HATE SPEECH VS. FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION: STRIKING THE RIGHT BALANCE IN A DIVERSE SOCIETY

This research paper delves into the complex lawful and moral situations encompassing hate speech in India, centring on the fragile balance between safeguarding free speech and combating discrimination. The paper starts by looking at the constitutional framework that ensures the right to freedom of speech and expression in India, compared with the basic to anticipate hate speech that prompts violence and separation. It dives into the authentic and sociopolitical setting that has formed the talk around hate speech in India, investigating the intersectionality of caste, religion, and ethnicity in fuelling unfair talk. The paper fundamentally analyses the existing legitimate instruments in India for tending to hate speech, including provisions beneath the Indian Penal Code and the Information Technology Act. It moreover assesses the effectiveness of these laws in controlling hate speech and holding culprits responsible. Moreover, the paper investigates the ethical contemplations characteristic in directing hate speech, such as the pressure between protecting marginalized communities and maintaining the standards of free speech. Drawing on case thinks about and comparative analyses, the paper offers insights into potential changes and approach suggestions to explore this legal and moral minefield. It advocates for a nuanced approach that maintains free speech whereas heartily combating hate speech through focused on legislation and proactive requirement mechanisms. Eventually, the paper looks for to contribute to the progressing talk on hate speech in India and offer a roadmap for safeguarding free speech whereas promoting a more inclusive and equitable society.