Toolmark examination has been a mainstay of forensic research for more than a century, developing from simple visual inspection methods to sophisticated, technologically assisted analytical procedures. This study offers a thorough comparative analysis of both conventional and contemporary methods for toolmark identification, highlighting their practical usefulness in contemporary forensic investigations, methodological underpinnings, accuracy parameters, and inherent difficulties. Modern analytical techniques include advanced imaging technologies, 3D surface analysis, statistical modeling, and automated comparison systems to improve objectivity and reproducibility, whereas traditional methods mostly rely on the examiner’s skill and visual comparison using microscopes. The study emphasizes that rather than substituting one for the other, the most dependable results in forensic toolmark analysis come from combining traditional knowledge with contemporary technology developments. By strengthening accuracy, efficiency, and judicial dependability, this hybrid approach creates a more scientifically sound foundation for forensic toolmark analysis in the twenty-first century.