forensic and scientific evidence in relation to the relevant portion of the Act. - [DISNEY RELIANCE: A STRATEGIC ALLIANCE](https://lijdlr.com/2024/06/24/disney-reliance-a-strategic-alliance/) - This research paper mainly highlights the seismic shift within India’s entertainment sector led by non-other than billionaire Mukesh Ambani and Bob Iger, CEO of Disney. It mostly elaborates on the ambitious collaboration, between RIL’s media unit Viacom18 and the global media Walt Disney forming an unrivalled corporation which will be led by Nita Ambani and will be vice chaired by Uday Shankar. This paper also tries to draw attention towards the strategic collaborative efforts between Reliance Industry and Walt Disney that goes beyond the traditional business framework, defining a watershed event that not just recasts India’s consumption of content but also establishes a worldwide standard for operational synergy in the media and entertainment industries. - [EXPLORING THE LEGAL AND ETHICAL DIMENSIONS OF INTERNATIONAL ADOPTION: A CASE STUDY OF INDIAN CHILDREN AND FOREIGN FAMILIES](https://lijdlr.com/2024/06/24/exploring-the-legal-and-ethical-dimensions-of-international-adoption-a-case-study-of-indian-children-and-foreign-families/) - This legal study paper investigates the complex and numerous concerns involved in the cross-border adoption of Indian children by foreign families. Its goal is to examine the legal framework, challenges, conflicts, and protective measures associated with this activity. The article goes into the historical context of foreign adoption in India and summarises the relevant legislation and regulations that regulate the process. It digs into cultural, sociological, and ethical issues surrounding intercountry adoption, focusing on the child's care and best interests. The responsibilities of Indian courts and government officials in facilitating these adoptions are examined, with emphasis on their obligations, steps, and oversight. Additionally, the research looks at the legal measures in place to protect the rights and interests of Indian children involved in foreign adoption. It investigates post-adoption monitoring and assistance techniques, emphasising the necessity of maintaining cultural identity and legacy. Through case studies and comparative analysis, the study provides a thorough knowledge of the intricacies of intercountry adoption in India. Based on this study, the article proposes legislative and policy reforms aimed at improving the welfare and protection of Indian children in intercountry adoption processes. This study contributes to the current literature on international adoption law and policy, offering beneficial findings for policymakers, legal practitioners, and researchers in child welfare and protection. - [UNIFORM CIVIL CODE: A HOLISTIC ANALYSIS](https://lijdlr.com/2024/06/24/uniform-civil-code-a-holistic-analysis/) - The Uniform Civil Code (UCC) in India has been a subject of extensive debate and discussion since the country's independence. The concept of a unified set of laws governing personal matters such as marriage, divorce, inheritance, and adoption, irrespective of religion, has its roots in the Indian freedom struggle and the vision of a secular nation. This research paper delves into the historical background, legislative reforms, state-driven measures, and debates in the Constituent Assembly that shaped the discourse around the UCC. The paper examines landmark judgments by the Indian judiciary, which have played a major role in interpreting the constitutional provisions related to the UCC. The Law Commission of India's recommendations and reports on the subject are also analysed, providing valuable insights into the legal and societal implications of implementing a uniform code. To provide a comprehensive understanding, the research paper undertakes a comparative analysis of similar initiatives in other countries, drawing parallels and contrasts with the Indian context. This international perspective offers a broader framework for evaluating the challenges and opportunities associated with implementing a UCC in a diverse and pluralistic society as India. Finally, the paper presents a conclusion that synthesizes the findings and offers a personal perspective on the feasibility, desirability, and potential consequences of introducing a Uniform Civil Code in India, considering the complex interplay of religious, cultural, and societal factors. - [PROBING THE PRACTICALITY OF UNIFORM CIVIL CODE IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2024/06/24/probing-the-practicality-of-uniform-civil-code-in-india/) - Uniform Civil Code provides for bringing the entire country under one civil law. Although it was encoded in the Indian Constitution with the intention of fostering national integrity and unity, it remains a disputed upon topic in India. This paper delves into probing the actual practicality of enforcing the Uniform Civil Code in India. It examines the Uniform Civil Code Bill of 2019 and delves into the analysis of its provisions, aims and objectives. Its objective is to understand whether it was actually needed and if it interferes with any of the Fundamental rights that are guaranteed to the citizens of India under part III of the Indian Constitution. The paper also seeks to comprehensively analyze the problems with the Uniform Civil Code and whether sticking to the status quo is a viable solution. The paper also seeks to delve into the complexities involved, and the political, legal and social aspects behind the implementation of Uniform Civil Code. - [EFFECT ON MARRIAGE IN THE ADVENT OF LEGAL RECOGNITION OF LIVE IN RELATIONSHIP](https://lijdlr.com/2024/06/24/effect-on-marriage-in-the-advent-of-legal-recognition-of-live-in-relationship/) - Marriage is an ancient sacred institution which is followed by the Indians as part of their own traditions and cultural beliefs. It has utmost importance and in all almost all the religions in India it is performed according to their own culture. This matrimonial institution regulates the relationship between a man and a woman and specifies their rights and duties. The concept of live in relationship is not an ancient practice that is been in India for ages. It is the relation in which a male and a female who are unmarried live under the same roof. This concept is one of the modern cultures that have been adopted from the foreign countries, especially originated in the western nations. This bond of live in relation has slowly evolved and being practised by many Indians. But it’s not completely accepted by the citizens of India as many of the families are with conservative attitude. It’s mostly found in urban cities but not largely observed across rural towns. If they are discovered also, mostly these kinds of associations are maintained in secrecy. So, the issue arises, whether these live in relations are legal or not. And if they are considered lawful what is the effect of these unmarried associations on the matrimonial institution. How the children’s rights and status, who are produced from the above said relation, can be determined and which law regulates the live in relation is the main query that arises. - [HATE SPEECH VS. FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION: STRIKING THE RIGHT BALANCE IN A DIVERSE SOCIETY](https://lijdlr.com/2024/06/24/hate-speech-vs-freedom-of-expression-striking-the-right-balance-in-a-diverse-society/) - This research paper delves into the complex lawful and moral situations encompassing hate speech in India, centring on the fragile balance between safeguarding free speech and combating discrimination. The paper starts by looking at the constitutional framework that ensures the right to freedom of speech and expression in India, compared with the basic to anticipate hate speech that prompts violence and separation. It dives into the authentic and sociopolitical setting that has formed the talk around hate speech in India, investigating the intersectionality of caste, religion, and ethnicity in fuelling unfair talk. The paper fundamentally analyses the existing legitimate instruments in India for tending to hate speech, including provisions beneath the Indian Penal Code and the Information Technology Act. It moreover assesses the effectiveness of these laws in controlling hate speech and holding culprits responsible. Moreover, the paper investigates the ethical contemplations characteristic in directing hate speech, such as the pressure between protecting marginalized communities and maintaining the standards of free speech. Drawing on case thinks about and comparative analyses, the paper offers insights into potential changes and approach suggestions to explore this legal and moral minefield. It advocates for a nuanced approach that maintains free speech whereas heartily combating hate speech through focused on legislation and proactive requirement mechanisms. Eventually, the paper looks for to contribute to the progressing talk on hate speech in India and offer a roadmap for safeguarding free speech whereas promoting a more inclusive and equitable society. - [THE OUTGROWTH AND PROSPERITY OF THE ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION MANNER IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2024/06/24/the-outgrowth-and-prosperity-of-the-alternative-dispute-resolution-manner-in-india/) - The conception of Alternative Dispute Resolution is known to be another process, when it comes to concluding the conflicts among the parties. The strait of ADR has turned out to be quite exoteric nowadays owing to the deceleration of the traditional judicial system. As we all are aware of the sedate functioning of the traditional courts, due to the pendency of cases before it. Apart from this, the costly litigation procedure is one of the predominant reasons behind the evocation of the ADR system, especially by the indigent people out there, who cannot really afford the expensive litigation system. On account of these predominant reasons, the assertion of the ADR system is noteworthy in modern times. This research paper strives to read up on the outgrowth of the Alternative Dispute Resolution system in India as well as determine the efficacy and potency of this ADR method, in the form of a substitute to the traditional judicial system, available in India. - [FROM CLICK TO CONSEQUENCES: INVESTIGATING THE CYBER CRIMES’ TRAIL IN BUSINESS](https://lijdlr.com/2024/06/24/from-click-to-consequences-investigating-the-cyber-crimes-trail-in-business/) - The developing nature of technology and digital generation has converted business operations into smooth and reliable one, but it has also exposed them into an increasing threat landscape. The generalization of cybercrime in today’s digital eco system creates substantial concerns to the organizations across the globe. This research paper digs into the complex web of cybercrime and its extensive consequences for numerous aspects of corporate operations. This paper explores the ever-evolving nature of cyber risk, which revolves from the basic clicks to the subsequent commercial ramification, thru an investigating prospective. This study illuminates the various consequences of cyber-crime by examining the actual-world instances and business movements. This also highlights the multifaceted effects of cyber-crime in business which includes financial losses, operational interruption, data breaches, IP thefts, reputation harm etc. On top of that this paper also investigates solutions for reducing cyber risks and increasing resilience in the context of persistent attacks. Last but not least, this research intends to develop understandings of the critical interplay of cyber-crimes and businesses as well by providing insights to protect the digital vulnerability and fortify the organizational defence. - [VERACITY OF LIVE IN RELATIONSHIP IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2024/06/23/veracity-of-live-in-relationship-in-india/) - After the landmark judgement of Apex court in Navtej Singh Johar vs Union Of India case Article 21 also includes in its ambit the right to live with the partner of your choice. Starting to Study with the Historical Perspectives of marriages and live in relationships in India - [A SOCIO-LEGAL ANALYSIS OF CONSTITUTIONAL SAFEGUARDS FOR TRIBAL EMPOWERMENT IN INDIA: CHALLENGES, PROGRESS, AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS](https://lijdlr.com/2024/06/23/a-socio-legal-analysis-of-constitutional-safeguards-for-tribal-empowerment-in-india-challenges-progress-and-policy-recommendations/) - This research paper delves into the issue of tribal rights with its background, its constitutional provisions, recent Socio-economic and political changes in tribal society, the background, functions and powers of the National Commission for Scheduled tribes, the issues faced by the tribal society in many areas such as healthcare, education, legal aid, finances. etc, and the research paper provides with a 16 point policy suggestions to uplift and empower tribal society in India. Overall the paper deals with the main theme of Constitutional safeguards for tribal rights and in furtherance it is related to socio- economic aspects of the issues faced by scheduled tribes and their solutions in the form of policy measures. “If there is someone who saved the forests it is our tribal community. Saving forests is a part of tribal Culture”- Narendra Modi, at the National tribal carnival on 25th October 2018 - [JUDICIAL REVIEW AND ITS IMPACT ON CONSTITUTIONAL INTERPRETATION-AN OVERVIEW](https://lijdlr.com/2024/06/23/judicial-review-and-its-impact-on-constitutional-interpretation-an-overview/) - This legal research paper, which focuses specifically on India, gives an outline of judicial review and how it affects constitutional interpretation. A key component of the Indian Constitution, judicial review is essential to the functioning of the political system. The purpose of the paper is to look at how judicial review and constitutional change are related. It also looks at how judicial review has historically developed in various constitutional systems, looks at case studies that show how judicial review affects constitutional interpretation, and evaluates how it affects the balance of power between the three branches of government. The primary research approach utilized is doctrinal in nature, involving an examination of legal provisions, case laws, and academic literature. The study comes to the conclusion that judicial review has a big impact on how the constitution is interpreted and that it can eventually change how constitutional ideas are understood and applied. - [ISSUES RELATING TO THE COPYRIGHT : AN OVERVIEW](https://lijdlr.com/2024/06/23/issues-relating-to-the-copyright-an-overview/) - Under the Indian law copyright related issues provide a variety of difficulties and complexity. An outline of these problems and possible fixes is given in this abstract. This research paper discusses about the history and evolution of copyright ,Term period of copyright and the issues relating to the copyright. The Enforcement and piracy, fair use and exceptions ,orphan works, licensing, and collective management, digital rights management, technical protection measures and international harmonization are the main topics of conferencing enforcement procedures, making fair use clauses ,having a clear framework for the orphan works helps to strengthen the copyright. Copyright is facing unprecedented problems on the digital era where the material can be freely shared and replicated with a single click. The development of the technology and the fast growing of the internet and the online platforms has completely changed that how creative works are produced, shared and consumed. The developments have opened up new avenues for the artists to reach the worldwide audience but also at the same time it have led to complicated copyright problems including illegal sharing, piracy and the challenge of enforcing copyright laws internationally. - [THE POWER OF NEGOTIATION: HARNESSING EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES FOR CONFLICT RESOLUTION](https://lijdlr.com/2024/06/23/the-power-of-negotiation-harnessing-effective-strategies-for-conflict-resolution/) - In our society, there is an infamous line, “If there is a blessing of the god then we people never need to visit any Advocate and Doctor in our life until and unless they are practising in this field”. Now, this statement reveals the mental aspects of our society such as the Multiplicity of cases in the Courts, Delay in Case Resolution, Not a sufficient mechanism for Alternative Dispute Resolution as it is only limited to the text in the Indian legal system, Costly Litigants fees, Difficult to understand their case proceedings and improper Case Management from the side of the subordinate courts and Advocates because of these negative factors people resist to go before the court or exhausted to fight in their case till the end. There are various data where we can see that there is an increase in the numbers of case filing, people are becoming aware of their rights, People raise their voices against the injustice and facilities provided by the indigenous person to file their lawsuits and so on which is easily available on the various official websites of the different news channels. Unfortunately, Reality is far worse than this sort of data because the major loophole in the procedure of our legal system is that the law only favours the people who have huge amounts of money to hire and afford the best Advocate. After all, there is a market for the advocates who never say no to taking any case even if they don't have any experience like how to deal with such cases even once or lightly handle the matter or they are just found to earn some money by rendering poor services which waste time and hard-earned money of the people. Due to their own and nearby relatives, neighbours, and friends' experiences, it is the better way to leave the matter or if any chance in the negotiation still exists then they would like to try their luck in it rather than go in those ways where there is not any end point of their journey. - [TELECOMMUNICATION ACT IN CONTRAST WITH FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS OF THE INDIVIDUALS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ACT](https://lijdlr.com/2024/06/22/telecommunication-act-in-contrast-with-fundamental-rights-of-the-individuals-a-critical-analysis-of-the-act/) - The Telecommunications Act of 2023, passed by the Parliament, replaces older telecom laws to simplify the regulatory framework. It consolidates laws related to telecommunication services and networks and is considered to bring significant renovation in the telecom laws. The key provisions include the interception of telecommunications under Section 20(2), biometric user verification under Section 3(7), and extensive powers for suspending telecommunication services under Section 20(2)(b). This allows the introduction of provisions for interception, biometric identification, and internet suspension, raising concerns about privacy rights and arbitrary use of government powers. The concerns also include dilution of procedural safeguards, biometric identification's impact on anonymity and internet suspension lacking clear guidelines and potentially infringing on freedom of expression. The Act, therefore, requires a thorough review to address these concerns and ensure a balanced approach in line with constitutional mandates. - [TOWARDS EQUALITY: ASSESSING THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND CHALLENGES OF SAME-SEX MARRIAGE RECOGNITION IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2024/05/19/towards-equality-assessing-the-legal-framework-and-challenges-of-same-sex-marriage-recognition-in-india/) - This paper explores the intricate legal landscape surrounding same-sex marriage in India, delving into constitutional provisions, landmark judicial decisions, and international comparisons. Despite pivotal strides in decriminalizing consensual homosexual acts, India does not formally recognize same-sex marriages. The analysis focuses on constitutional guarantees under Articles 14, 15, and 21, emphasizing principles of equality, non-discrimination, and personal liberty crucial to advocating for marriage equality. Insights drawn from countries like Canada, the Netherlands, and South Africa illustrate the societal benefits of legal recognition, including enhanced social cohesion and strengthened human rights protections. The study critically assesses legislative hurdles and societal attitudes that hinder the advancement of same-sex marriage recognition in India. It underscores the pivotal role of judicial activism in expanding LGBT rights and calls for legislative reforms aimed at aligning marriage laws with constitutional principles. The conclusion puts forth strategic policy recommendations to bridge existing legal gaps and foster inclusivity, advocating for comprehensive anti-discrimination laws and educational initiatives to cultivate broader societal acceptance. - [APPLICATION OF JUDICIAL REVIEW IN SOUTH AFRICA](https://lijdlr.com/2024/05/19/application-of-judicial-review-in-south-africa/) - This article examines the pivotal role of judicial review in upholding constitutional democracy and protecting fundamental rights in post-apartheid South Africa. It traces the historical evolution of judicial review, from the constraints of the apartheid era to its transformative impact under the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. The article explores key constitutional provisions and landmark cases that have shaped the judiciary's authority to scrutinize legislation and executive actions. It highlights the contemporary significance of judicial review in safeguarding individual rights, promoting social justice, and ensuring governmental accountability. The article also addresses challenges faced by the judiciary, such as access to justice, enforcement of court decisions, and the need to balance activism with restraint. It concludes by emphasizing the enduring relevance of judicial review in South Africa's ongoing journey towards a more just and equitable society, while acknowledging the dynamic nature of the legal landscape and the importance of continuous dialogue and reflection on the role of the judiciary in shaping the nation's constitutional democracy. - [IMPACT AND CONSEQUENCES OF ABROGATION OF ARTICLE 370 AND 35-A UNDER THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA : A STUDY](https://lijdlr.com/2024/05/19/impact-and-consequences-of-abrogation-of-article-370-and-35-a-under-the-constitution-of-india-a-study/) - The abrogation of Article 370 and Article 35A of the Indian Constitution in 2019 represented a watershed moment in India's constitutional history, fundamentally reshaping the governance framework of Jammu & Kashmir (J&K). This paper explores the multifaceted implications of this decision across legal, political, socio-economic, and international dimensions. Legally, the study scrutinizes the constitutional validity of the abrogation process, delving into interpretations of Article 370's temporary provisions and the procedural aspects of its revocation, drawing insights from ongoing judicial proceedings. - [DENIED IDENTITY: EXAMINING THE INFRINGEMENT OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS THROUGH THE BAN ON CASTE DECAL FOR VEHICLES](https://lijdlr.com/2024/06/20/denied-identity-examining-the-infringement-of-fundamental-rights-through-the-ban-on-caste-decal-for-vehicles/) - Caste and religious decals on cars have drawn a lot of attention, particularly considering the Uttar Pradesh police's recent enforcement campaign against them. Numerous court rulings and orders have emphasised the ban on these decals, highlighting issues with social harmony and public order. Nonetheless, objections to these prohibitions have been made, pointing out that the Indian Constitution's fundamental rights have been violated. - [EVOLVING NORMS OF GOVERNMENT RECOGNITION: THE CASE OF THE TALIBAN IN AFGHANISTAN](https://lijdlr.com/2024/06/20/evolving-norms-of-government-recognition-the-case-of-the-taliban-in-afghanistan/) - This paper examines the evolving landscape of government recognition in international law. Traditionally based on effectiveness, contemporary trends suggest emerging criteria, including gender equality, counter-terrorism efforts, and inclusive governance. The Taliban regime in Afghanistan, with its gender-based discrimination and ties to terrorism, serves as a case study. The international community's near-unanimous refusal to recognize the Taliban highlights a potential shift towards non-recognition in cases of severe human rights abuses. The paper analyses the legal implications and explores the possibility of conditional recognition as a tool to incentivize compliance with international norms. - [DEVELOPMENT OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY LAW IN E-COMMERCE](https://lijdlr.com/2024/05/17/development-of-data-protection-and-privacy-law-in-e-commerce/) - Words and phrases cannot properly describe the idea of privacy. In fact, the privacy in very essential and an important part of every individual’s life; without which or a sense of 'space,' one cannot function effectively. Hence, Privacy is regarded as an essential and valuable aspect of anyone’s existence, whether male, female, etc. As a human being, privacy is extremely important. In this case, the information about the person is obtained or transmitted without his or her knowledge or consent. The right to privacy has its own history. In India, right to privacy was originally accepted and announced as the Essential Right in the landmark case of Justice. K.S. Puttaswammy and another Vs. UOI & others[1], thereby famous judgment in the history of Indian law, wherein the Supreme Court held Privacy right as mentioned to be the fundamental Right impliedly mentioned in the Constitution of India, under Article 14, 19, and 21. Regularizing system of a free and fair computerized economy can give a valuable reference highlight adjusting whether a specific case, a right to privacy over that which is guaranteed exists and would beat any genuine interest of the state would rely upon the translation by courts on how the necessities of a free and fair computerized economy can be safeguarded. Opportunity and decency are the foundations of our sacred system, the explanation raison d'etre of our battle for autonomy. [1]Famously known as ‘The Aadhar Judgement,’ 2017 10 S.C.C. 1. - [NAVIGATING REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF LEGAL COMPLIANCE FOR STARTUPS IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2024/05/17/navigating-regulatory-frameworks-a-comprehensive-analysis-of-legal-compliance-for-startups-in-india/) - The regulatory environment that oversees startups in India is thoroughly examined in this research report. Thanks to a growing startup environment, India has been a hub for entrepreneurial activity in recent years. For startups, however, managing the intricate web of regulatory regulations presents serious difficulties, especially when it comes to guaranteeing legal compliance. The goal of this paper is to give policymakers, investors, and startup founders a thorough grasp of the regulatory frameworks that apply to startups in India. This paper examines the important legal compliance areas that startups must take care of in order to operate successfully in India through a review of pertinent laws, regulations, and government efforts. It also points out potential roadblocks and makes tactical suggestions to make navigating the regulatory environment easier. - [ASSESSING THE EFFICACY OF LEGAL FRAMEWORK ASSOCIATED WITH THE PROTECTION OF TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2024/05/17/assessing-the-efficacy-of-legal-framework-associated-with-the-protection-of-traditional-knowledge-in-india/) - Traditional Knowledge encompasses skills, technical know-how, practices regarding use of biological resources etc. accumulated and possessed by Indigenous communities since time immemorial. The unbridled globalization driven by technological advancements have intensified the risk of exploitation of traditional knowledge, wherein the corporate entities misappropriate traditional Knowledge for monetary gains without offering compensation to and obtaining consent of holders of Traditional Knowledge. The present research endeavour seeks to assess the efficacy of relevant domestic laws applicable to protection of traditional knowledge. It shall further discuss the challenges confronting protection of traditional knowledge with special reference to unethical practice of Biopiracy. It shall also shed light upon the recent judgement of the Hon’ble High Court of Uttarakhand in Divya Pharmacy v Union of India. Lastly, the author shall summarize the key research findings arrived at the end of research endeavour. - [STATUS OF WOMEN IN TODAY’S SOCIETY](https://lijdlr.com/2024/05/17/status-of-women-in-todays-society/) - In the past, women occupied positions of great status. Later in life, her situation declined. It appears that most women still do not have equal standing. The issues of women and gender justice have persisted throughout all periods of social development history. The social and economic standing of the nation shifts when women's status improves. Women have a significant role in our society. From the moment of birth till the end of their lives, they perform a multitude of important functions in our society. She may have played every function and completed every task in today's world promptly and effectively, yet she is still powerless as males continue to be the dominant gender in society. Women's status is a difficult topic to describe and a complex issue. The position of women varies greatly throughout societies and cultures worldwide. An Indian woman possessed four distinct roles and statuses. She fulfilled these duties as a mother, a housewife, a wife, and a daughter. Wide-ranging changes are already occurring for women, whose position and role in society were once well defined and nearly unchangeable. Approximately 50% of the world's population is female. Globally, a sizable portion of women are unemployed. Due to women's unequal opportunities at work, the global economy suffers greatly. - [GENDER FLUIDITY VIS-À-VIS FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS](https://lijdlr.com/2024/06/10/gender-fluidity-vis-a-vis-fundamental-rights/) - Society is vulnerable to change. Any society resisting change is not amenable to development. A society comprises rational beings with a set of conscious values. Values are mind-dependent. The internalisation of values is an individualistic phenomenon. The institutionalisation of certain values is subjected to the whims of people. Institutions promote such values that they deem fit the needs and propensities of society. Whether we accept it or not sexuality of one is inextricably intertwined with the values and norms of society as a whole. None of either of the two can thrive in isolation. However, the tussle surfaces when the status quo of values and norms disdains the sexual orientation of the individuals posing a question mark on the individuality of beings itself. The article presented herein unfurls the numerous technicalities dealing with the sexuality of a person and how it is deeply integrated into the concept of self. The recent impugned judgement—Supriya Chakraborty v Union of India—of the apex court wiggled our reasonability regarding the legitimacy of same-sex legislation. Are we evading our accountability of recognising the rights of a sphere of society relying on the premise of skewed and subjective values? Are non-conformed individuals not entitled to receive adequate and apt rights from the authorities? Is an unrecognition of rights an expected mechanism to deal with and pacify the rigidity of society? If the classification of one individual is a valid classification, then why is bestowing rights to a small section of society, not a valid concern? All these questions are answered in the presented article. - [DRUG ABUSE PHENOMENON AMONG STREET CHILDREN'S IN INDIA: A STUDY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ASANSOL CITY OF WEST BENGAL](https://lijdlr.com/2024/06/10/drug-abuse-phenomenon-among-street-childrens-in-india-a-study-with-special-reference-to-asansol-city-of-west-bengal/) - India is the second most populated country in the world, and it has also the largest number of street children worldwide. UNICEF in its 1994 study published that there are more than 11 million children worldwide. In our daily life every one of us witnesses the children who are living in a street condition, outside bus stand , railway station, under the bridge, near traffic signals, etc. These children are regularly facing hunger, suffering from malnutrition , subject to substance abuse and addiction. These children have not experienced what is home or a shelter ?, health care facility, vaccinations are not available and on the top education is a daydream for them. We call ourselves a civilised society , then does our constitution permit the various stake holders to overlook the problems of the street children's ?. In India drug abuse among street children is a critical issue , posing a significant challenge towards public health and social welfare system . This research work is an attempt to explore the prevalence and patterns of drug abuse and discuss the provisions of the existing legislations . - [AMENDING CITIZENSHIP IN A SHIFTING WORLD: INDIA’S CAA AND THE GLOBAL REFUGEE LANDSCAPE](https://lijdlr.com/2024/06/10/amending-citizenship-in-a-shifting-world-indias-caa-and-the-global-refugee-landscape/) - The migration procedure, a complex and multifaceted aspect of human civilization, has been influenced by various factors such as economic opportunities, safety reasons, and improved living standards. However, the nation-state model of political organization and the introduction of artificial borders in different parts of the world have made immigration a more intricate and challenging issue. This paper delves into the distinction between migrants and refugees, a crucial aspect that determines their legal status and rights. India's immigration laws, with their rich historical context, are a testament to the nation's resilience and adaptability. These laws, predominantly inherited from colonial-era statutes like the Foreigners Act of 1946, have evolved to safeguard the rights of foreigners, including refugees, in India, despite the absence of specific legislation addressing refugees. The development of citizenship laws in India, particularly the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) of 2019, has sparked debate due to its perceived bias. The CAA is designed to grant citizenship to persecuted minorities from neighbouring countries, but critics argue it contradicts India's secular principles and discriminates against certain religious groups. Recent changes to the CAA rules aim to address concerns about eligibility and required documents. In contrast, countries like Australia and the United States have well-defined procedures for resettling refugees, guided by global agreements and local laws. They prioritize the protection and integration of refugees into society while also addressing security concerns. This paper also includes primary research, incorporating data from various government and international databases, such as UNHRC, Refugee Council of Australia. Dealing with migration, asylum, and refugee protection is a complex task that demands a delicate balance between humanitarian duties and the nation's interests. As a critical player in the region and a staunch supporter of humanitarian ideals, India is tasked with maintaining fairness, justice, and empathy while navigating the intricate issues of migration in an interconnected world. - [GENDER INEQUALITY AS A HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUE: ROLE OF CUSTOMS AND BELIEFS IN OPPRESSION OF WOMEN](https://lijdlr.com/2024/06/10/gender-inequality-as-a-human-rights-issue-role-of-customs-and-beliefs-in-oppression-of-women/) - Human rights deal with various issues like trafficking, refugees’ crisis, labourers problems, genocide, war crimes, sexual crimes, lgbt rights and many more. However, the gender inequality problem has been one of the issues that has existed for a considerably long period. Even in this modern era, it is not accepted by the ‘whole’ world that gender equality is a human right. India faced various dimensions in gender justice. There are a lot of changes in the number of rights given without any gender biases provided before and now in India. Because when it comes to the context of India, it is said as one of the countries which was underdeveloped in the past for various reasons, however one of the causes was the setup of patriarchal society of India. In this article it is discussed about the status of gender equality in the past and the legal changes brought up. There is a role of customs, beliefs and practices for the unempowered situation of women of India. Culture and religion are treated as crucial institutions in Indian society. Thus, are any beliefs followed in the society being a cause of Gender inequality? If it is, then what are the practices that bring underdevelopment to women and what legal implications are there? These are the matters which are to be analysed in this article. - [BALANCING SUSTAINABILITY AND PROSPERTITY: THE IMPACT OF THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY ACT, 2021 ON NIGERIA’S HOST COMMUNITIES](https://lijdlr.com/2024/06/06/balancing-sustainability-and-prospertity-the-impact-of-the-petroleum-industry-act-2021-on-nigerias-host-communities/) - This paper examined the inconsistencies in the Petroleum Industry Act, 2021 and the Nigeria Upstream Petroleum Host Communities Development Regulations, 2022 aim at fostering sustainable prosperity and harmonious relationship between the settlors and the host communities in Nigeria. The work adopts doctrinal method wherein the researchers deploy primary and secondary data. In the primary data, the work used information from various statutory provisions as well as case laws. In the secondary source, the research adopts and analyses information from textbooks, journal papers and internet materials. Also, the researchers interviewed some board of trustees (BoT) members of the host communities’ development trust and the natives in the host communities with a view to elicit data on the impact of the PIA, 2021 and its regulation 2022 on the welfare and wellbeing of the host communities. The research found that the PIA 2021 chapter 3 and NUPHCDR 2022 donate powers to the Settloi and the BoT for example, to incorporate the HCDT. Again, the Act makes the Settloi’s representatives the principal signatory to the account of the HCDT. The paper recommends, among other things, that besides the novel host communities development provision, there is need to review the Act to cloth the host communities with the function to establish the trust and appoint members of the HCDT. And, the NUPRC should be made to play supervisory role over the trust, while the settlor’s power should be restricted to the payment of the prescribed actual annual operating expenditure into the trust fund. - [ANALYSING THE SCOPE OF JUDICIAL REVIEW IN CONTEMPORARY ISSUES](https://lijdlr.com/2024/06/06/analysing-the-scope-of-judicial-review-in-contemporary-issues/) - As a keystone of constitutional democracy, judicial review plays a very important role in safeguarding the rule of law and protecting fundamental rights. This research paper aims to take a deeper look at the scope and ambit of judicial review of contemporary issues, exploring its advantages and challenges in today’s legal environment. It addresses concerns about the role of the judiciary, the distribution of powers, and the delicate balance between the judiciary and other branches of government. - [DIGITAL MERGER AND ITS CHALLENGES TO THE COMPETITION LAW: INDIAN LAWS](https://lijdlr.com/2024/06/06/digital-merger-and-its-challenges-to-the-competition-law-indian-laws/) - The rapid rise of digital platforms has fundamentally transformed the Indian economy, ushering in unprecedented levels of connectivity, convenience, and innovation. However, this digital revolution has also brought forth unique challenges for competition law, particularly in the realm of mergers and acquisitions. In this paper, we delve into the intricacies of digital mergers within the framework of Indian competition law. We explore how the traditional geographic boundaries that once defined market competition become increasingly irrelevant in the context of online platforms, where users can interact and transact across borders effortlessly. Additionally, we examine the concept of multi-sided markets, where platforms cater to multiple user groups whose interactions generate network effects and drive value creation. These network effects pose significant challenges for competition authorities, as dominance in one market segment can spill over into adjacent markets, further entrenching the position of dominant platforms. Against this backdrop, we analyze the relevant provisions of the Competition Act, 2002, and the evolving approach of the Competition Commission of India (CCI) in assessing digital mergers. Notably, we highlight the introduction of a deal value threshold and the CCI's heightened focus on factors such as substitute platforms and the potential for new entrants to mitigate competitive concerns. By navigating these complexities and adapting to the digital landscape, Indian competition law aims to foster innovation, protect consumer welfare, and ensure a level playing field in the dynamic and rapidly evolving digital economy. - [THE ROLE OF GENDER IN ARMED CONFLICT: UNDERSTANDING EXPERIENCES, IMPACTS AND PATHWAYS TO PEACE](https://lijdlr.com/2024/06/05/the-role-of-gender-in-armed-conflict-understanding-experiences-impacts-and-pathways-to-peace/) - Armed conflicts worldwide have profound and multifaceted impacts on individuals and communities, with gender playing a crucial yet often overlooked role in shaping these experiences. This research paper explores the complex interplay between gender and armed conflict, aiming to deepen understanding of the differential effects on men, women, and gender minorities. Drawing on a comprehensive review of scholarly literature and empirical evidence, this paper examines how gender dynamics influence conflict processes, including recruitment, participation, victimization, and peacebuilding efforts. By analyzing case studies from various regions and conflict contexts, this paper highlights the diverse roles and experiences of individuals based on gender identity, social norms, and power structures. Furthermore, this paper critically evaluates the effectiveness of existing policies and interventions in addressing gender-based vulnerabilities and promoting gender-responsive approaches to conflict prevention, resolution, and post-conflict reconstruction. Through a gender-sensitive lens, this research contributes to broader efforts to advance gender equality, human rights, and sustainable peace in conflict-affected societies. - [CONSTITUTIONALISM TOWARD SAFEGUARDING AGAINST ‘ILLIBERAL DEMOCRACY’ IN UGANDA: A CONSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE](https://lijdlr.com/2024/03/14/constitutionalism-toward-safeguarding-against-illiberal-democracy-in-uganda-a-constitutional-perspective/) - This study aims to discuss constitutionalism as a tool for protecting Uganda from ‘illiberal democracy’. The study examines constitutionalism and its principle. - [UNIFORM CIVIL CODE & ITS IMPORTANCE](https://lijdlr.com/2024/05/19/uniform-civil-code-its-importance/) - The Uniform Civil Code (UCC) remains a perennial hotbed of debate in India, embodying the intricate interplay between cultural multiplicity and the foundational tenets of equality and justice enshrined in the constitution. This treatise delves into a meticulous examination of the UCC, tracing its historical metamorphosis, constitutional moorings, and present-day pertinence. Through a scrupulous dissection of the pro and contra arguments surrounding the UCC, this inquiry seeks to illuminate its prospective ramifications on national integration, gender parity, and juridical homogeneity. - [THE EVOLUTION OF WATER RIGHTS: LAWS AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2024/05/19/the-evolution-of-water-rights-laws-and-resource-management-in-india/) - Water, an invaluable natural resource, faces grave threats due to escalating demands and environmental pressures. The burgeoning human populace places immense strain on water resources, leading to a looming spectrum of scarcity. By safeguarding the purity of water, we not only secure our future but also ensure the continued vitality of the planet and all its inhabitants. In the realm of water rights in India, this study delves into the evolution of laws and resource management practices. By examining the historical development of water rights legislation, the research aims to elucidate the objectives, methods, and key findings about the intricate web of policies governing water usage. Through a comprehensive analysis, this study seeks to shed light on the evolution of water rights in India, providing valuable insights into the legal framework and resource management strategies in place. - [HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION IN ARMED CONFLICTS : EMERGING LEGAL FRAME WORKS](https://lijdlr.com/2024/05/18/human-rights-protection-in-armed-conflicts-emerging-legal-frame-works/) - Humankind is the most necessitated embodiment that is perceived to be of utmost importance in the world however the very premise of Armed Conflicts carves a conflictual niche towards people working for the preservation of the basic tenet of the existence of humans i.e. Human Rights. The very constructive presupposition entails that every single human being is entitled to the protection of their well-being however, the contrary becomes an aspect of normalcy during times of war. Humans themselves brazenly curtail the liberties of others thereby creating a situation of havoc. One country tends to overpower the other country by the very factum of politicization and other components. - [INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN THE DIGITAL AGE](https://lijdlr.com/2024/05/18/intellectual-property-in-the-digital-age/) - In the digital age, the concept of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) is undergoing a profound transformation. The surge in digital content creation and dissemination has given rise to a myriad of challenges and opportunities. This paper delves into the dynamic landscape of IPR, focusing on key issues and innovations. It explores the complexities of copyright protection in the digital realm, the intricacies of patent rights in an era of rapid technological advancements, and the emergence of novel forms of intellectual property. As the digital age reshapes traditional notions of creativity, access, and innovation, it is imperative to strike a delicate balance between safeguarding creators' rights and fostering an environment that encourages the free flow of knowledge and ideas. This research sheds light on the evolving domain of IPR, offering fresh perspectives on how it intersects with technology and society, thereby paving the way for a sustainable future in the digital era. - [ASSESSING THE INEFFICIENCY OF DEBT RECOVERY TRIBUNALS](https://lijdlr.com/2024/05/18/assessing-the-inefficiency-of-debt-recovery-tribunals/) - Debt recovery is a crucial aspect of financial systems worldwide, ensuring the smooth functioning of economies by mitigating risks associated with unpaid debts. In the Indian context, Debt Recovery Tribunals (DRTs) were established with the aim of expediting the recovery of debts by banks and financial institutions. However, despite their inception, DRTs have faced criticism for their inefficiency in resolving disputes and recovering debts promptly. This paper aims to analyze the factors contributing to the inefficiency of DRTs in India through a comparative analysis with global practices. Additionally, it explores potential reforms to enhance the effectiveness of DRTs and improve debt recovery mechanisms in India. - [DATA PRIVACY IN THE DIGITAL ERA: EVALUATING INDIA'S REGULATORY LANDSCAPE](https://lijdlr.com/2024/05/18/data-privacy-in-the-digital-era-evaluating-indias-regulatory-landscape/) - In the current digital age, data privacy has emerged as a critical issue that has prompted governments all over the globe to pass strict laws to protect people's personal data. India, a nation with a fast-expanding digital economy, has put in place a number of legal measures to address data privacy after realising how important it is. This study offers a thorough examination of India's data privacy legislation and regulatory environments. It follows the development of the nation's data protection laws, highlighting significant laws including the 2019 Personal Data Protection Bill. The regulatory environment that now governs data privacy is examined in this study, along with the function of regulatory bodies and enforcement tools. It also looks at how these rules may affect people's lives, companies, and India's larger digital economy. The research paper also offers a comparison analysis of international data privacy rules, emphasising areas of agreement and disagreement. It clarifies the practical implications of data privacy regulations on a range of stakeholders with case studies and real-world examples. The report concludes by discussing upcoming trends and difficulties in the regulation of data privacy and highlighting the significance of strong legislation for India's digital development. - [UNRAVELING INDIA’S FEDERAL GOVERNANCE : A CIRCUMSTANTIAL EXPLORATION](https://lijdlr.com/2024/05/10/unraveling-indias-federal-governance-a-circumstantial-exploration/) - Federalism is an apparatus where the powers are shared between several layers of government. This form of government acknowledges for the compromise of heterogeneity and topographical sovereignty within the diplomatical system. Our country is said to follow federalism incorporated with few undivided characteristics. Cooperative federalism is a form of government where the powers are shared among the elemental states and the central government, which is in implementation in our country. But India is in fact said to be a quasi-federal government due to the diluted distribution of power to the constituent states. One of the most unadulterated advantages of federalism is the decentralisation of power within the constituency. Now, the popular debate is whether the central wields so much power that it undue influences the states and confiscate their independence? This study particularly endeavours to unearth the discrepancies in the federal governance in India which is said to be a “federation without federalism”. The main finding of the study is the deep-rooted conception of political democracy in the form of federalism. Under the perpetual substitute of political dynamics, our country has witnessed persistent variation in the functioning of the federal system which is the core of this paper. The relentless issue in the federal governance of our country is the unequivocal power of the central government over the constituent states which is in contradiction with the fundamental objective of the federal system but is it really against the objective of federalism? this paper endeavours to answer that in its findings. Thus, this study finds it peremptory to analyse the functioning of federal governance in India and appraise its influence on the democracy of India. The study also has analysed the compact relationship between the centre and the state. - [PRIVACY UNPLUGGED: BALANCING TECHNOLOGY AND HUMAN RIGHTS](https://lijdlr.com/2024/05/10/privacy-unplugged-balancing-technology-and-human-rights/) - The fine line between fundamental human rights and technological breakthroughs has become increasingly important in an increasingly linked society. The convergence of fundamental human rights and technological advancement has become a crucial focus point in today's digitally driven society. As we navigate the enormous terrain of the digital world, protecting privacy is crucial to maximizing the advantages of technology. This blog sets out to explore the complex relationship between technology and human rights, analyzing the obstacles and possible solutions for finding a careful balance between the two. - [DIGITAL RIGHTS MANAGEMENT AND COMPETITION LAW: STRIKING A BALANCE BETWEEN COPYRIGHT PROTECTION AND MARKET ACCESS](https://lijdlr.com/2024/05/10/digital-rights-management-and-competition-law-striking-a-balance-between-copyright-protection-and-market-access/) - This paper delves into the intricate relationship between Digital Rights Management (DRM) and competition law, emphasizing the complexities in harmonizing copyright protection with market accessibility. It scrutinizes the potential anti-competitive ramifications of DRM systems, delves into the regulatory frameworks overseeing DRM and competition law on both national and international scales, and presents case studies illustrating anti-competitive practices linked to DRM. Furthermore, the paper evaluates enforcement strategies and mechanisms aimed at mitigating anti-competitive conduct within DRM markets. - [TRIMS AND THE CONCEPT OF INVESTMENT UNDER THE WTO AGREEMENT](https://lijdlr.com/2024/05/10/trims-and-the-concept-of-investment-under-the-wto-agreement/) - The Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC) under the World Trade Organisation (WTO) introduced the concept of Trims, or Textile and Clothing Trade-Related Investment Measures. Trims are regulations that govern the investment-related aspects of the textile and clothing sector among WTO member countries. The ATC aimed to phase out quotas and restrictions on textile and clothing trade over a transitional period, leading to a more and competitive global market. - [POVERTY ERADICATION AND SOCIAL JUSTICE](https://lijdlr.com/2024/05/10/poverty-eradication-and-social-justice/) - This Paper represents how Eliminating poverty and advancing social justice are two goals that go hand-in-hand and are essential for building an equitable society. A good society is a place where people’s values are respected and where they are able to live out their aspirations of happiness, development, and fulfillment while making a positive contribution to society. This paper examines how poverty is multifaceted and how it intersects with social justice. The five principles outlined in this paper envision a society in which individuals possess the necessary resources to be content and free to lead meaningful lives. It highlights the need for holistic strategies to address systemic inequities. It examines how government policies, empowerment of communities, education and economic opportunities can fight poverty and promote social justice. It also examines the role of inclusive decision-making processes and the importance of considering diverse perspectives when creating effective solutions. In a poverty-free society, the gap between what is desired and what is currently available is often considerable. This need for transformation is a powerful incentive for social progress. In addition to the various policies that governments have implemented to reduce poverty, practical measures are needed to ensure that these policies translate into real benefits for people in need. These include adequate funding and monitoring mechanisms to monitor progress, as well as community engagement to make sure policies are in line with the needs of those they are meant to serve. This paper highlights the moral imperative as well as the practical advantages of placing poverty eradication and social justice at the center of sustainable development initiatives around the world. It further proposes some suggestions including policies and practices on how poverty eradication can be combined with social justice. - [THE EVOLVING SOCIO-LEGAL LANDSCAPE OF CLIMATE MIGRATION](https://lijdlr.com/2024/05/10/the-evolving-socio-legal-landscape-of-climate-migration/) - THE EVOLVING SOCIO-LEGAL LANDSCAPE OF CLIMATE MIGRATION Atheesha M. V., Student, Sree Narayana Law College, Poothotta, affiliated to Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala. Download Manuscript ABSTRACT As the global weather disaster intensifies, thousands and thousands worldwide are being forcibly displaced due to environmental degradation, natural disasters, and resource scarcity exacerbated by climate change. However, the - [THE ROLE OF JUDICIARY IN UPHOLDING FEDERALISM AND RESOLVING CONFLICTS BETWEEN CENTRE AND STATE IN INDIA: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS](https://lijdlr.com/2024/05/10/the-role-of-judiciary-in-upholding-federalism-and-resolving-conflicts-between-centre-and-state-in-india-a-comprehensive-analysis/) - This paper takes a deep look into the key role of the judiciary in supporting federalism and dealing with conflicts between the central and state governments. Before discussing judicial responsibilities, it first addresses historical antecedents and theoretical basis of federalism. Lastly, it considers firm judicial decisions that address legal challenges surrounding federal structures while conflicting amongst themselves. This research paper examines how India’s Supreme Court resolves issues between National and State Governments on basis of different constitutional interpretations; this is achieved through employing varied doctrines. Also, it goes into the application by the Supreme Court of its Judicial Review Power and Judicial Activism to deal with these disputes. In conclusion, this paper suggests some future thrusts for judiciary institutions to uphold federal principles by maintaining equilibrium between power centres in India i.e., Centre and states. Summing up, this holistic study underscores how much input courts provide in preserving public ties among different levels of Governance including central as well as local authorities using a comprehensive approach towards settlement of disputes. - [IN PURSUIT OF HARMONY: EXPLORING THE NATURE AND SOURCES OF PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE](https://lijdlr.com/2024/05/10/in-pursuit-of-harmony-exploring-the-nature-and-sources-of-public-international-law-from-theory-to-practice/) - The article delves into the intricate nature and diverse sources that underpin public international law, elucidating its significance in global governance. Through a systematic analysis, it elucidates the inherent characteristics of public international law, emphasizing its voluntary nature, decentralized enforcement mechanisms, and reliance on state consent. Furthermore, it meticulously examines the primary sources of international law, including treaties, customary international law, general principles of law and judicial decisions, delineating their respective roles and influences in shaping legal norms of international stage today. - [HUMAN GENOME EDITING VIS-À-VIS RIGHT TO HEALTH](https://lijdlr.com/2024/05/06/human-genome-editing-vis-a-vis-right-to-health/) - The paper explores the feasibility and ethical considerations of using gene editing to improve health outcomes, emphasizing the broader context of the Right to Health. It delves into the complex dynamics between gene editing technology and this fundamental right, highlighting the impact on future generations' health. The author contends that while gene editing could offer significant health benefits, such as the eradication of genetic diseases, it also poses risks to autonomy, privacy, and data security. - [A SHIFT IN THE PARADIGM OF NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY WITH THE ADVENT OF GLOBALIZATION](https://lijdlr.com/2024/05/06/a-shift-in-the-paradigm-of-national-sovereignty-with-the-advent-of-globalization/) - The concept of sovereignty has been prominent for ages. Yet, the advent of globalization has brought a significant turn of modernization to this concept. As globalization has stepped foot in today’s world, sovereign policy has been affected by international ideas with various challenges and opportunities. The shift from one nation strategies to multi-national policies has brought a diverse change in the concept of sovereignty. This paper analyses the same, as with the increasing interconnection, trade liberalization, immigration access, flow of capital and technological advancement the traditional functioning of sovereignty faces significant challenges. Subsequently, it is noticed that with the challenges posed by globalization the nations find them constrained by international agreements, standards and regulations which limit their ability to pursue autonomous policies. - [LEGAL ANALYSIS OF BHOPAL: A PRAYER FOR RAIN](https://lijdlr.com/2024/05/06/legal-analysis-of-bhopal-a-prayer-for-rain/) - "I shudder in fear and tremble on December 2 nights. I saw people collapsing dead on that chilly night," Mahendrajeet Singh (79), a gas victim and retired chief reservation superintendent of railways, told PTI on Saturday[1]”. “Bhopal: A Prayer for Rain[2]" is a historical drama film that vividly portrays the events leading up to the catastrophic Bhopal gas tragedy of 1984. [1] 39 Years on, Horrors of Bhopal Gas Tragedy Continue to Haunt Survivors, DECCAN HERALD (Mar. 30, 2024), https://www.deccanherald.com/india/39-years-on-horrors-of-bhopal-gas-tragedy-continue-to-haunt-survivors-2794072 [2] Ravi Kumar, Bhopal: A Prayer for Rain (2014) - [LETTING BYGONES BE BYGONES: IMPLEMENTING THE RIGHT TO BE FORGOTTEN IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2024/05/06/letting-bygones-be-bygones-implementing-the-right-to-be-forgotten-in-india/) - With India's expanding digital landscape, this paper intends to evaluate how the Right to be Forgotten, a concept that gained considerable recognition through European regulatory frameworks, aligns with India's legal, cultural, and technological environment. The primary focus is thus limited to the application of this right to the cyber domain. India's privacy laws are critically analysed to determine whether the essence of this right can be accommodated. The paper also delves deeper into challenges in execution, like the juxtaposition of the contrasting Right to freedom of expression, a fundamental right guaranteed by the Indian Constitution, and the Right to be Forgotten. Recent legal cases involving privacy rights and online information are examined critically alongside international judgements to gauge how Indian courts view the concept. This paper contributes insights into adapting the Right to be Forgotten to India's unique circumstances, considering implications for individuals, online platforms, and society. It explores the intersection of privacy, digital rights, and free expression. [1] General Data Protection Regulation No. 679/2016, 2016 O.J. (L 119) 1. - [ENTITLEMENT AND ACCOUNTABILITY OF LIVE-IN PARTNERS IN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE: A LEGAL ANALYSIS](https://lijdlr.com/2024/05/06/entitlement-and-accountability-of-live-in-partners-in-indian-perspective-a-legal-analysis/) - Live-in relationships have become increasingly prevalent in contemporary Indian society, challenging traditional notions of marriage and family. While offering individuals autonomy and freedom in their relationships, live-in partnerships also raise questions regarding entitlements and accountability under Indian law. This research article explores the legal landscape surrounding live-in relationships in India, examining the rights and responsibilities of partners involved. It discusses key judicial decisions, legislative provisions, and emerging trends, shedding light on the evolving understanding of live-in relationships within the Indian legal framework. - [LEGAL REGULATION OF NOISE POLLUTION IN INDIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE JUDGMENT IN NOISE POLLUTION (V), IN RE (2005) 5 SCC 733](https://lijdlr.com/2024/05/06/legal-regulation-of-noise-pollution-in-india-with-special-reference-to-the-judgment-in-noise-pollution-v-in-re-2005-5-scc-733/) - With the rapid progression of science and technology at an unprecedented rate, the urban areas in today's society have grown in size and in terms of the living standards they offer. This has led to a heightened awareness concerning noise pollution, which has become an integral part of our daily existence. Research studies have been conducted to determine the extent of harm caused by noise originating from various natural and artificial sources, particularly traffic. - [DATA BREACHES DEMYSTIFIED: HOW THE EXCLUSION OF PSEUDONYMIZED DATA WEAKENS INDIA'S DATA PROTECTION LANDSCAPE](https://lijdlr.com/2024/04/28/data-breaches-demystified-how-the-exclusion-of-pseudonymized-data-weakens-indias-data-protection-landscape/) - This research paper delves into the limitations of Section 3 of the Information Technology Act, 2000 (IT Act) of India concerning the definition of "personal information." While the section effectively protects identifiable data, it fails to encompass pseudonymized data, creating a vulnerability in the legal framework. - [COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF NATURAL JUSTICE PRINCIPLES IN EU ADMINISTRATIVE LAW AND ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE: A DEVELOPMENTAL PERSPECTIVE](https://lijdlr.com/2024/04/28/comparative-analysis-of-natural-justice-principles-in-eu-administrative-law-and-islamic-jurisprudence-a-developmental-perspective/) - The Common Law, Roman law, and religious law are the sources of the essential concepts known as the concepts of Natural Justice (Due Process), which guarantee justice and impartiality in the process of making decisions. The following two Latin principles of natural justice are recognized in many legal systems - [AN ANALYSIS OF THEORIES OF PUNISHMENT AND ITS RELEVANCE IN THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2024/04/28/an-analysis-of-theories-of-punishment-and-its-relevance-in-the-administration-of-justice-in-india/) - Society enforces rules, and violators face punishment for various reasons. Theories of punishment outline the reasons or objectives for punishment, which can be awarded to offenders for various reasons within society. The paper delves into an in-depth analysis of various theories of punishment and their application within the Indian justice system. - [NEED AND PURPOSE OF INTERPRETATION OF STATUTES](https://lijdlr.com/2024/04/28/need-and-purpose-of-interpretation-of-statutes/) - Interpretation of statutes is a technique of giving the enactment’s words their standard, natural meaning in order to discover the actual meaning of it. It is the method of determining the actual meaning of the statute’s words. Since the courts are not allowed to interpret cases arbitrarily, numerous principles have emerged as a result of their ongoing activities. These guidelines are at times referred to as “rules of interpretation”. - [THE ROLE OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN MANAGING CYBERSECURITY RISKS: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS](https://lijdlr.com/2024/04/28/the-role-of-corporate-governance-in-managing-cybersecurity-risks-a-comprehensive-analysis/) - Cybersecurity risks have become increasingly prevalent and impactful in the modern business landscape, posing significant threats to organizations' operations, finances, and reputation. As a result, effective management of cybersecurity risks has become a critical priority for businesses across industries. This research paper explores the role of corporate governance in addressing and mitigating cybersecurity risks comprehensively. - [POLICE BRUTALITY IN INDIA: ITS IMPACT ON INDIVIDUALS AND THEIR RIGHTS](https://lijdlr.com/2024/04/28/police-brutality-in-india-its-impact-on-individuals-and-their-rights/) - Police brutality in India is a pressing issue that reflects a systemic failure within the Indian police system. This dissertation delves into the pervasive nature of police misconduct, including illegal detentions, abuse, and torture, highlighting that these practices are not isolated incidents but deeply ingrained within the system. - [CONSTITUTIONAL IMPERATIVES AND GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES: A COMPREHENSIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS, SOCIO-POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC EXPLORATION OF SAME-SEX MARRIAGE RECOGNITION IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2024/04/28/constitutional-imperatives-and-global-perspectives-a-comprehensive-legal-analysis-socio-political-and-economic-exploration-of-same-sex-marriage-recognition-in-india/) - This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the legal arguments and potential impacts surrounding the recognition of same-sex marriage in India. Grounded in constitutional provisions guaranteeing equality, non-discrimination, and the right to personal liberty, the study examines the inconsistency between current laws and constitutional mandates. - [ELECTORAL BONDS UNVEILED: A SPECTACULAR SAGA OF SHATTERED EXPECTATIONS](https://lijdlr.com/2024/04/22/electoral-bonds-unveiled-a-spectacular-saga-of-shattered-expectations/) - In the sinister world of political funding, Electoral bonds emerged as a boon. This article delves into the journey of electoral bonds, tracing their inception, implementation, and impact on the political landscape. It analyses the initial expectations set by the electoral bond scheme against the backdrop of the actual outcomes, shedding light on the discrepancies and controversies surrounding this financial instrument. The article presents a compelling narrative of how electoral bonds have deviated from their intended course, ultimately leading to a landscape of shattered expectations. - [ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND WASTE MANAGEMENT](https://lijdlr.com/2024/04/22/environmental-protection-and-waste-management/) - This paper focuses upon the issue of environmental problem and waste management. Human beings and other living organisms form part of environment and are directly or indirectly connected to each other. Environment pollution drastically effect lives on the earth. With the rapid growth of industrialisation, significant rise in environmental pollution simultaneously seen. Although, its existence is as old as human civilization but today it has become major area of concern. - [AN ANALYSIS OF CONSUMER PERCEPTION ON OTT PLATFORMS IN CHENNAI CITY](https://lijdlr.com/2024/04/22/an-analysis-of-consumer-perception-on-ott-platforms-in-chennai-city/) - This research tries to study the rise of OTT platforms during the pandemic. It is a well-established fact that OTTs have seen a boom in their market since their launch whereas these platforms have seen an upward curve even in the pandemic period. It was found that many weren’t aware of OTT platforms like Netflix, Amazon prime, Disney Hotstar etc., but became regular users after the pandemic period. - [CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRACTICES IN INDIA: A THEORETICAL ASPECT](https://lijdlr.com/2024/04/12/corporate-governance-practices-in-india-a-theoretical-aspect/) - In this article, the author endeavours to delve into the evolution of corporate governance in India post the enactment of the Companies Act of 2013. This critical legislation introduced several key provisions aimed at strengthening transparency, accountability, and fairness in corporate entities. In this article, the author discusses and highlights the importance of notable changes, including the restructuring of board compositions, the designation of Key Managerial Persons (KMPs), the revised criterion for the appointment of the company’s auditor, and the establishment of essential committees within the prescribed class of companies, such as the audit committee, stakeholder relationship committee, nomination and remuneration committee, and corporate social responsibility committee while highlighting its impact on corporate governance. - [DEEPFAKE TECHNOLOGY AND LEGAL ISSUES](https://lijdlr.com/2024/04/12/deepfake-technology-and-legal-issues/) - The advent of social media has united the entire world into one enormous country. We have access to news from all around the world because of the internet. A few years ago, a unique approach that made it simple to edit photos and films emerged, providing incredible technology that entertained people. This method, which was first employed by people to amuse or play practical jokes on others, swiftly evolved into one of the riskiest things available on the internet right now. The deep-learning technology used in deep fakes has turned the internet into a trap. This study paper aims to comprehend the effects that deep fakes have on society, talk about the laws that prohibit these kinds of actions, and raise awareness about the sharing of these kinds of contents. As English clergyman Thomas Fuller said, "Seeing is believing," yet when it comes to deep fakes, one can no longer trust what they are seeing. Deep fakes are dangerous for both society and individual privacy because of this. They are inexpensive to produce, but when used improperly, they have the power to sway public opinion, control large crowds to incite discontent in the community, and lead to invasions of privacy, to mention a couple of their problems. - [INCLUSIVE JUSTICE: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF GENDER-NEUTRAL RAPE LAWS IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2024/04/12/inclusive-justice-a-critical-analysis-of-gender-neutral-rape-laws-in-india/) - INCLUSIVE JUSTICE: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF GENDER-NEUTRAL RAPE LAWS IN INDIA Srishti Murali, BBA LL.B (Hons.), School of Law, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore Nrupalaa Kumar, B BA LL.B (Hons.), School of Law, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore Download Manuscript ABSTRACT This paper critically analyses the need for implementing a gender-neutral rape provision - [JURISDICTIONAL IMMUNITY](https://lijdlr.com/2024/04/12/jurisdictional-immunity/) - Jurisdictional immunity, a crucial concept in private international law, determines how much a state or its representatives can be held accountable by foreign tribunals. This concept is crucial in contemporary legal systems due to increased international trade, national interdependence, and cross-border conflicts. Jurisdictional immunity is a legal doctrine that exempts a state or its representatives from foreign court jurisdiction. This concept has been explored in private international law, revealing various aspects that contribute to its definition. Diplomatic immunity is essential for promoting international relations and allowing ambassadors to carry out their diplomatic duties without fear of legal repercussions. Sovereign immunity controls the immunity of governments and their representatives in various roles, including both state and diplomatic immunity. - [STATUS OF UNBORN CHILD : A JURISPRUDENTIAL ANALYSIS](https://lijdlr.com/2024/04/12/status-of-unborn-child-a-jurisprudential-analysis/) - In delving into the subject of the "Status of Unborn Child" we shall attempt to unravel the complex legal dimensions surrounding the rights and standing of unborn children in the current world, in the belief of the evolving nature of societal attitudes, medical advancements, and cultural influences that have shaped historical perspectives of the unborn. In today world, there is the presence of increasingly challenging issues in such areas as reproductive rights, medical technologies, and the rights of the unborn. In this backdrop, there is a growing need to understand the principles in jurisprudence that underlie the legal frameworks surrounding unborn children. - [SAFEGUARDING FEMALE WORKFORCE: CONCERNS LAWS PROTECTION & MEASURES](https://lijdlr.com/2024/04/02/safeguarding-female-workforce-concerns-laws-protection-measures/) - Maintaining fundamental human rights and guaranteeing gender equality requires protecting women who work in the workforce. An overview of the issues, regulations, and safeguards relating to women working from the standpoint of labour law is given in this abstract. The main issues that female employees deal with are workplace harassment, unequal compensation, gender-based discrimination, and occupational dangers. Labour laws, which forbid discrimination, guarantee equal compensation for equal work, and set up procedures for handling grievances, are essential in addressing these issues. - [EXPLORING INDIA'S CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT TO EQUALITY](https://lijdlr.com/2024/04/02/exploring-indias-constitutional-right-to-equality/) - The Indian Constitution's protection of the right to equality has played a crucial and revolutionary role in establishing the country's legal and socioeconomic framework. The article examines the emergence and development of the right to equality throughout history. It explores the complex web of case law that has provided this right meaning and application, revealing the intricacies of judicial interpretation over time. The emerging notion of reservation, which is a key component of the right to equality, is also examined in the article. It examines how definitions and policies have evolved as well as how they have interacted with the constitutional mandate. - [A STUDY ON CONSUMER AWARENESS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO GOA](https://lijdlr.com/2024/04/02/a-study-on-consumer-awareness-with-special-reference-to-goa/) - From the Barter system where needs were met through the exchange of goods without the involvement of money in the 18th century to the present era of digital currency a major revolution has taken place in the exchange of goods and services and here consumer plays a pivotal role in generating effective demand which helps in the upliftment of an economy of a country. The concept of consumer protection is not of new one, it has evolved and developed at a tremendous pace bringing into account new rights and areas in the consumer law arena. - [CYBERSECURITY AND DIGITAL FORENSICS: LEGAL ASPECTS OF INVESTIGATING CYBERCRIMES](https://lijdlr.com/2024/04/02/cybersecurity-and-digital-forensics-legal-aspects-of-investigating-cybercrimes/) - The rapid development of cyberspace has resulted in an increase in cybercrimes, posing substantial obstacles for global legal systems and law enforcement agencies. With a focus on cybersecurity and digital forensics, this research paper examines the legal aspects of cybercrime investigation. It looks at jurisdictional concerns, legislative obstacles, international cooperation, and the current legal framework pertaining to cybercrimes. The paper also explores digital forensics, which includes the gathering, storing, and admissibility of electronic evidence in court, along with the integrity of that evidence. - [COMPULSORY LICENCING AND ACCESS TO MEDICINE](https://lijdlr.com/2024/04/02/compulsory-licencing-and-access-to-medicine/) - At the time of the global pandemic, nations around the globe understood that a nation's true development is based on how well its healthcare sector performs or how well the distribution of access to medicine takes place. Big pharma companies produce patented, good-quality drugs, but the accessibility of these drugs is very limited, especially in the developing and least developing countries. Due to the patentability of medicines, the drug manufacturers will have an exclusive right over the product. Therefore, the cost of medicine in LDC(least developed countries) and DC(Developing countries) is too high. - [PATENTING OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS: A GLOBAL EXPLORATION OF LEGAL AND ETHICAL PERSPECTIVES](https://lijdlr.com/2024/04/02/patenting-of-genetically-modified-crops-a-global-exploration-of-legal-and-ethical-perspectives/) - Genetically modified crops have become a ground-breaking technique in the field of agricultural innovation, offering potential solutions to an array of problems concerning food security, sustainability, and increased agricultural output. Within this dynamic landscape, the patenting of genetically modified crops is a pivotal issue in the intersection of biotechnology, agriculture, and intellectual property, raising significant legal, ethical, and environmental questions. - [ROLE AND IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN JUDICIARY](https://lijdlr.com/2024/03/26/role-and-impact-of-artificial-intelligence-in-judiciary/) - Technology has completely changed human working. In today’s time we are more or less dependent on technological developments. “Artificial Intelligence”, the most commonly used term in past 3 years does not need a long-lectured description. Since the time a pandemic has hit the world hard, the use of technology in almost all its form have evolved round the corner. At that time, the most flourishing field of technological advancement which impacted the world in its fullest was the field of Artificial Intelligence. When we talk about Legal System of across the world, the concept of AI in it has rapidly increased. Many countries in the current time have adopted AI to facilitate their Judicial System. If we throw light on the impact of technology in different spheres, we would get a very overwhelming picture of how advantageous technology is, whether it’s in Primary, Tertiary, or Secondary Sector of any nation. However, when we discuss about the role and impact of Artificial Intelligence in Judiciary, it is perhaps difficult to choose whether AI is acting as boon or bane in this complex system of Justice giving field. It also becomes difficult to predict how long will AI sustain in Judiciary and how well it will expand itself in the coming times. In this article we’ll primarily analyse how our Judicial system has adopted Artificial Intelligence and what are its positive and negative impacts on it. - [CONCEPT OF COMPASSIONATE APPOINTMENT](https://lijdlr.com/2024/03/26/concept-of-compassionate-appointment/) - Every sector is governed under some law prevailing in our country and employees who are employed under those sectors are also bound to work within the boundaries of those laws. Being employed at some place doesn’t mean to break the boundaries and stepped out from that without complying the particular procedures established by law. There are certain policies which are formulated by the government of different states to keep the employer-employee relationship healthy and welfare of the employee after their death. Most of the posts are constituted to do some particular work and here comes the eligibility of individuals, employers who are working under different sectors either government, semi-government or private sector has some rights including liabilities and duties towards their service. Employer is also bound to maintain the status of his employee either mentally or financially even if some unfortunate circumstances happen. Considering all these issues, the government has formulated certain policies regarding the services of the employees which include compassionate appointment. - [TECHNOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS IN COMBATING SOCIETAL DRUG ABUSE](https://lijdlr.com/2024/03/26/technological-interventions-in-combating-societal-drug-abuse/) - Drug dependency is a worldwide problem that affects one person along with his kinsmen and neighbors. This essay will examine the complex relationship between drugs and technology and assert that technology can be a puzzle in all of this, as both cause and solution at once. The issue of drug abuse is very alarming across the globe with millions affected every year. India has been grappling with opioid crisis particularly high death rates due to overdose. Among youth also substance use is going up. - [CHALLENGING DIMENSION FOR SEX WORKERS AND THEIR CHILDREN](https://lijdlr.com/2024/03/26/challenging-dimension-for-sex-workers-and-their-children/) - In India sex work existed in our society since ancient times. Earlier when kings used to rule, there was concept of Nagar Vadhu, which meant bride of the city. The most beautiful and talented woman in various dance forms used to get the title. Her position was respected but she was within the reach of rich ones only. During the Mughal era, there were Tawaifs. They were basically the talented women in arts who also escorting the Royals. and There were Devadasi who used to dedicate their life in worship and service of deity and temple. But during British era, they lost their significance and got associated with so called sacred prostitution. There are inscriptions, discoveries, texts as well as believes which clearly shows the existence of prostitution in throughout different parts of the world since ancient times. Even after seventy-five years of independence, this social evil still persists in our society. There are legislations, legal framework and the Hon’ble Court judgments in order to protect the rights and interests of victims of this evil, still the ground level reality is horrifying. Women and children are the victims of prostitution. No one gets into this pit on their own, but it is such swamp that it doesn’t let the victims come out. Over years sex wok has become profession. Victims of this evil don’t have resources to sustain themselves and sex work is the easiest way out. The objective of this article is to analyse the various challenges faced by such victims. - [ANTHOLOGY FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES UNDER COPYRIGHT](https://lijdlr.com/2024/03/14/anthology-for-educational-purposes-under-copyright/) - In the course of the years, rapidly emerging technology have influenced the academic environment in many ways. Access to a variety of information is now simple. - [REVENGE PORNOGRAPHY – SOCIO-LEGAL IMPACT](https://lijdlr.com/2024/01/24/revenge-pornography-socio-legal-impact/) - The development of the internet in the 21st century has ushered in the era of digitalization because social media has been so beneficial for individuals and businesses. Also, this has exposed the negative aspects of the internet. Digital technologies are now widely used in both daily living and daily crimes. Cybercrimes are criminal offences that take place in the realm of digital technologies and cyberspace. One such offence is known as “revenge pornography[1],” which refers to the publication and dissemination of photos with other people’s sexual material without their agreement on various public venues, digital channels, and websites. Modern television and video technologies have produced pornographic programmes and channels. These offenders make bad use of technologically based inventions and software to facilitate domestic violence, dating abuse, cyberstalking, and child sexual exploitation. It is disrespectful because the internet has created prospects for technological and virtual closeness. These sexual subgenres and sexual media on internet platforms have multiplied in unprecedented ways. - [CONTOURS OF DIGNITY: EXAMINING SEX WORK IN INDIA AND BEYOND](https://lijdlr.com/2024/01/24/contours-of-dignity-examining-sex-work-in-india-and-beyond/) - The public use of terms like “Veshya,” “Randi,” and “Fahesha” can evoke intense emotions, especially when associated with one’s family, contributing to a prevalent societal disdain towards sex workers in India. Despite the historical roots of sex work in economic necessity, the lives of sex workers are marked by shame and societal hatred. Our article delves into the moral intricacies of prostitution, assessing the theoretical constitutional rights of sex workers through a critical analysis of the Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act of 1956 in Indian legislation. We explore the complexities of prostitution, evaluate the constitutional rights of sex workers, and extend our analysis to compare countries where prostitution is legal, discussing the potential benefits of legalization in India. As contributors, we actively examine the positive transformations that could arise from officially recognizing prostitution in India as a labour right, scrutinizing measures by the Indian apex court. Addressing pivotal judgments on sex work, the article tries to examine the employment rights of sex workers, emphasizing the necessity to empower and protect this marginalized group. The paper contributes to a nuanced understanding of the challenges faced by sex workers, advocating for their rights in both legal and societal realms. While underscoring the resistance of societal perspectives to change, we advocate for acknowledging fundamental human rights for sex workers, providing a meaningful perspective in the ongoing discourse on this critical societal issue. The paper, in its entirety, supports the provision of labour rights for sex workers in India and emphasizes the respect due to them. - [GENDER BASED VIOLENCE IN CYBERSPACE: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2024/01/24/gender-based-violence-in-cyberspace-a-critical-analysis-of-legal-framework-in-india/) - Gender Based violence (GBV) in cyberspace is a growing global concern and India is no exception to it. This paper explores the Indian legal framework for addressing this issue, based on data from an online survey conducted with cyber users. The paper starts by understanding the concept of GBV in cyberspace and its types including cyber stalking, online harassment and morphing. The important Indian cases related to the issue, stressing the difficulties victims face in getting justice are discussed. Furthermore, the research analyses the measures implemented by the Indian government to tackle GBV in cyberspace. The paper contains findings from an online survey conducted, which highlights how ubiquitous GBV in cyberspace has become. The participants shared their perceptions, awareness and personal experiences, showing their concern on increasing number of instances of GBV in cyberspace. Further, the finding acknowledges that GBV affects individuals of all genders and not just females. These findings bring out the urgent need for addressing and preventing GBV in India, including more awareness, education, and stronger legislative measures. The paper identifies gaps in the existing legal system and concludes by proposing suggestions for bridging the gaps. It advocates for comprehensive legislation to address GBV, drawing attention to raise awareness and establish support mechanisms for victims, promoting access to justice. - [SUPREME COURT’S FINAL VERDICT ON ARTICLE 370: CURRENT SCENARIO AND HISTORY](https://lijdlr.com/2024/01/24/supreme-courts-final-verdict-on-article-370-current-scenario-and-history/) - The abrogation of Article 370 from the then state of Jammu & Kashmir has brought many dissenting opinions from people which have led the matter to the Supreme.. - [MISMANAGEMENT OF DIGITAL DEAD BODY: EXPLORATION OF LEGAL ISSUES TO ADDRESS ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION AND HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATION](https://lijdlr.com/2024/01/24/mismanagement-of-digital-dead-body-exploration-of-legal-issues-to-address-economic-exploitation-and-human-rights-violation/) - Recent controversies concerning the digital remnants of the deceased and the ongoing debate for symbolic immortality that modern technology pose has already.... - [NAVIGATING THE PERSONAL DATA CONTOURS UNDER THE DIGITAL PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION ACT 2023](https://lijdlr.com/2024/01/24/navigating-the-personal-data-contours-under-the-digital-personal-data-protection-act-2023/) - The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, is a pivotal legislation in India’s digital governance landscape, aiming to address the growing need for robust data protection laws in the digital era. It defines and regulates personal data, introducing key entities like Data Fiduciary and Significant Data Fiduciary, along with strict obligations and penalties for non-compliance. However, the Act’s impact is not without challenges, particularly in its potential conflicts with the Right to Information Act, 2005. Amendments to the RTI Act’s Section 8(1)(j), expanding non-disclosure of personal data-related information, raise questions about the balance between data protection and the fundamental right to information. The role of the Data Protection Board emerges as crucial, tasked with providing clarity and guidance on the Act’s implementation. This article underscores the importance of striking a balance between data protection and the right to information, calling for nuanced approaches that safeguard privacy while ensuring transparency and accountability. It examines the Act’s provisions and highlights challenges, emphasizing the vital role of the Data Protection Board in providing much-needed clarity. The analysis stresses the need for clear guidelines and robust regulatory oversight to ensure the Act’s effective implementation. While the DPDP Act 2023 is a significant stride in data governance, the importance of well-defined guidelines becomes evident as India adapts to the intricacies of the digital age. - [GENDER NEUTRALITY WITHIN THE DIMENSIONS OF RAPE IN THE INDIAN LEGAL SYSTEM](https://lijdlr.com/2024/01/24/gender-neutrality-within-the-dimensions-of-rape-in-the-indian-legal-system/) - Rape is the fourth most common crime committed by people in India. It is often considered that rape is committed by male towards the female and therefore it.... - [MENSTRUAL LEAVES: A NEW APPROACH TOWARDS FEMALE HEALTH ISSUES](https://lijdlr.com/2024/02/18/menstrual-leaves-a-new-approach-towards-female-health-issues/) - Menstrual cycle is the very unique characteristic of women which is a sign of the capability to give birth to new life. But this also brings various health issues with it. So many women need special care and attention for their health. But for working women it becomes difficult because she has to take leave if she needs to take rest. And if she is running short of leaves then she has to do work even in such poor health conditions. For this a new debate in going nowadays that a woman should be given leaves during her menses. The law, politicians and common man are divided on this issue. Some politicians are against it and some are in favor of this issue. Men are also divided as some think that it is not an important topic to be discussed in public and some are standing strongly in support of allowing such relaxations to females. In India the law on this subject is not uniform. As in many states, the state governments have been giving such leaves as medical leave. But there are many state governments which are silent on this matter. And in the policies of the union government this subject has been raised many times, but no result came. In the laws of various countries of the world menstrual leaves have been a part of the system as society has also accepted such provisions in support of females. Such views should also be accepted in Indian society and equality sometimes needs to be done with the help of positive discrimination. Positive discrimination is required on this subject matter as the nature has made men and women different regarding their reproductive capabilities and for this some things should be decided on the basis of this difference created by mother nature. This study deals with various perspectives regarding menstrual leaves which have been discussed here. - [EFFECTIVENESS OF LAWS ON DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN INDIA: A CRITICAL APPRAISAL WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE POSITION IN BIHAR](https://lijdlr.com/2024/02/18/menstrual-leaves-a-new-approach-towards-female-health-issues-copy/) - Domestic violence, a pervasive social issue, necessitates robust legal frameworks to protect victims and ensure justice. India has made significant strides in this regard, notably with the enactment of the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act (PWDVA) in 2005. However, the implementation and efficacy of these laws remain subjects of scrutiny. The analysis begins by exploring the legislative landscape at the national level, emphasizing the PWDVA’s comprehensive approach to addressing various forms of domestic abuse. Despite legislative advancements, challenges persist in translating legal provisions into tangible protection for victims. Factors such as socio-cultural norms, inadequate awareness, and institutional barriers contribute to the gap between law and effective implementation. Turning attention to Bihar, the study assesses the state’s specific initiatives and challenges in combatting domestic violence. Bihar, like many other regions in India, grapples with deep-rooted patriarchal structures and socio-economic disparities that impact the enforcement of anti-domestic violence laws. The critical appraisal delves into the adequacy of support mechanisms, including shelters and counseling services, available to victims in Bihar. Furthermore, the research scrutinizes law enforcement agencies’ responsiveness, the functioning of protection officers, and the role of the judiciary in delivering timely justice. The paper sheds light on the challenges within the legal system itself. - [DEPTH OF DIPLOMACY: DEALING WITH THE DIPLOMATS​](https://lijdlr.com/2024/02/18/effectiveness-of-laws-on-domestic-violence-in-india-a-critical-appraisal-with-special-reference-to-the-position-in-bihar-copy/) - Diplomats are those who lend their hand forward towards the other nation, settle in the hosting state and act as a representative of sending nation’s head of state for diplomatic relations they are serving as an intermediary between two nations, but all this is possible because of Vienna Convention of 1961 on Diplomatic Relation’s provided immunities. These immunities are based on various theories that are endorsed in different contexts by multiple individuals. But are they just using those powers to enjoy themselves fearlessly? They can kill anyone but cannot be convicted because of the shield exists in the form of diplomatic immunities, but everything has its own flaws that could lead to its demise as nothing is absolute same is the case with power. However, in the absence of diplomats, who will be in charge of establishing cordial diplomatic ties? Nevertheless, because it deals with diplomats, diplomacy is a big fuss in international law. The study’s conclusion demonstrates that diplomats are a crucial component of any country’s successful diplomatic relations, and these immunities are also vital. - [EXPLORING LEGAL REMEDIES: URGENCY FOR A HOLISTIC FRAMEWORK TO PROTECT AND COMPENSATE VICTIMS OF DOG BITES IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2024/02/18/exploring-legal-remedies-urgency-for-a-holistic-framework-to-protect-and-compensate-victims-of-dog-bites-in-india/) - In this paper, the author has analyzed the application of common law strict liability principle in India through case laws. After that, the author has discussed the various remedies available to the victims of dog bites. The author advocates for more victim friendly laws in case of dog bites, specifically in the case of stray dogs. In 2016, the supreme court had appointed a committee headed by Justice Sri Jagan to examine the compensation claims of victims of stray dog attacks in Kerala. The author proposes that a similar compensation scheme needs to be implemented in the whole country. The paper also examines the conflict between the fundamental rights of humans and the rights granted to animals under the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1960. A few provisions from the Animal Birth Control Rules 2023 recently notified by the Central government have been incorporated in the work. - [CULTURE OF PEACE AND COLLECTIVE VIOLENCE](https://lijdlr.com/2024/02/18/culture-of-peace-and-collective-violence/) - This paper highlights the existence of collective violence in our society and provides input upon fostering culture of peace for resolving the conflicts. It is common mentality of people and the society that the shortest and easiest solutions to any issue can be by way of violence. This mental framework of people have given rise to various wars which have been fought throughout the world. In the Indian society itself, there is mentioning of Mahabharata which was fought between Kauravas and Pandhyas who were related by blood. The war could have been avoided had the circumstances been otherwise. History has witnessed World War I, World War II. For the first time during the second world war, nuclear bombs commonly known as atom bombs were used. It destructed and affected humanity in a way which has it trace even after decades of the incident. The present ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine which started in February 2022, in October 2023 conflict started between Israel and Palestine. Thousands of people have lost their life due to the ongoing situations around the world. The victims of such violence are always the common innocent people. People lose their loved one, become homeless, get injured, die due to the war started by rich people of the society. Violence is never the solution to any problem or issue, rather it makes the situation worse. It brings such harm and loss to mankind and society at large which is irreversible. It negatively impacts the society. This is not an era of war. Peace can solve the most complex situation without bringing any harm to anyone. Culture of peace must be adopted in larger interest of the mankind. - [A LEGAL AND HISTORICAL STUDY ON EMERGENCY PROVISION IN INDIA (1935 TO PRESENT)](https://lijdlr.com/2024/02/18/a-legal-and-historical-study-on-emergency-provision-in-india-1935-to-present/) - The country which forgets the history that needs no evil to destroy itself, because forgetting one’s own history is sufficient to destroy it, said Swamy Vivekananda. A country should focus on the historical evolutionary part, while making a decision, which would provide appropriate guidance to resolve the current challenges. In the Indian constitution Articles 352 to Article 360 deal with the emergency provisions to tackle the extraordinary situations. Emergency provisions have an evolutionary history from the Government of India Act of 1935 to the present day. This evolution contains very interesting amendments, the 42nd and 44th Constitution amendments. This work focuses on the legal and historical evolutionary part of Indian emergency provisions. - [NAVIGATING DIGITAL DEFAMATION: INSIGHTS INTO INDIAN LAWS, ISP’S LIABILITY, AND PUBLISHER'S RESPONSIBILITY](https://lijdlr.com/2024/02/18/navigating-digital-defamation-insights-into-indian-laws-isps-liability-and-publishers-responsibility/) - The global population surge accompanies technological advancements, notably the rise of social media since the early 2000s. Social medias now plays a crucial role in daily life, offering secure and rapid communication and expression opportunities. However, this double-edged sword introduces both positive and negative aspects. While facilitating connectivity, increased social media use also leads to various crimes, notably defamation. This study focuses on defamation as a prevalent cybercrime, examining its occurrence on social media platforms and the broader internet. The publication of derogatory content online makes cyberspace a susceptible domain for such acts, highlighting the complex interplay between technology and legal challenges. - [EPITOME OF SOCIAL MEDIA AND CYBER CRIME – SOCIO LEGAL PERSPECTIVE](https://lijdlr.com/2024/02/18/epitome-of-social-media-and-cyber-crime-socio-legal-perspective/) - The world’s use of social media is expanding gradually. To connect with one another, people of all ages and genders are opening accounts on online social networks. Some people have followers ranging from dozens to thousands distributed over several profiles. With the use of social media, individuals may connect, interact, and share content with others all over the world. But there are also a lot of false profiles out there. False accounts frequently spam reputable people by uploading offensive or unlawful stuff. Moreover, false accounts are made to harass a known individual by falsely portraying them. The enormous development in the usage of social media and networking sites has made it easier for cybercriminals to carry out unlawful operations. Social media is like honey to a wasp when it comes to cybercrime. Scammers view social media users as a captive, gullible audience that may be convinced to partake in actions they might typically be more skeptical about. Together with the ability to exchange ideas and pictures, social media has effectively developed a platform for cybercrime. Online threats, stalking, and cyberbullying are frequent crimes perpetrated on or as a result of social media. Cybercrimes may be decreased, however, by adopting precautions like using antivirus software, closing browser windows, and not pursuing strangers you find online. The paper examines how social media affects young people as well as the factors contributing to the rise in cybercrime on social media. The Research paper lays emphasis on typical types of cybercrimes committed through social media and looks at how the law may be used to spot such crimes and stop them before they happen. The Research paper also makes some recommendations on how to raise awareness of cybercrime’s effects effectively and holistically among the nation’s young.( Cyber Crime - [THE IGNORED FRONTIER: EXPLORING WOMEN'S RIGHTS IN ABORTION AND FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2024/02/18/the-ignored-frontier-exploring-womens-rights-in-abortion-and-female-genital-mutilation-in-india/) - This article presents a nuanced view of the evolution of reproductive rights in India, with a specific focus on the legal landscapes surrounding abortion and t - [IMPACT ON LAND REFORM LAWS AFTER THE INTRODUCTION OF BASIC STRUCTURE DOCTRINE](https://lijdlr.com/2024/02/18/impact-on-land-reform-laws-after-the-introduction-of-basic-structure-doctrine/) - We had Article 31 and 19(1)(g) before the 44th Amendment, which gave the fundamental right to property. This was later on removed by the aforesaid Amendment.... - [LOST YET PRESENT: THE RISE AND FALL OF A BREAKTHROUGH - RELEVANCE OF RYLANDS V. FLETCHER IN THE CONTEMPORARY EPOCH](https://lijdlr.com/2024/02/18/lost-yet-present-the-rise-and-fall-of-a-breakthrough-relevance-of-rylands-v-fletcher-in-the-contemporary-epoch/) - The landmark case – Rylands v. Fletcher marks the fons et origo of one of the most critical aspects of the Law of Torts – Strict Liability, making it a milesto. - [UNDERSTANDING THE MULTIFACETED WEB OF FORCED MIGRATION IN INTERSTATE CONFLICTS](https://lijdlr.com/2024/03/14/understanding-the-multifaceted-web-of-forced-migration-in-interstate-conflicts/) - Forced migration resulting from interstate conflicts presents a myriad of intricate challenges that reverberate throughout individuals, communities, and entire. - [DARK WEB : UNVEILING THE PATHWAYS TO CRIMINALITY IN THE CYBER UNDERGROUND](https://lijdlr.com/2024/03/14/dark-web-unveiling-the-pathways-to-criminality-in-the-cyber-underground/) - This research paper delves into the intricacies of the Dark Web and its impact on internet users, focusing on privacy, security, and the perpetration of cyberc. - [HINDUISM UNPREJUDICED STAKE ON THE THIRD GENDER](https://lijdlr.com/2024/03/14/hinduism-unprejudiced-stake-on-the-third-gender/) - The approval of homosexuality as a gender through the lens of Hinduism is often a debated issue, Hindus claim that Hinduism condemns homosexuality, and it is.. - [UNRAVELING THE IMPACT OF DEEPFAKES ON INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT THROUGH THE LENS OF INFORMATION WARFARE: AN ANALYSIS](https://lijdlr.com/2024/03/14/unraveling-the-impact-of-deepfakes-on-international-conflict-through-the-lens-of-information-warfare-an-analysis/) - The emergence of deepfake technology in modern international context poses unprecedented threats to conventional frameworks for truth and originality. This leg. - [THE COERCIVE POWER OF THE STATE AND ITS RELEVANCE IN MODERN DEMOCRACY](https://lijdlr.com/2024/03/14/the-coercive-power-of-the-state-and-its-relevance-in-modern-democracy/) - The interplay between the coercive power of the state and the principle of democracy presents a nuanced and complex dynamic, particularly in the context of mod. - [THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY](https://lijdlr.com/2024/03/14/the-impact-of-artificial-intelligence-on-intellectual-property/) - The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has created a tremendous impact on today’s world. From AI assisted tools to current trend of AI generated inven. - [TARGETED IDENTITIES: THE COMPLEXITIES OF RACIAL PROFILING](https://lijdlr.com/2024/03/14/targeted-identities-the-complexities-of-racial-profiling/) - Racial Profiling refers to the discriminatory practice by law enforcement officials of targeting individuals for suspicion of crime based on the individual ra.. - [INFRINGEMENT OF COPYRIGHT IN INDIA: A CRITICAL STUDY OF THE DOCTRINE OF FAIR USE AND IMPERATIVE NEED FOR REFORM](https://lijdlr.com/2024/03/14/infringement-of-copyright-in-india-a-critical-study-of-the-doctrine-of-fair-use-and-imperative-need-for-reform/) - The creativity done by. human intelligence in producing the incorporeal and intangible property can be called as an intellectual property. Copyright is one amon - [ATROCITIES AGAINST SCHEDULE TRIBES IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2024/03/14/atrocities-against-schedule-tribes-in-india/) - This abstract explores the widespread problem of crimes committed against Scheduled Tribes (STs) in India, illuminating the many difficulties that this margina. - [EVIDENTIARY VALUE OF FIREARM](https://lijdlr.com/2024/03/14/evidentiary-value-of-firearm/) - Firearms are integral to criminal investigations globally as ballistic analysis, residue tests and gun registration provide vital evidence. Forensic firearms... - [COLLECTIVE VIOLENCE IN INDIA: FACTORS LEADING TO ITS ESCALATION](https://lijdlr.com/2024/03/14/collective-violence-in-india-factors-leading-to-its-escalation/) - This research paper aims to investigate the factors causing escalation or de-escalation of collective violence in India. Collective violence as the coordinated. - [UNDERSTANDING THE INDIAN COLLEGIUM SYSTEM: A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW](https://lijdlr.com/2024/03/14/understanding-the-indian-collegium-system-a-comprehensive-overview/) - The entire approach followed for appointing and transferring of judges in the Supreme and High Court has been questioned for its transparency and answerabilit.. - [Wildlife: A Double Edge Sword](https://lijdlr.com/2023/12/07/wildlife-a-double-edge-sword/) - India's Wildlife Protection Act (WLPA) walks a tightrope. While championing endangered species, it allows culling if they threaten not just human lives, but a.. - [EQUALITY: EXPLORING TRANSFORMING LAW AND WOMEN’S RIGHTS](https://lijdlr.com/2023/11/22/equality-exploring-transforming-law-and-womens-rights/) - Equality is one of the fundamental rights that everyone requires to survive in a society, it is that principle that every individual craves to achieve, it is... - [THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON THE LAW](https://lijdlr.com/2023/11/24/the-impact-of-technology-on-the-law/) - The article focuses on how technology has fundamentally changed the practice of law, from legal education to actual practice. While enhancing legal services.... - [ANTITRUST AND AMBITIONS: MICROSOFT'S ACTIVISION MERGER](https://lijdlr.com/2023/11/24/antitrust-and-ambitions-microsofts-activision-merger/) - Microsoft's colossal $68.7 billion acquisition of gaming giant Activision Blizzard in 2022 is poised to redefine the gaming industry. This analysis explores t.. - [EXAMINING THE AGE OF CONSENT: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE POCSO ACT](https://lijdlr.com/2023/11/24/examining-the-age-of-consent-a-critical-analysis-of-the-pocso-act/) - In 2012, India introduced the 'Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act,' a pivotal legal instrument aimed at combating child sexual abuse and... - [CYBERBULLYING AND HATE SPEECH ON SOCIAL MEDIA: EVALUATING LEGAL REMEDIES FOR VICTIMS IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2023/11/24/cyberbullying-and-hate-speech-on-social-media-evaluating-legal-remedies-for-victims-in-india/) - Cyberbullying and online hate speech are pervasive issues affecting millions of internet users, especially young people. This research examines the legal fra... - [THE COLLEGIUM VS NJAC DEBATE: ANALYZING INDIA'S JUDICIAL APPOINTMENT SYSTEMS](https://lijdlr.com/2023/11/11/the-collegium-vs-njac-debate-analyzing-indias-judicial-appointment-systems/) - The Collegium Vs NJAC Debate: Analyzing India's Judicial Appointment Systems. The conflict over judicial appointments in India is a longstanding issue. The or.. - [ROLE OF INDEPENDENT DIRECTOR IN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE](https://lijdlr.com/2023/11/11/role-of-independent-director-in-corporate-governance/) - This article aimed to identify the different concepts of IDs in corporate governance. The term "corporate governance" refers to the structure for managing and.. - [Water Rights And Climate Change: An Analysis Of Transboundary Water Conflicts Amidst Environmental Challenges In The Indus Region With Specific Reference To The Indus Waters Treaty Of 1960](https://lijdlr.com/2023/11/11/water-rights-and-climate-change-an-analysis-of-transboundary-water-conflicts-amidst-environmental-challenges-in-the-indus-region-with-specific-reference-to-the-indus-waters-treaty-of-1960/) - An Analysis Of Transboundary Water Conflicts Amidst Environmental Challenges In The Indus Region With Specific Reference To The Indus Waters Treaty Of 1960.... - [Alternative Dispute Resolution Mechanism In India: Limitations And Recommendations](https://lijdlr.com/2023/11/11/alternative-dispute-resolution-mechanism-in-india-limitations-and-recommendations/) - Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanisms have gained significant importance in India as an alternative to traditional litigation methods for resolving... - [Parallel Paths: Analysing The Overlapping Jurisdiction Of Cci And Sectoral Regulators In India](https://lijdlr.com/2023/10/25/parallel-paths-analysing-the-overlapping-jurisdiction-of-cci-and-sectoral-regulators-in-india/) - In India, the coexistence of competition regulation through the Competition Commission of India (CCI) and sector-specific regulation by various sectoral regul.. - [CONTEMPORARY CONSTITUTIONAL CHALLENGES IN INDIA : AN ANALYSIS OF KEY ISSUES](https://lijdlr.com/2023/10/24/contemporary-constitutional-challenges-in-india-an-analysis-of-key-issues/) - Indian constitutional law combines ancient legal doctrines with innovative administrative practices. In recent years, India has faced significant contemporary.. - [ADMINISTRATION OF A NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATION](https://lijdlr.com/2023/10/14/administration-of-a-non-governmental-organisation/) - A Non-governmental organisation is a voluntary association of people who engage in some social works. The Ngo’s do not concentrate on the profits. The Ngo’s are - [UNIFORM CIVIL CODE ( UCC ) :- APPLICATION & IMPLEMENTATION](https://lijdlr.com/2023/10/09/uniform-civil-code-ucc-application-implementation/) - The concept of having a uniform or common set of civil rules for all citizens of a country, regardless of their religious beliefs or personal habits, is emphas. - [TOWARDS INCLUSIVITY: EXPLORING THE ADDITION OF SAME-SEX MARRIAGE TO THE SPECIAL MARRIAGES ACT](https://lijdlr.com/2023/10/09/towards-inclusivity-exploring-the-addition-of-same-sex-marriage-to-the-special-marriages-act/) - In recent years, India has made progress in LGBTQIA+ rights, notably by legalizing consensual same-sex relationships in 2018 through the Navtej Singh Johar v... - [ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS IN INDIA: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS​](https://lijdlr.com/2023/10/09/environmental-laws-in-india-a-comprehensive-analysis/) - Environmental degradation is a global concern and India as one of the most populous nations with rapid industrialization and urbanization faces significant env.. - [IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON LABOR RIGHTS AND JOB DISPLACEMENT](https://lijdlr.com/2023/09/17/impact-of-artificial-intelligence-on-labor-rights-and-job-displacement/) - The infusion of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into labor dynamics has brought about transformative shifts, spurring discussions on labor rights, the future of w. - [A FOCUS ON MINIMIZING POTENTIAL RISKS BY PROCEEDING UNDER A BILATERAL OR MULTILATERAL TREATY INSTEAD OF A CONTRACT](https://lijdlr.com/2023/09/26/a-focus-on-minimizing-potential-risks-by-proceeding-under-a-bilateral-or-multilateral-treaty-instead-of-a-contract/) - The paper discusses the advantages of utilizing bilateral or multilateral treaties instead of contracts in international business. It specifically focuses on t. - [FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES: RIGHTS, RESTRICTIONS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS](https://lijdlr.com/2023/09/09/freedom-of-speech-and-social-networking-sites-rights-restrictions-and-future-prospects/) - There are several valid differences of opinion about social media and how it affects society. The growth of gruesome content, from child abuse to revenge porn - [INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY THEFT- A NATIONAL SECURITY ISSUE](https://lijdlr.com/2023/09/10/intellectual-property-theft-a-national-security-issue/) - If you take or use someone else's ideas without their permission, you are committing intellectual theft. Any original work of authorship, any novel technique of - [HARMONIZING DIVERSITY: THE QUEST FOR A UNIFORM CIVIL CODE](https://lijdlr.com/2023/09/09/harmonizing-diversity-the-quest-for-a-uniform-civil-code/) - India is often described as a land of unity in diversity, where people of different religions, cultures, languages, and ethnicities live together in harmony. - [LEGALITY OF EUTHANASIA IN INDIA: RIGHT TO DIE WITH DIGNITY](https://lijdlr.com/2023/09/09/legality-of-euthanasia-in-india-right-to-die-with-dignity/) - Anyone who has ever been born will eventually pass away because death is an inevitability. One of the moral issues that has received the most attention, recen.. - [VICTIMS PLIGHT: NEED FOR GROWTH OF VICTIMOLOGY IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2023/09/04/victims-plight-need-for-growth-of-victimology-in-india/) - The paper deals with the concept of victimology and discusses it in detail with the help of decided case laws both in abroad and in India. Victimology means - [ANALYSIS ON MECHANISM OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCES IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2023/09/09/analysis-on-mechanism-of-corporate-governances-in-india/) - The purpose of this article is to look at the situation of corporate governance (CG) it measures corporate performance and the role of management. It plays a - [A STROLL THROUGH THE STATE OF DIGITAL PRIVACY IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2023/08/26/a-stroll-through-the-state-of-digital-privacy-in-india/) - A STROLL THROUGH THE STATE OF DIGITAL PRIVACY IN INDIA Kritik. Kumar Jain, 4th YEAR STUDENT OF BBA.LLB(Hons.) At LAW COLLEGE DEHRADUN, UTTARANCHAL UNIVERSITY. Tushar Ahuja, 4th YEAR STUDENT OF BBA.LLB(Hons.) At LAW COLLEGE DEHRADUN, UTTARANCHAL UNIVERSITY. Download Manuscript ABSTRACT Since the onset of the internet age, an infamous Data Entrepreneur, Clive Humby, proclaimed that - [UNRAVELLING THE EMERGENCE OF RIGHT TO BE FORGOTTEN IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2023/08/05/unravelling-the-emergence-of-right-to-be-forgotten-in-india/) - LIJDLR - The right to be forgotten is a concept that has emerged as a consequence of the befitting challenges posed by the perpetual availability of personal... - [DOMESTIC VIOLENCE: THE GAP BETWEEN STATISTICS AND REALITY](https://lijdlr.com/2023/08/05/domestic-violence-the-gap-between-statistics-and-reality/) - LIJDLR - Domestic violence, also known as intimate partner violence, continues to be a major problem in the world, having a negative impact on victims physical. - [THE STATE OF JHARKHAND V. SHAILENDRA KUMAR RAI @ PANDAV RAI, [2022 SCC OnLine SC 1494]](https://lijdlr.com/2023/08/05/the-state-of-jharkhand-v-shailendra-kumar-rai-pandav-rai-2022-scc-online-sc-1494/) - This case relates to two most heinous crimes, the first is rape and the other is murder. The victim in this case was raped and burnt by pouring kerosene on her. - [EVALUATING THE BEST EVIDENCE RULE: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF ITS APPLICATION IN THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM](https://lijdlr.com/2023/08/05/evaluating-the-best-evidence-rule-a-comprehensive-analysis-of-its-application-in-the-judicial-system/) - The obstacles faced by manual document copying throughout the 16th century gave rise to the best evidence rule, a fundamental rule in legal procedures. The Best - [ANALYSING THE NOTION OF CYBER CRIMES: A LOOMING THREAT TO THE INDIAN E-BANKING SECTOR](https://lijdlr.com/2023/08/04/analysing-the-notion-of-cyber-crimes-a-looming-threat-to-the-indian-e-banking-sector/) - Traditionally, banking required a consumer to wait in a long line even to withdraw money or do other auxiliary tasks. The gap between the bank and the customer. - [‘ARREST’ IN INDIA: 360 ANALYSIS](https://lijdlr.com/2023/07/14/arrest-in-india-360-analysis/) - ‘ARREST’ IN INDIA: 360° ANALYSIS Kritika, Student at Army Institute of Law. Gitesh Kumar, Post Graduate- LLM (Punjabi University). Download Manuscript ABSTRACT India witnesses staggering number of arrests, prompting public and legal dialogues. These encompass the arrests of over 2,000 persons for child marriages in Assam, a Union Minister for his remark against a Chief - [Book Review on "The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere Else" by Hernando de Soto](https://lijdlr.com/2023/07/14/book-review-on-the-mystery-of-capital-why-capitalism-triumphs-in-the-west-and-fails-everywhere-else-by-hernando-de-soto/) - Book Review on "The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere Else" by Hernando de Soto Khushbu Kori, Legal, AM; SBI Funds Management Limited. Download Manuscript ABSTRACT Hernando de Soto, a prominent Peruvian economist, and author has made significant contributions to the fields of economics, development, and property rights. Known - [VIOLATION OF SOCIAL SECURITY AND HEALTH RIGHTS OF MIGRANT WORKERS](https://lijdlr.com/2023/07/14/violation-of-social-security-and-health-rights-of-migrant-workers/) - VIOLATION OF SOCIAL SECURITY AND HEALTH RIGHTS OF MIGRANT WORKERS Shilpee Ghosh, Student at Narsee Monjee Institute Of Management Studies, Banaglore. Download Manuscript ABSTRACT India, a nation of 29 states and 7 UTs, is well renowned for its diversity and unity, however, these qualities also have certain flaws due to the country’s failure to uphold them. The - [SUSTAINING CREATION: EXPLORING THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN RELIGIOUS BELIEFS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION](https://lijdlr.com/2023/07/14/sustaining-creation-exploring-the-interplay-between-religious-beliefs-and-environmental-conservation/) - SUSTAINING CREATION: EXPLORING THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN RELIGIOUS BELIEFS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION Unnati Nigam, 9th Semester Student at School of Law, UPES. Download Manuscript ABSTRACT The participants’ religious convictions, their readings of holy scriptures, and their perceptions of humanity’s duty to the natural world are all covered in the interviews. The surveys gather information on environmental - [UNRAVELLING 'LOSS OF CONFIDENCE'- AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF RUDRESHA V. MANAGEMENT OF M/S TVS MOTOR COMPANY](https://lijdlr.com/2023/07/14/unravelling-loss-of-confidence-an-in-depth-analysis-of-rudresha-v-management-of-m-s-tvs-motor-company/) - UNRAVELLING 'LOSS OF CONFIDENCE'- AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF RUDRESHA V. MANAGEMENT OF M/S TVS MOTOR COMPANY Mayank Khichar, Student at National Academy of Legal Studies And Research (NALSAR) University, Hyderabad. Download Manuscript ABSTRACT The case comment provides a detailed analysis of the legal implications and consequences of the court’s decision. It examines the arguments presented - [CROSS-BORDER INSOLVENCY IN PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW– EXAMINING THE UNICTRAL MODEL](https://lijdlr.com/2023/07/05/cross-border-insolvency-in-private-international-law/) - CROSS-BORDER INSOLVENCY IN PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW– EXAMINING THE UNICTRAL MODEL Ekjot Kaur, Student, Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Bengaluru. Download Manuscript ABSTRACT A common challenge in insolvency law is working out a solution under general law and factoring in the implications of insolvency on one or several other parties. Problems with choice of law add a - [IMPACT OF ADMINISTRATIVE MALPRACTICES ON THE BUREAUCRATIC MORALITY OF INDIA: A STUDY](https://lijdlr.com/2023/07/05/impact-of-administrative-malpractices-on-the-bureaucratic-morality-of-india-a-study/) - IMPACT OF ADMINISTRATIVE MALPRACTICES ON THE BUREAUCRATIC MORALITY OF INDIA: A STUDY Devika Reshma, Student at Symbiosis Law School, Hyderabad. Download Manuscript ABSTRACT After attaining Independence from the Britishers in 1947, India was successful in inheriting the best administrative structure compared to all the emerging countries with its morally upstanding and committed public service. However, - [ONLINE MEDICAL NEGLIGENCE UNDER CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT, 2019](https://lijdlr.com/2023/07/05/online-medical-negligence-under-consumer-protection-act-2019/) - ONLINE MEDICAL NEGLIGENCE UNDER CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT, 2019 Kashish Hanumandas Darak, Student at Alliance School of Law, Alliance University, Bengaluru. Download Manuscript ABSTRACT The modern era has been designated as the era of consumers. The consumer is the driving force behind all marketing efforts in addition to being the object of their mind and heart. - [EXPLORING THE NEED FOR A POST-WTO FRAMEWORK](https://lijdlr.com/2023/07/05/exploring-the-need-for-a-post-wto-framework/) - EXPLORING THE NEED FOR A POST-WTO FRAMEWORK Rohitashwa Shrivastawa, Student at Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies , School of Law, Bengaluru. Download Manuscript ABSTRACT The World Trade Organization (WTO) strives for member states to adhere to comprehensive and non-discriminatory rules to facilitate global trade. While the United States played a significant role in the - [THE KEY IMPLICATION OF SECTION 29A IN CORPORATE INSOLVENCY RESOLUTION PROCESS](https://lijdlr.com/2023/07/05/the-key-implication-of-section-29a-in-corporate-insolvency-resolution-process/) - THE KEY IMPLICATION OF SECTION 29A IN CORPORATE INSOLVENCY RESOLUTION PROCESS Akash Kumar, Student at Central University of South Bihar. Arvind Kumar, Student at Central University of South Bihar. Download Manuscript ABSTRACT This research paper tries to explore the current situation of Section 29A of the IBC, and also the CIRP’s aftermath. The Insolvency and - [A SPOTLIGHT ON UNLAWFUL ACTIVITIES PREVENTION ACT, 2019](https://lijdlr.com/2023/07/05/a-spotlight-on-unlawful-activities-prevention-act-2019/) - A SPOTLIGHT ON UNLAWFUL ACTIVITIES PREVENTION ACT, 2019 Bhavana Sree Sagili, Student at Damodaram Sanjivayya National Law University. Download Manuscript ABSTRACT The Unlawful activities prevention act, 2019 (hereupon referred to as UAPA,2019) is an amendment to the law UAPA,1967. It gives authority to name an individual as a terrorist without due process of law. It - [EQUALITY AND INCLUSIVITY: THE PUSH FOR LEGALIZING SAME-SEX MARRIAGES IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2023/06/25/equality-and-inclusivity-the-push-for-legalizing-same-sex-marriages-in-india/) - EQUALITY AND INCLUSIVITY: THE PUSH FOR LEGALIZING SAME-SEX MARRIAGES IN INDIA Arpita Shukla, Law Student at Lloyd Law College. Download Manuscript ABSTRACT “Marriage is a more or less durable connection between male and female lasting beyond the mere act of propagation till after the birth of offspring.” Traditionally marriage is perceived to be the union - [A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE DPDP BILL AND OTHER PRIVACY LAWS](https://lijdlr.com/2023/06/25/a-comparative-analysis-of-the-dpdp-bill-and-other-privacy-laws/) - A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE DPDP BILL AND OTHER PRIVACY LAWS Sneha Agarwal, student at National Law Institute University, Bhopal. 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The use of AI has already started but without regulations, it will be like playing - [DOMESTIC VIOLENCE TOWARDS MEN: A SOCIOLEGAL ANALYSIS](https://lijdlr.com/2023/06/23/domestic-violence-towards-men-a-sociolegal-analysis/) - DOMESTIC VIOLENCE TOWARDS MEN: A SOCIOLEGAL ANALYSIS Aastha Sinha, Student at Alliance School of Law, Alliance University, Bengaluru. Vaishnavi N, Student at Alliance School of Law, Alliance University, Bengaluru. Download Manuscript ABSTRACT We live in a society where it propagates the notion that men and women should be treated equally. But when it comes to - [ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS: ASSESSING AN IMAGINABLY UNIMAGINABLE FUTURE](https://lijdlr.com/2023/06/22/artificial-intelligence-and-constitutional-rights-assessing-an-imaginably-unimaginable-future/) - ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS: ASSESSING AN IMAGINABLY UNIMAGINABLE FUTURE Subramanyan H,Student at Delhi Metropolitan Education. Shivamm Kansal,Student at Delhi Metropolitan Education. 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Satyam and Enron instances have stressed the necessity for independent directors. Clause 49 - [IMMORAL TRAFFICKING OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN INDIA​](https://lijdlr.com/2023/04/09/immoral-trafficking-of-women-and-children-in-india/) - IMMORAL TRAFFICKING OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN INDIA Saniya Mishra, Law Student at Svkm’s Narsee Monjee Institutue of Management Studies, School of Law, Indore Shivansh Mishra, Law Student at Renaissance Law College, Indore Download Manuscript ABSTRACT Human trafficking of women and children is one of the most heinous crimes against humanity. 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The topic shall focus on - [CASE ANALYSIS ON M.C. VERGHESE V. T.C. POONAN AND ANR., AIR 1970 SC 1876](https://lijdlr.com/2022/10/22/case-analysis-on-m-c-verghese-v-t-c-poonan-and-anr-air-1970-sc-1876/) - In the instant case, the respondent-husband had written three letters to his wife, which were read by the appellant. The Appellant then instituted a criminal ca - [LEGAL ISSUES AROUND NFTs & THEIR WAYS OUT](https://lijdlr.com/2022/10/22/legal-issues-around-nfts-their-ways-out/) - With the fastest growing demand for Bitcoin currency, the concept of NFT is essentially a new one. It is, however, a lesser-known issue, despite the fact that - [EXPANDING SCOPE OF MERCHANTABLE QUALITY](https://lijdlr.com/2022/09/20/expanding-scope-of-merchantable-quality/) - EXPANDING SCOPE OF MERCHANTABLE QUALITY Krati Rathi, Third-year B.A.L.L.B. 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The - [DEMYSTIFYING THE IDEA OF INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE THROUGH THE LENS OF HUMAN RIGHTS](https://lijdlr.com/2022/09/13/demystifying-the-idea-of-intangible-cultural-heritage-through-the-lens-of-human-rights/) - DEMYSTIFYING THE IDEA OF INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE THROUGH THE LENS OF HUMAN RIGHTS Danish Chandra, Law Student, Vivekananda Institute of Professional Studies Download Manuscript ABSTRACT The relationship between human rights and cultural heritage law is critical, but it has received insufficient attention in the literature, particularly among human rights experts. 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