AI has in a relatively short time turned the world economic systems, governments, and social relations inside out, providing more opportunities for innovations and, at the same time, introducing complicated legal, ethical, and regulatory problems. With the continued amounts of AI technologies penetrating key industries including healthcare, finance, security, and state management, governments have to grapple with the implementation of efficient governance structures that are able to provide accountability, transparency and responsible technological advancement. This has led to the development of fragmented global AI governance where various jurisdictions have taken dissimilar methods of governance of AI depending on their institutional priorities, technological capabilities, and political systems. This research paper reviews the changing dynamics of the global governance of AI by comparing the legislation of the chosen jurisdiction, such as the European Union, the United States, China, India. The research design is a qualitative doctrinal research design and comparison with legal analysis to assess the major regulatory frameworks, policy initiatives, and institutional mechanisms regulating artificial intelligence. Specific focus is put on regulatory philosophies, enforcement tools, ethical protection and model-based risk-based governance which inform national AI governance practices. The results demonstrate that even though the principles of transparency, accountability, and risk management are common in most countries, their regulatory systems vary greatly. European Union has stressed a comprehensive regulation based on rights, United States has stressed an innovation driven regulation, China has a centralized state-centered approach and India is an emerging hybrid system which lays emphasis on policy direction and digital growth. The diversities underscore the difficulties of creating unified international regulatory frameworks of AI governance. The paper concludes that the successful regulation of AI globally will necessitate more international collaboration, common technical standards, and harmonized legal policies that have the ability to balance technological innovation and ethical and societal protection.