The rapid evolution of technology has profoundly transformed modern life, with Artificial Intelligence (AI) emerging as one of the most influential technological developments. By processing vast datasets, predicting outcomes, and assisting decision-making, AI enhances efficiency, accuracy, and productivity. While these advancements promote social and economic development, they also raise significant human rights concerns. The widespread use of AI introduces challenges such as privacy violations, mass surveillance, algorithmic bias, job displacement, cybercrime, and the misuse of deepfakes. Vulnerable groups, particularly women and children, face increased risks of online exploitation, harassment, and non-consensual content. These concerns necessitate a careful evaluation of whether existing legal frameworks are sufficient to regulate AI without hindering innovation. AI tools like ChatGPT, Google Gemini, and Google Translate have transformed and reshaped education, workplaces, healthcare, and governance. Innovations such as virtual court hearings and telemedicine have improved accessibility and efficiency. However, in medical and judicial contexts, AI may also threaten professional autonomy and human judgment. Despite its benefits, AI poses risks such as overreliance, reduced physical activity, and threats to employment. For instance, large-scale automation in countries like China has reduced reliance on human labour. Additionally, AI’s ability to access and misuse personal data, including through platforms like Google Photos, raises serious concerns about privacy and dignity. In India, initiatives such as Bhashini, Kisan E-Mitra, and Aarogya Setu demonstrate AI’s positive impact. However, robust legal and ethical frameworks are essential to ensure that AI development aligns with human rights principles, safeguarding dignity, equality, and freedom. This paper examines the intersection of AI and human rights in India. It evaluates AI’s impact on privacy, equality, dignity, and freedom of expression, reviews national and international legal frameworks, and highlights the urgent need for ethical governance and balanced regulation.