This paper examines the parallel histories and ideologies of Hindutva and the Khalistan movement, two divergent currents in Indian politics. Hindutva, articulated by Vinayak D. Savarkar in the early 20th century, envisions India as a “Hindu nation” defined by common culture and ancestry, and has underpinned the rise of Hindu nationalist parties (e.g. RSS/BJP) in India’s politics. In contrast, the Khalistan movement emerged in the 1970s–80s as a Sikh separatist campaign demanding an independent Punjab for Sikhs, galvanized by grievances over community rights and events like Operation Blue Star. We trace the key origins and figures (e.g. Savarkar, Bhindranwale), doctrinal tenets, and major events (e.g. Babri Masjid demolition in 1992, 1984 anti-Sikh riots) that shaped each ideology. The analysis then turns to recent developments as of 2025: in India, Hindutva has been institutionalized through the electoral dominance of the BJP, new laws (e.g. CAA, anti-conversion statutes), and changes in education (Hindu-centric curricula). Simultaneously, the Khalistan cause has seen a resurgence abroad, especially among diasporic Sikh communities in Canada, the UK, and the US. High-profile incidents – notably the 2023 assassination of Canadian Sikh leader Hardeep Nijjar and subsequent Canada–India diplomatic clash – spotlight renewed activism and state tensions. Social media and digital campaigns have become crucial to Khalistan advocacy (e.g. online “referendums,” virtual protests).