Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has the potential to transform governance, law enforcement, public administration and access to justice. While existing scholarship has largely emphasized risks such as privacy violations, algorithmic bias, mass surveillance, intellectual property concerns, automated profiling and exclusion, there is increasing recognition that AI can also be deployed as a tool for the protection and promotion of human rights. This paper undertakes a comparative legal study of selected modern democracies, namely the United Kingdom, the United States of America, Canada, Australia and India, to examine how AI-based systems are being used or regulated in relation to human rights enforcement. The study adopts a doctrinal and comparative methodology, relying on legal instruments, policy frameworks, judicial developments and scholarly literature to analyse AI applications in access to justice, equality, non-discrimination, welfare delivery, transparency and humanitarian response. The paper further examines challenges arising from AI deployment, including algorithmic bias, lack of transparency and explainability, fragmented regulation, digital divide and inadequate remedies for AI-generated harms. It recommends mandatory human rights impact assessments, explainable and accountable AI systems, effective grievance redressal mechanisms, inclusive public consultation, human supervision in consequential decisions, protection of vulnerable groups and stronger international cooperation on AI governance. These recommendations are directed towards ensuring that innovation does not weaken constitutional values, democratic accountability or substantive equality. The central argument of the paper is that AI has significant potential to advance human rights, but its effectiveness depends upon a suitable rights-based legal framework, transparent governance norms, ethical design, institutional accountability and meaningful human oversight wherever rights and liberties are affected.