Firefighters, as frontline emergency responders, risk their lives to protect society from fires, disasters and industrial hazards. Yet, in India, their welfare, rights and working conditions remain severely neglected. According to the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), over 300 firefighters have died in the line of duty between 2015 and 2022, with thousands more injured, underscoring the dangerous nature of this profession. This paper critically examines the systemic deficiencies in legal, institutional and policy frameworks governing firefighter welfare in India. Drawing on field observations, policy analysis and international comparisons, the study highlights gaps in occupational safety, insurance coverage, mental health support and compensation mechanisms. Unlike countries such as the United States and United Kingdom, India lacks a central statute to address the unique risks faced by firefighters. As a result, they endure hazardous working environments without adequate protective gear, mental health services, or structured post trauma care. The research underscores the urgent need for legislative reform, sector specific protections and a national policy that recognizes firefighting as a hazardous occupation deserving of dignity, safety and institutional support. The findings aim to inform legal reform and policy interventions that can secure recognition, welfare and long-term resilience for Indian’s first responders.