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INTEGRATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN CORPORATE MANAGEMENT: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS IN INDIA

Volume IV Issue II /

INTEGRATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN CORPORATE MANAGEMENT: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS IN INDIA Adv. Akshat Chauhan, LLM (Corporate Law), Scholar at IILM University, Greater Noida (India) Ms. Garima Mohan Prasad, Assistant Professor at IILM University, Greater Noida (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.190 Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly transforming corporate management in India by influencing managerial decision-making, workflow automation, compliance monitoring, customer engagement, financial analysis, risk assessment, and strategic planning across diverse business sectors. In the Indian regulatory landscape, AI adoption is developing within a governance framework shaped by policy initiatives and soft-law guidance issued by NITI Aayog and the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), alongside sector-specific oversight by regulatory authorities such as the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). The enactment of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 has further established an important legal foundation for the lawful processing and protection of personal data used in AI-driven managerial systems. This paper examines the opportunities, challenges, and ethical implications associated with the integration of AI into corporate management practices in India. Adopting a doctrinal and analytical research methodology, the study relies on statutory materials, regulatory papers, policy documents, and corporate case illustrations to evaluate the growing role of AI in contemporary business governance. The paper specifically analyses regulatory instruments including the DPDP Act, 2023, SEBI consultation papers concerning responsible AI usage, RBI observations on AI deployment in regulated entities, and policy frameworks developed by NITI Aayog and MeitY . The study finds that AI can significantly improve operational efficiency, predictive decision-making, compliance management, customer responsiveness, resource optimisation, and strategic agility within corporations. However, it also identifies substantial concerns relating to algorithmic bias, opacity, cybersecurity vulnerabilities, workforce displacement, data governance failures, and accountability deficits arising from automated decision-making systems. The paper concludes that India’s corporate sector should adopt a governance-oriented model of AI integration that combines innovation with board-level oversight, privacy safeguards, explainability standards, impact assessments, cybersecurity preparedness, and meaningful human supervision to ensure responsible and ethically compliant deployment of AI technologies in corporate management.

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THE DEATH PENALTY IN INDIA: JUSTICE OR RETRIBUTIVE SENTIMENT

Volume IV Issue I /

THE DEATH PENALTY IN INDIA: JUSTICE OR RETRIBUTIVE SENTIMENT Tripti Mishra, 4th year Law student, Vijaybhoomi University (India) Nandita Dubey, 3rd year Law student, Vijaybhoomi University (India) Anuradha Padhy, Associate Faculty of Law, Vijaybhoomi University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.90 The death penalty remains one of the most divisive and morally complex issues in India’s criminal justice system. This research paper critically examines whether capital punishment serves the ends of justice or merely reflects society’s retributive instincts. Although the Supreme Court in Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab (1980) upheld its constitutionality under the “rarest of rare” doctrine, the doctrine’s inconsistent application raises serious doubts about fairness and equality before the law. The study draws on both primary data through surveys assessing public perception and secondary sources, including judicial precedents, scholarly writings, and empirical reports such as those by Project 39A and the People’s Union for Democratic Rights (PUDR). The findings reveal that a majority of respondents favor retaining the death penalty, often justifying it on grounds of deterrence and justice. However, deeper analysis suggests that such support largely stems from emotional and retaliatory impulses rather than rational belief in its deterrent value. The research also highlights how media sensationalism, political narratives, and public outrage influence judicial decision-making, often transforming justice into a performance to appease popular sentiment. Further, the disproportionate impact on marginalized and economically weaker sections exposes inherent biases within the system. The paper argues that the death penalty, as currently practiced, undermines constitutional values of dignity, equality, and due process. It concludes that India must move towards codifying clearer sentencing standards, strengthening legal aid, and eventually embracing humane alternatives such as life imprisonment without parole. In doing so, the criminal justice system would better align with global human rights principles and the evolving moral conscience of a democratic society.

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ONLINE PIRACY AND ARTISTIC WORKS: ANALYSING INDIA’S COPYRIGHT FRAMEWORK IN THE DIGITAL AGE

Volume IV Issue I /

ONLINE PIRACY AND ARTISTIC WORKS: ANALYSING INDIA’S COPYRIGHT FRAMEWORK IN THE DIGITAL AGE Manisha Nath, LLM (IPR)/1year/2nd semester Student at Amity University Noida (India) Dr. Bhavna Batra, Assistant Professor of Law at Amity University Noida (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.80 The high growth rate of the digital technology has changed the way artwork is created, distributed and consumed in India. Although digital platforms have improved the accessibility and visibility of artists, they have also intensified the menace of online piracy. Photos, paintings, films, music and digital art, like other artistic works, are now easily replicated, distributed and misused without permission, resulting in significant financial loss and moral harm to artists. In this paper, the author discusses the nature of online piracy affecting artistic works and critically evaluates the suitability of the copyright system in India to meet the challenges of the digitalized world. The paper examines the boundaries of protection offered under the Copyright Act 1957 with specific reference to the rights of the copyright holders, the notion of infringement and the intermediaries. It considers the application of traditional principles of copyright to digital setting and points out the shortcomings that are presented by the technological complexity, anonymity of the violators and jurisdiction concerns. The judicial responses to online piracy are analyzed to see how the courts have tried to reconcile between the copyright owner interests and the freedom of speech and access to information. The rising adoption of website blocking injunctions and intermediary liability are indicators of an ever-expanding judicial acknowledgment of web piracy as a structural and not discrete crime. The effect of comparative legal approaches as well as international commitments of India through the world copyright treaties is also discussed in the paper. It draws out the conclusion that although the copyright system of India has been slowly adapting to the digital reality due to the changes in the copyright statutes and the creative use of the judicial process, the gaps in the enforcement quality and the reaction to the technological environment still exist. The research highlights the necessity to provide a more articulate statutory regulation, enhanced institutional structures and enhanced enlightenment to facilitate a successful and equitable safeguarding of artistic creations in the digital age.

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BEYOND WESTERN PARADIGMS: THE KAUTILYAN TEMPLATE FOR CONTEMPORARY INDIAN STRATEGIC STATECRAFT

Volume III Issue IV /

BEYOND WESTERN PARADIGMS: THE KAUTILYAN TEMPLATE FOR CONTEMPORARY INDIAN STRATEGIC STATECRAFT Siddaroodh Gururaj Ravi, BBA LLB, 1st year student at Symbiosis Law School (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.212 This study fills a critical gap in International Relations (IR) scholarship by empirically testing an ancient, indigenous strategic framework derived from Kautilya’s Arthashastra, specifically the Four Upayas (Sama, Dama, Danda, Bheda). Moving beyond normative appeals for the inclusion of non-Western theories, the research rigorously operationalizes these classical strategies as observable, testable variables to provide a systematic explanation of India’s diplomatic choices. Using a structured, focused comparative case study methodology, the paper examines India’s foreign policy behavior towards two archetypal relational contexts: Bhutan (the Mitra or ally) and Pakistan (the Ari or enemy). It explicitly tests whether the Kautilyan framework offers superior explanatory and predictive power relative to Neoclassical Realism (NCR), a leading Western theory that integrates systemic and domestic variables. Findings underscore the continued relevance and distinctiveness of Kautilyan statecraft, revealing a relational and sequential logic that shapes India’s strategic toolkit, which is often obscured in dominant Western models. The paper contributes significantly to IR theory, strategic cultural studies, and practical foreign policy analysis by advocating greater methodological rigor in employing indigenous frameworks for understanding complex contemporary geopolitics.

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PERSONALITY RIGHTS: AN EMERGING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT OR A SHIELD AGAINST DEEPFAKES?

Volume III Issue IV /

PERSONALITY RIGHTS: AN EMERGING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT OR A SHIELD AGAINST DEEPFAKES? Manik Tindwani, Advocate, Rajasthan High Court (India) Vidhi Jangid, Student, University Five Year Law College, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur (India) Navya Paniyar, Student, University Five Year Law College, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.195 Personality rights now sit at a very fragile intersection of privacy, dignity, and commercial value in digital India. Rapid growth of generative AI and deepfake tools makes identity itself a manipulable asset which travels across borders in seconds. Celebrities, influencers, and ordinary users all face the risk that their face, voice, or mannerisms may be cloned for endorsement, humour, or even fraud without consent. Indian constitutional jurisprudence has recognised privacy and autonomy, yet statutory protection for personality remains fragmented across intellectual property and tort law. Recent Delhi High Court actions by film stars and digital creators show how personality rights are being tested against AI tools, deepfake filters, and viral content practices. This research examines whether personality rights in India are actually evolving into a distinct intellectual property right, or whether they still function mainly as a dignitary shield. It analyses how copyright, trademark, and passing off doctrines are stretched to respond to AI generated misappropriation of persona. It further evaluates whether such incremental judicial innovations are sufficient to deal with deepfakes, synthetic media, and cross border online harms. Comparative insights from EU and US frameworks highlight alternative approaches to publicity and image rights and raise important questions for Indian reform. The paper argues that Indian law must carefully frame personality rights to protect individuals against AI driven exploitation without chilling creativity, satire, and technological progress.

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GUARDIANS OF HERITAGE, ENGINES OF TRADE: GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS AND INDIANS GLOBAL FOOTPRINT

Volume III Issue IV /

GUARDIANS OF HERITAGE, ENGINES OF TRADE: GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS AND INDIANS GLOBAL FOOTPRINT Komal Muskan Pandita, 1st semester LLM Student at Amity Law School, Amity University, Punjab (India). Arshpreet Kour, 1st semester LLM Student at Amity Law School, Amity University, Punjab (India). Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.160 Geographical Indications (GIs) represent one of the most vibrant crossroads of trade, intellectual property, and cultural background in international law. They basically are that form of intellectual property that protects the reputation, qualities, and distinctive character of a product linked to a specific geographical origin. For India, which boasts a wealth of agricultural products and diverse craft traditions, Geographical Indications (GIs) serve as legal tools that connect intangible cultural heritage to markets, income opportunities, and international branding efforts. This paper explores the Indian GI framework, its relationship with the TRIPS agreements, and the worldwide recognition and enforcement of Indian GIs. Through a variety of Indian case studies, including Darjeeling Tea, Basmati Rice, Banarasi Saree, Alphonso Mango, Kanchipuram Silk, Mysore Sandalwood Oil, Feni, Pochampally Ikat, Blue Pottery of Jaipur, and others, the paper assesses legal protection strategies, commercial results, enforcement difficulties, and the policy measures necessary to enhance both domestic impacts and international acknowledgment. This research integrates statutory interpretation, contextual analysis of treaties, registry data, and current case law, along with trade developments, to provide actionable suggestions for legal and policy adjustments aimed at enhancing the global competitiveness and cultural protection of Indian GIs.

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JUDICIAL INDEPENDENCE UNDER POLITICAL PRESSURE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INDIA AND THE UNITED STATES

Volume III Issue III /

JUDICIAL INDEPENDENCE UNDER POLITICAL PRESSURE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INDIA AND THE UNITED STATES Jyotiranjan Yadav, LLM Student at Lovely Professional University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.103 Judicial independence is the cornerstone of the overall working. It ensures that the judicial officers deliver judgments free from any external pressure or influence. It forms an essential part of the democracy and governance. It safeguards the fundamental principles of the rule of law. However, political influence has often posed challenges to the autonomy of the judicial working across different jurisdictions. This research paper draws comparison between the framework in India and the United States. It will help in analysing how is the judicial independence is sometimes compromised under political pressure. In both of nation the tenure or term served by any judge is fixed. The aim behind this fixing of tenure is to make institution or judiciary free from executive and legislative pressure. In India, debates surrounding judicial appointments through the collegium system, executive interference, and recent controversies highlight the tension between the judiciary and political branches. On the other hand, in the United States, the politically charged process of judicial appointments, life tenure of Supreme Court judges, and instances of ideological polarization reflects a significant struggle. The paper aims to highlight strengths, weaknesses, and lessons each jurisdiction can draw from the other, reinforcing the need for a robust judiciary capable of maintaining independence amidst growing political contestations. By comparing these two nations, the paper tries to explore how structural safeguards, constitutional principles, and judicial traditions either insulate or expose the judiciary to external interference. The analysis and conclusion aim to contribute to a broader understanding of judicial independence under political pressure and its significance for democratic stability.

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REGULATORY INNOVATION OR LEGAL EROSION? INVESTIGATING THE ACCIDENTAL ARBITRAGE CREATED BY GIFT CITY’S DUAL FINANCIAL REGIME

Volume III Issue II /

REGULATORY INNOVATION OR LEGAL EROSION? INVESTIGATING THE ACCIDENTAL ARBITRAGE CREATED BY GIFT CITY’S DUAL FINANCIAL REGIME Devesh, Fourth Year B.Com LL.B. (Hons.) Student at Institute of Law, Nirma University, Ahmedabad Radhika Dinesh, Fourth Year B.Com LL.B. (Hons.) Student at Institute of Law, Nirma University, Ahmedabad Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.54 This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the legal and constitutional ramifications arising from establishing and operating the Gujarat International Finance Tec-City (GIFT City) and its International Financial Services Centre (IFSC). Conceived as a flagship initiative to position India as a global financial hub, GIFT City offers a suite of regulatory exemptions, tax incentives, and operational flexibilities designed to attract international capital and financial institutions. However, the paper argues that these exceptional measures have created a parallel regulatory regime that contrasts India’s unified financial architecture. Through doctrinal and comparative legal analysis, the authors explore how GIFT City’s unique framework facilitates regulatory arbitrage, enabling entities to bypass domestic regulations related to taxation, capital controls, and insolvency. The paper highlights the risks of forum shopping, tax base erosion, and the dilution of investor and creditor protections, drawing on both Indian and international precedents. It further examines the constitutional questions raised by the selective privileges granted to GIFT City entities, particularly about the principles of equality before law, fiscal federalism, and the separation of powers between the legislature and the executive. The study also assesses the broader policy implications of allowing such regulatory enclaves within the Indian legal system, including potential impacts on market integrity, regulatory coherence, and public accountability. In conclusion, the paper offers targeted policy recommendations to reconcile GIFT City’s operational objectives with India’s constitutional and regulatory commitments. These include enhancing transparency, instituting robust economic substance requirements, and ensuring integrated oversight by domestic regulators to prevent the emergence of enclave exceptionalism and to safeguard the integrity of India’s financial and legal systems.

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THE CONUNDRUM OF PATENT WAIVERS ON COVID-19 VACCINES: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF SOUTH AFRICA, INDIA, AND WTO’S POSITION

Volume III Issue II /

THE CONUNDRUM OF PATENT WAIVERS ON COVID-19 VACCINES: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF SOUTH AFRICA, INDIA, AND WTO’S POSITION Shruti Sinha, Pursuing LL. M in Constitutional Law from Gujarat National Law University (GNLU) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.43 The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the critical need for universal vaccine access, bringing renewed attention to the contentious issue of patent waivers for COVID-19 vaccines. This paper offers a comprehensive and balanced examination of the debate surrounding vaccine patent waivers, with particular focus on the positions of South Africa, India, and the World Trade Organization (WTO). It begins by tracing the evolution of pharmaceutical patent rights and their influence on vaccine accessibility. The analysis then delves into the motivations behind the waiver proposals by South Africa and India, highlighting the socio-economic and public health factors that drive their advocacy. The discussion further explores the WTO’s role in mediating this debate, illustrating the complex dynamics between international trade regulations and global health emergencies. By integrating legal, economic, and public health perspectives, the paper provides a nuanced understanding of the potential implications of patent waivers on vaccine equity, innovation, and future pandemic preparedness. It seeks to illuminate how temporary suspension of intellectual property protections may affect the global distribution of vaccines, balancing the need for innovation with the imperative of equitable access. Ultimately, this research contributes to the broader discourse on the intersection of intellectual property, global trade, and public health in crisis contexts, offering insights for policymakers, scholars, and stakeholders navigating the challenges of ensuring global health security in an interconnected world.

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INTERPRETATION OF NON-FUNGIBLE TOKENS (NFTS) AND BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY IN INDIA

Volume II Issue IV /

INTERPRETATION OF NON-FUNGIBLE TOKENS (NFTS) AND BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY IN INDIA Nandini Achhra, 3rd year – BALLB(H), Student at Vivekananda institute of professional studies, Delhi Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2024.v02.52 The rise of non-fungible tokens (hereinafter referred to as “NFTs”) has changed the way digital properties operate and as such presents new possibilities for, in this instance intellectual property rights notably copyrights. This paper interrogates how the emergence of NFTs and blockchain technology are challenging, reconstituting conventional copyright law regimes NFTs – unique digital assets with proof of ownership verified through blockchain technology – have swept across an array of industries from art and music to entertainment, providing a new way for creators to both authenticate their work and monetize it online. However, the intersection of NFTs and copyrights raises complexities regarding ownership, infringement, and the scope of rights pertaining to NFT transactions. The paper assesses the current legal framework, scrutinizing how existing copyright laws pertain to NFTs, while also examining notable court cases and legal precedents. Additionally, it examines the implications of smart contracts, which are frequently employed in transactions to automate and enforce the terms of agreements, and their potential impact on copyright enforcement and licensing. The paper also examines the global aspect of copyright and NFTS, analyzing how various countries are adapting to these technological innovations. It emphasizes the difficulties of aligning copyright laws across different countries in the digital era and the potential for international treaties and agreements to contribute to the development of a unified legal framework for NFTS. Finally, the paper suggests possible changes and future paths for copyright law in response to the continuous development of non-fungible tokens and blockchain technology. The paper concludes that while NFTs present exciting prospects for monetizing and distributing digital content, a comprehensive and well-defined legal framework is essential to tackle the intricate copyright challenges they entail and safeguard intellectual property rights in the digital age. Type Information Research Paper LawFoyer International Journal of Doctrinal Legal Research, Volume II, Issue IV, Page 207-224. Creative Commons Copyright This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. © Authors, 2024

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