In India, mob lynching has become one of the most unsettling examples of mass violence in a democracy, exposing significant rifts in the country’s moral, legal, and social structures. This study examines mob lynching in India as a serious danger to human rights and constitutional democracy. Using a doctrinal and case study methodology, the study examines legal frameworks, court rulings, and events like the lynchings in Jharkhand, Palghar, and Bhiwani. The results show that cow vigilantism, communal polarisation, institutional inaction, and digital disinformation—particularly via WhatsApp—are the main causes of lynching incidents. According to statistics, there has been a notable increase in mob lynchings since 2015, with a focus on marginalised groups like Muslims, Dalits, and Adivasis. The study emphasises the urgent need for a specific anti-lynching law and the shortcomings of the current legal framework, even in light of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. In order to promote social harmony and uphold constitutional values, the paper ends with recommendations that include strict statutory penalties, mandatory victim compensation, digital regulation, law enforcement awareness-raising, and civic education.