The Tamil Nadu Land Reforms (Fixation of Ceiling on Land) Act, 1961 represents a significant legislative attempt to implement agrarian reform by limiting the concentration of agricultural land and facilitating equitable distribution. Despite the clarity of its social-welfare objective, the Act has generated extensive litigation, particularly concerning the interpretation and application of its statutory provisions. This paper adopts a doctrinal legal research methodology, relying on primary sources including the Act, its amendments, and judicial decisions of the Supreme Court of India and the Madras High Court, along with relevant secondary literature. The study is guided by key research questions relating to the judicial interpretation of “family” in ceiling computation, the validity of transfers under Section 22, procedural safeguards in surplus land acquisition, and the extent to which judicial trends align with legislative intent. By synthesising statutory provisions with leading judicial decisions, the paper demonstrates how judicial interpretation has shaped the practical operation of the Act over time. The study concludes that while the judiciary has largely upheld the legislative objective of land redistribution, variations in interpretative approaches have occasionally resulted in procedural delays and inconsistent outcomes. The paper emphasises the need for clearer statutory guidance and uniform application to ensure effective implementation of land ceiling laws in Tamil Nadu.