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REDEFINING LIABILITY: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CHALLENGES IN THE AGE OF AI

REDEFINING LIABILITY: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CHALLENGES IN THE AGE OF AI Sarthak Sharma, Student of BA LLB at Himachal Pradesh National Law University, Shimla Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2024.v02.19 The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has raised significant challenges for traditional intellectual property (IP) frameworks, particularly regarding authorship, ownership, and liability for AI-generated works. This paper examines these issues within the context of India’s IP laws, specifically under the Copyright Act of 1957 and the Patents Act of 1970, highlighting the limitations of these frameworks in addressing AI’s complexities. AI-generated content blurs the line between human and machine creativity, making it difficult to assign ownership and enforce rights under existing legal structures that assume human authorship. Moreover, the patentability of AI-generated innovations is hindered by current laws that only recognize human inventors. The paper explores various challenges, such as determining liability for copyright infringement and the uncertainty of fair use when training AI models with copyrighted data. Proposed solutions include introducing new IP categories for AI-generated content, reforming authorship laws, enhancing transparency and accountability in AI systems, and developing AI-specific enforcement mechanisms. International cooperation and ethical considerations are also emphasized as critical to establishing a fair and effective global IP framework. Ultimately, the paper argues for an updated legal landscape that balances innovation and protection, ensuring India remains competitive in the evolving AI landscape while fostering responsible and ethical AI use. Type Information Research Paper LawFoyer International Journal of Doctrinal Legal Research, Volume II, Issue III, Page 316-326. Creative Commons Copyright This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Copyright © LIJDLR 2024

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WITNESS PROTECTION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY AMONG USA, UK, FRANCE, AND INDIA

WITNESS PROTECTION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY AMONG USA, UK, FRANCE, AND INDIA Priyanka. C, Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University- School of Excellence in Law Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2024.v02.18 “Whenever a man commits a crime, heaven finds a witness”                                                                                              –  Edward G. Bulwer The above statement shows the importance of witness in any criminal justice system. The role of witness in the criminal justice administration is extremely inevitable especially in an adversarial system where the burden of proof is on the prosecution and the prosecution depends on the witness and their statements. There are instances where witnesses had turned hostile and refused to help in finding the guilty of the accused person resulting in the acquittal of the accused who may have been guilty of charges. This poses threat to society because the question arises why witness has turned hostile or why they had not come forward in the first place to give evidence and perform their sacred duty of helping the justice system. When a person is to testify against a criminal particularly those having political, financial and man power to cause harm, they fear for their well-being and fail to fulfil their ethical duty to support the truth. Thus, the governments across the world recognised the need to protect witness to ensure the delivery of justice and enacted witness protection programmes. The study of witness protection programs in the US, UK, France, and India reveals significant differences in structures, implementation, and effectiveness, despite varying protection and resource allocation. This article highlights the development of witness protection programmes in United States, United Kingdom, France, and India. Type Information Research Paper LawFoyer International Journal of Doctrinal Legal Research, Volume II, Issue III, Page 299-315. Creative Commons Copyright This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Copyright © LIJDLR 2024

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UNRAVELING THE IMPACT OF DEEPFAKES ON INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT THROUGH THE LENS OF INFORMATION WARFARE: AN ANALYSIS

UNRAVELING THE IMPACT OF DEEPFAKES ON INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT THROUGH THE LENS OF INFORMATION WARFARE: AN ANALYSIS Shraddha Tiwari, Student at Christ University. Download Manuscript ABSTRACT The emergence of deepfake technology in modern international context poses unprecedented threats to conventional frameworks for truth and originality. This legal paper on deepfake emphasizes the wide range of consequences that this phenomenon has not only concerning international agreements, diplomatic relations and security arrangements but also with respect to interrelations among states. Through revealing the history of deepfake development, this paper emphasizes its revolutionary effect on world affairs and especially for a part as an effective tool in the information warfare armory. The study conducts a critical analysis of international conventions, including the Geneva Conventions and International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights to evaluate their effectiveness in dealing with threats posed by deepfakes. Common examples of the key problems in contemporary legal frameworks are highlighted through case studies that present high-profile incidents such as The Pelosi Video Controversy, Navalny Poisoning Deepfake and EU Diplomatic Summit Incident drawing attention to a specialized approach needed for addressing deepfakes technology. The paper makes policy recommendations, suggesting the necessary amendments to existing treaties and new international agreements targeted at emerging technologies. Cultural specifics for India, the United States of America and Great Britain are discussed, pointing out an importance that ethics and human rights issues have in the formation of legal framework. The recommendations attempt to simultaneously achieve the efficacy of legal measures enabling a fight against threats posed by deepfake and maintain individual rights for freedoms while respecting democratic values. The paper discusses the necessity of international cooperation and also predicts the continuous evolution of deepfake, the challenges in forming a legal framework for the same and its execution both at national and Global level. It focuses on the variegated field of AI surveillance, analyzing its security impacts, scope opportunities as well as challenges in connection with international relations perspective. With the world’s security framework adopting AI surveillance, this study offers a critical analysis of legal and ethical aspects surrounding its implementation. Special attention is given to the new role of technology companies, in which technological advancements need to be balanced with legal safeguards and ethical norms. The paper seeks to contribute ongoing discourses by unpacking the complex balance between AI surveillance, security pressures and responsibilities of critical actors in the digital era. The policy recommendations advocated by the author are essentially for legislative amendments in India’s Information Technology Act, inclusion of deepfake related offenses in the legal system. Moreover, international collaboration is proposed through a Global Cybersecurity Agreement and a Transparency and Attribution Accords. Incorporation of human rights and ethics into policy frameworks to address the challenges posed by deepfake technology among countries and globally. The author concludes the paper by emphasizing the need for urgent and proactive measures to adopt international treaties and prevent information warfare and international conflicts among the countries in the near future. Type Information Research Paper LawFoyer International Journal of Doctrinal Legal Research, Volume I, Issue IV, Page 363-376. Creative Commons Copyright This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Copyright © LIJDLR 2024

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