Artificial Intelligence

TRACING THE RELEVANCE OF BLOCKCHAIN IN THE FIELD OF COPYRIGHT: BY ANALYTICALLY EXAMINING THE JOURNEY OF CONCEPT OF COPYRIGHT LAW, ROLE OF BLOCKCHAIN IN REGULATING MUSIC INDUSTRY, LICENSING, OUTPUT DEVELOPED USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, OWNERSHIP CLAIMS, DIGITAL RIGHTS MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS – INTERNATIONALLY AND NATIONALLY, PROBLEMS FACED DURING ENFORCEMENT AND ITS IMPRESSION ON SOCIAL JUSTICE IN INDIA

TRACING THE RELEVANCE OF BLOCKCHAIN IN THE FIELD OF COPYRIGHT: BY ANALYTICALLY EXAMINING THE JOURNEY OF CONCEPT OF COPYRIGHT LAW, ROLE OF BLOCKCHAIN IN REGULATING MUSIC INDUSTRY, LICENSING, OUTPUT DEVELOPED USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, OWNERSHIP CLAIMS, DIGITAL RIGHTS MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS – INTERNATIONALLY AND NATIONALLY, PROBLEMS FACED DURING ENFORCEMENT AND ITS IMPRESSION ON SOCIAL JUSTICE IN INDIA Vanshika Moriani, BBA.LL.B. 5th Year, Institute of Technology & Management, Raipur, Chhattisgarh (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.315 The intellectual property sector is undergoing through significant changes due to the rapid growth in the technology. This paper traces the history of the intellectual property with national and international frameworks from Statute of Anne to the World Intellectual Property Organization and emerging technologies, explores the relevance of blockchain technology in the field of copyright, concept of related terms like Digital Rights Management Systems, licensing, ownership claims and AI-generated contents and how this technology has affected music industry so far. This paper also highlights the enforcement issues faced in India and how this technology aids in serving justice. The methodology used in this research paper is primarily analytical and doctrinal in nature. It uses an analytical approach to underline the history of the intellectual property. The study counts on primary sources, which includes The Copyright Act, 1957, The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 and judicial decisions of courts of India. The secondary sources used in this paper are WIPO reports, The National Blockchain Frameworks and international case laws. The key findings of this paper point out on how the core features of blockchain technology, that is, immutability, timestamping, decentralized ledger, etc will bring revolution in the IP sector (particularly in the music industry), help in serving justice to the creators in cases of ownership claims, AI-generated contents, etc., and also the shortcomings which might be faced by the world in the use of this technology. Finally, this paper concludes that while blockchain technology is a boon for creators and innovators, but its success depends on legislative harmonization as well.

AI, SOCIETY AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE LEGAL SYSTEM IN INDIA: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES AND THE ROAD AHEAD

Volume IV Special Issue I / Shrutika Juwale

AI, SOCIETY AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE LEGAL SYSTEM IN INDIA: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES AND THE ROAD AHEAD Shrutika Juwale, Second Year LLM- IPR, KES SHRI. Jayantilal Patel College of Law, Mumbai (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.42 This research paper examines the influence of Artificial Intelligence on society and the legal system in India. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a widely used technology in both professional and personal life, making several activities more convenient, efficient, and accessible. Whether individuals are fully aware of it or not, AI increasingly influences decision-making processes and the manner in which people live, work, and interact with institutions. Although the legal services sector has traditionally been cautious in adopting new technologies, AI is now having a substantial impact on law firms, legal research, contract drafting, case management, and judicial administration. AI can reduce the administrative burden on legal professionals by enabling faster legal research, document review, contract analysis, and access to large legal databases. At the same time, its adoption raises serious concerns relating to employment displacement, algorithmic bias, privacy, accountability, and the possible weakening of human judgment in legal processes. In India, AI-enabled initiatives and digital justice reforms, including tools used for legal research, translation, and case management, indicate the gradual transformation of the legal system. However, AI should be treated as an assistive mechanism rather than a substitute for judges, lawyers, and human legal reasoning. This paper examines the dual nature of AI adoption by analysing its efficiency gains against its ethical, social, and regulatory risks. It further argues that India must develop a balanced framework for responsible AI use in the legal sector, supported by transparency, data protection, accountability, ethical oversight, and suitable reforms in legal education. The paper concludes that AI can strengthen the legal system only when it remains subject to human supervision and the constitutional values of justice, fairness, and equality.

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UNDERSTANDING THE FIXING LIABILITY FOR AUTONOMOUS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF DECISION-MAKING IN INTERACTIVE SYSTEMS

Volume IV Special Issue I / C. SibiKarthick

UNDERSTANDING THE FIXING LIABILITY FOR AUTONOMOUS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF DECISION-MAKING IN INTERACTIVE SYSTEMS C. SibiKarthick, 8th Semester B.A.LL.B Student at Government Law College, Madurai, affiliated with Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar University,Tamilnadu (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.41 In the international context, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technological development; however, harms arising from autonomous AI activities now constitute a serious legal concern. Several international reports indicate that, following the COVID-19 pandemic, millions of children transitioned extensively to online education, resulting in increased dependence on mobile technology and, consequently, excessive engagement with social media, video games, and AI-based interactions. Interactive AI technologies, in particular, may contribute to self-harm risks among vulnerable users, especially children and adolescents. Recent incidents reveal AI-mediated harms, including AI chatbots allegedly encouraging suicide or assisting in drafting suicide notes, and voice assistants suggesting dangerous physical challenges to children. In legal parlance, one of the most sophisticated challenges lies in determining liability and identifying the responsible entity. Applying the maxim qui facit per alium facit per se, the question arises whether harm caused by an AI system can be attributed to the manufacturer, developer, company, or end user. In this regard, it becomes necessary to examine whether strict liability and product liability concepts are adequate to secure justice for victims. This paper analyses liability by examining foundational questions concerning the nature of AI, agency, personhood, intention, and justice. Using a comparative legal approach, with particular focus on the European Union model, the paper examines how risk-based regulation, mandatory human oversight, and clearly defined legal obligations may fill the existing accountability gap. It also proposes a shared but differentiated liability model to strengthen victim protection and corporate accountability. This study ultimately focuses on the problem of undefined AI liability and the significance of a legal framework to uphold justice for victims and ensure accountability.

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AI IN LIBRARY AUTOMATION & MANAGEMENT

Volume IV Special Issue I / Kanak Godbole

AI IN LIBRARY AUTOMATION & MANAGEMENT Kanak Godbole, 3rd Semester LLM Student at KES’ Shri Jayantilal H. Patel Law, Mumbai (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.40 Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping contemporary library automation and management by transforming how libraries organise resources, retrieve information, support users, and manage institutional collections. This paper examines the integration of AI technologies, including machine learning, natural language processing, automation, predictive analytics, and AI-enabled user support systems, within modern library management systems. It adopts a doctrinal and analytical legal approach to assess the operational benefits and regulatory risks of AI-driven library services, particularly in relation to data protection, copyright compliance, algorithmic accountability, and user privacy. The paper finds that AI can substantially improve cataloguing, semantic search, multilingual access, digital archiving, recommendation services, and resource allocation, thereby reduce manual workload and enhance accessibility for diverse users. However, these advantages are accompanied by significant legal and ethical concerns, especially where libraries process user search histories, borrowing patterns, reading preferences, and behavioural data through automated or predictive systems. The study argues that such practices must be evaluated under the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, read with the Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025, and within the broader policy framework of responsible AI governance emerging in India. The paper recommends that libraries adopt privacy-by-design systems, transparent consent mechanisms, human oversight, copyright-compliant digitisation practices, and safeguards against algorithmic bias. It concludes that AI should not be treated merely as a tool for automation, but as a regulated institutional technology capable of strengthening libraries as intelligent, inclusive, and legally accountable knowledge infrastructures

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RIGHT TO DIGNITY IN THE AGE OF DEEPFAKES: A CONSTITUTIONAL OVERVIEW

Volume IV Special Issue I / Pruthali soni

RIGHT TO DIGNITY IN THE AGE OF DEEPFAKES: A CONSTITUTIONAL OVERVIEW Pruthali soni, 10th semester B.A.LL.B student at Kes Shri Jayantilal H Patel Law College, Mumbai (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.37 Article 21 of the Indian Constitution guarantees right to life and personal liberty, which includes right to privacy and dignity. However due to evolution of Artificial Intelligence it is kept on stake. Whether intentionally or unintentionally, we all are at a stake of granting AI our personal and private data. Privacy and dignity are among the two greatest and most fundamental rights of all people “due to their being Humans”; thus, Privacy and Dignity affect all people in the world in a tremendous way: In regard to AI and the possible misuse of AI through the creation of different types of harm in regard to the use of AI, Surveillance and through AI Technology Development. In the case K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India, the Supreme Court ruled that the right to privacy is a fundamental right as provided by Articles 14, 19 and 21 of the Indian Constitution and Article 21 grants individuals their right to a dignified existence and freedom from unlawful interference with their personal life. In addition, it was determined that the protection of privacy was an integral part of the right to live with dignity. The Supreme Court has repeatedly held that when we refer to the “Right to Life”, it means that every person has the Right to Life and is entitled to live his/her life with dignity; and not just exist but to live with respect, dignity, purpose, and meaning. Collectively, or on a personal basis, we all are at a point of putting “our private information” by granting access to AI Technology. This Research Paper will analyze Right to Privacy and Dignity as well as the effects of deepfakes on these Rights. The misuse of AI Technology poses a severe risk and may cause many forms of Harm, including right to Privacy and Dignity. Therefore, AI Technology has developed a requirement for all individuals to acknowledge the fundamental rights of Privacy, Autonomy, Integrity and Reputation.

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AI, SOCIETY AND THE FUTURE OF LEGAL EDUCATION

Volume IV Special Issue I / Ms. Surabhi Vinod Daga

AI, SOCIETY AND THE FUTURE OF LEGAL EDUCATION Ms. Surabhi Vinod Daga, Ph.D Student, Adv. Ramkrishnaji Rathi Law College, Ph.D Research Centre, Washim, Affiliated to Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.36 Artificial Intelligence is rapidly changing the legal world. Earlier, AI was mainly used for office work such as managing files, searching cases, or preparing documents. Today, it is becoming a powerful tool that can assist in legal thinking, predict outcomes of cases, and support decision-making. This transformation is not only changing the legal profession but also influencing society and the future of legal education. Although AI has made legal information easier to access, questions related to justice, fairness, ethics, and human responsibility still remain important. This paper argues that the biggest challenge before law schools is not simply teaching students how to use technology, but preparing them for a future where lawyers and intelligent machines will work together. The study introduces the concept of “Algorithmic Advocacy,” which means lawyers of the future must understand both law and technology. When AI performs research and complex legal analysis, the true value of a lawyer will depend more on human qualities such as ethical judgment, emotional understanding, creativity, and critical thinking. The paper further explains that traditional methods of legal education are no longer enough in the digital age. Future law schools must create practical and interdisciplinary learning spaces where students can work with AI tools, analyse algorithmic bias, and understand the relationship between technology, society, and justice. The study concludes that AI should not be viewed as a replacement for lawyers, but as a partner that can help build a faster, smarter, and more accessible justice system. To achieve this, legal education must evolve with the changing realities of the modern world.

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REGULATING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN CORPORATE INSOLVENCY RESOLUTION: ENHANCING CREDITOR RECOVERIES AND DETECTING AVOIDANCE TRANSACTIONS UNDER THE INSOLVENCY AND BANKRUPTCY CODE, 2016

Volume IV Special Issue I / Ms.Pooja Nakul Maniar and Dr. Roksana Hassanshahi Varashti

REGULATING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN CORPORATE INSOLVENCY RESOLUTION: ENHANCING CREDITOR RECOVERIES AND DETECTING AVOIDANCE TRANSACTIONS UNDER THE INSOLVENCY AND BANKRUPTCY CODE, 2016 Ms.Pooja Nakul Maniar, Asst. Professor, KES’ Shri Jayantilal Patel Law College, Research Scholar at School of Law Sandip University, Nashik (India) Dr. Roksana Hassanshahi Varashti, Supervisor and Associate professor at School of Law Sandip University, Nashik (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.34 Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technology with the potential to revolutionize legal systems worldwide. Within the sphere of insolvency law, AI offers significant opportunities to improve efficiency, transparency, and decision-making in Corporate Insolvency Resolution Processes (CIRP). The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (IBC) was enacted to ensure timely resolution of distressed corporate entities while maximizing asset value and protecting stakeholder interests. However, challenges such as delayed resolution, information asymmetry, fraudulent transactions, and low creditor recoveries continue to impede the effectiveness of the insolvency framework. This paper examines the role of Artificial Intelligence in detecting avoidance transactions, enhancing creditor recoveries, and improving insolvency administration under the IBC. Particular attention is given to preferential transactions, undervalued transactions, extortionate credit transactions, and fraudulent or wrongful trading covered under Sections 43 to 51 and Section 66 of the Code. It further evaluates the legal, ethical, and regulatory implications of AI-assisted decision-making in insolvency proceedings. Through doctrinal and comparative research methodologies, the study analyses international developments in technology-driven insolvency systems and explores the need for a regulatory framework governing the deployment of AI in insolvency resolution. The paper argues that AI can significantly assist Resolution Professionals, Committees of Creditors, and adjudicating authorities by identifying suspicious transactions, improving asset tracing, forecasting recovery outcomes, and reducing procedural inefficiencies. Nevertheless, concerns relating to algorithmic bias, accountability, transparency, data privacy, and liability require careful regulatory intervention. The study concludes by proposing an AI governance framework under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (IBBI), incorporating human oversight, explainability, auditability, data-security safeguards, and stakeholder grievance mechanisms to ensure responsible adoption of AI technologies within insolvency proceedings while safeguarding due process and stakeholder rights.

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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, LAW, AND LAW LIBRARIES: LEGAL CHALLENGES, JUDICIAL RESPONSES, AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF LEGAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Volume IV Special Issue I / Dr. Shweta Vijendra Pathak

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, LAW, AND LAW LIBRARIES: LEGAL CHALLENGES, JUDICIAL RESPONSES, AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF LEGAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS Dr. Shweta Vijendra Pathak, Librarian, KES’ Shri. Jayantilal H. Patel Law College Kandivli, Mumbai (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.32 The growth of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has substantially transformed the legal information landscape by reshaping the manner in which legal professionals, researchers, courts, and law libraries locate, organise, verify, and interpret legal materials. AI-enabled tools are increasingly used for legal research, document review, information retrieval, contract analysis, citation assistance, and data-driven legal analysis. While these technologies improve speed, accessibility, and efficiency, they also raise serious concerns regarding reliability, transparency, accountability, data privacy, professional ethics, and the authenticity of legal authorities. This paper adopts a doctrinal and analytical approach to examine the interface between Artificial Intelligence, legal institutions, and law libraries, with particular emphasis on the legal and ethical challenges arising from AI-assisted research and information-management systems. It analyses the changing role of law libraries as digital knowledge centres responsible for source verification, AI literacy, database curation, and ethical guidance. The paper further surveys Indian and international judicial responses to AI misuse, including decisions concerning AI-generated false citations, non-existent precedents, and the limits of AI authorship and inventorship. The discussion includes Indian judicial developments on hallucinated case law, as well as international decisions such as Thaler v. Vidal, Thaler v. Perlmutter, and Mata v. Avianca, which illustrate judicial insistence on human responsibility, verification, and professional accountability. These authorities remain directly relevant to the manuscript’s theme, as courts have treated unverified AI-generated legal material as a serious threat to adjudicatory integrity. The study finds that AI should function as an assistive tool rather than a substitute for legal judgment. It recommends human oversight, institutional AI-use guidelines, privacy safeguards, ethical training, and stronger verification practices within law libraries and legal institutions.

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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MENTAL HEALTH: UNDERSTANDING ‘RIGHT TO LIFE’ IN THE DIGITAL AGE

Volume IV Special Issue I / Manjusha Bhenwal

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MENTAL HEALTH: UNDERSTANDING ‘RIGHT TO LIFE’ IN THE DIGITAL AGE Manjusha Bhenwal, Assistant Professor, KES Shri Jayantilal H. Patel Law College, Mumbai (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.29 Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become an important feature of contemporary life, including communication, healthcare, education, administration and social interaction. In healthcare, AI-assisted diagnosis, virtual counselling, behavioural analysis and mental-health applications may improve access, affordability and early identification of psychological concerns, particularly in India, where mental-health care continues to face social stigma and infrastructural limitations. However, increasing reliance on AI-driven systems has also generated serious concerns relating to psychological vulnerability, autonomy, privacy and human dignity. Algorithmic social media, targeted advertising, addictive interface design, behavioural surveillance and emotional profiling may influence choices, reduce attention spans, weaken social engagement and aggravate anxiety, loneliness and overdependence on technology. This paper critically examines the relationship between Artificial Intelligence and mental health in light of Article 21 of the Constitution of India. Relying on Sukdeb Saha v. State of Andhra Pradesh, where the Supreme Court recognised mental health as an integral component of the right to life and dignity, the paper argues that the psychological impact of AI must be treated not merely as a technological or public-health issue, but also as a constitutional concern. The study adopts a doctrinal and interdisciplinary approach to analyse the benefits, risks, opportunities and legal challenges arising from the use of AI in mental-health contexts. It further considers how AI-mediated decision-making, data processing and digital dependence may affect individual liberty and psychological well-being. It concludes that AI can strengthen mental-health support and healthcare delivery only when its development and deployment are guided by dignity, privacy, autonomy, accountability, human oversight and protection of fundamental rights.

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AI AND HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION

Volume IV Special Issue I / Adv. Uchita G. Barve

AI AND HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION Adv. Uchita G. Barve, 3rd Semester S. Y. LLM Student at Kes College of Law, University of Mumbai, Mumbai (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.27 The rapid evolution of technology has profoundly transformed modern life, with Artificial Intelligence (AI) emerging as one of the most influential technological developments. By processing vast datasets, predicting outcomes, and assisting decision-making, AI enhances efficiency, accuracy, and productivity. While these advancements promote social and economic development, they also raise significant human rights concerns. The widespread use of AI introduces challenges such as privacy violations, mass surveillance, algorithmic bias, job displacement, cybercrime, and the misuse of deepfakes. Vulnerable groups, particularly women and children, face increased risks of online exploitation, harassment, and non-consensual content. These concerns necessitate a careful evaluation of whether existing legal frameworks are sufficient to regulate AI without hindering innovation. AI tools like ChatGPT, Google Gemini, and Google Translate have transformed and reshaped education, workplaces, healthcare, and governance. Innovations such as virtual court hearings and telemedicine have improved accessibility and efficiency. However, in medical and judicial contexts, AI may also threaten professional autonomy and human judgment. Despite its benefits, AI poses risks such as overreliance, reduced physical activity, and threats to employment. For instance, large-scale automation in countries like China has reduced reliance on human labour. Additionally, AI’s ability to access and misuse personal data, including through platforms like Google Photos, raises serious concerns about privacy and dignity. In India, initiatives such as Bhashini, Kisan E-Mitra, and Aarogya Setu demonstrate AI’s positive impact. However, robust legal and ethical frameworks are essential to ensure that AI development aligns with human rights principles, safeguarding dignity, equality, and freedom. This paper examines the intersection of AI and human rights in India. It evaluates AI’s impact on privacy, equality, dignity, and freedom of expression, reviews national and international legal frameworks, and highlights the urgent need for ethical governance and balanced regulation.

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