Acid attacks against women in India continue to expose serious deficiencies within the criminal justice system, particularly in the areas of prevention, investigation, prosecution, and victim rehabilitation. Despite stringent legal provisions, the persistence of such offences indicates structural and procedural gaps. This study critically examines the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in addressing these challenges by enhancing the efficiency, accuracy, and responsiveness of criminal justice mechanisms. It analyses the application of AI across various stages of the criminal justice process, including prevention, investigation, prosecution, adjudication, and victim support, while also evaluating its effectiveness and the associated legal, ethical, and constitutional implications in the Indian context. Adopting a doctrinal research methodology based on statutory analysis, judicial precedents, policy frameworks, and secondary literature, the study explores AI-based tools such as predictive policing, forensic analytics, legal research systems, and judicial decision-support mechanisms. The findings indicate that AI holds significant potential to strengthen criminal justice responses by enabling proactive policing, improving evidentiary accuracy, reducing delays, and promoting victim-centric justice. However, concerns relating to data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the absence of a comprehensive regulatory framework necessitate cautious and regulated implementation. The study concludes that AI should function as an assistive tool supported by robust legal safeguards and human oversight to ensure fairness, accountability, and constitutional compliance.