menstrual leaves

THE IGNORED FRONTIER: EXPLORING WOMEN’S RIGHTS IN ABORTION AND FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION IN INDIA Yashi, Student at Vivekananda Institute of Professional Studies (VSLLS) affiliated with Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi. Amri Gupta, Student at ICFAI Law School, IFHE Hyderabad Download Manuscript ABSTRACT This article presents a nuanced view of the evolution of reproductive rights in India, with a specific focus on the legal landscapes surrounding abortion and the practice of female genital mutilation. It traces the historical trajectory from the contentious criminalization of miscarriage in the 1960s to the enactment of the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act in 1971. Furthermore, it highlights the pivotal 2021 Amendment to the MTP Act of 1971 and its consequential 2022 judgment of X v. NCT of Delhi, which underscores the ongoing evolution of reproductive rights in the country. Parallelly, the article delves into the shadowy realm of FGM in India, highlighting  its origins, prevalence, and the intricate web of legal and health repercussions it entails. It confronts the challenges faced by the government in tackling this unregulated practice, including the cloak of religious sanction and the dearth of official data. Moreover, the narrative advocates for heightened awareness campaigns, urgent medical interventions for FGM survivors, and stringent legal measures against its proponents.  Throughout its discourse, the article underscores the importance of a compassionate and rights-based approach to reproductive rights. It calls for a comprehensive strategy that includes legal reforms, awareness campaigns, and support services for survivors. Type Information Research Paper LawFoyer International Journal of Doctrinal Legal Research, Volume I, Issue IV, Page 254-276. Creative Commons Copyright This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Copyright © LIJDLR 2024 Recent content Author Details (NIKITA AMBWANI & RUPALI CHAUHAN) LAW STUDENTS, UNIVERSITY OF RAJASTHAN, JAIPUR Publication Details Volume 1 Issue 1 Year 2022 Published on 01/09/2022

EPITOME OF SOCIAL MEDIA AND CYBER CRIME – SOCIO LEGAL PERSPECTIVE Marru Vaaghdevi,2nd year B.A.LL.B student, Damodarm Sanjivayya National Law University, Visakhaptnam Download Manuscript ABSTRACT The world’s use of social media is expanding gradually. To connect with one another, people of all ages and genders are opening accounts on online social networks.  Some people have followers ranging from dozens to thousands distributed over several profiles. With the use of social media, individuals may connect, interact, and share content with others all over the world.  But there are also a lot of false profiles out there. False accounts frequently spam reputable people by uploading offensive or unlawful stuff. Moreover, false accounts are made to harass a known individual by falsely portraying them. The enormous development in the usage of social media and networking sites has made it easier for cybercriminals to carry out unlawful operations. Social media is like honey to a wasp when it comes to cybercrime. Scammers view social media users as a captive, gullible audience that may be convinced to partake in actions they might typically be more skeptical about. Together with the ability to exchange ideas and pictures, social media has effectively developed a platform for cybercrime. Online threats, stalking, and cyberbullying are frequent crimes perpetrated on or as a result of social media. Cybercrimes may be decreased, however, by adopting precautions like using antivirus software, closing browser windows, and not pursuing strangers you find online. The paper examines how social media affects young people as well as the factors contributing to the rise in cybercrime on social media. The Research paper lays emphasis on typical types of cybercrimes committed through social media and looks at how the law may be used to spot such crimes and stop them before they happen. The Research paper also makes some recommendations on how to raise awareness of cybercrime’s effects effectively and holistically among the nation’s young. Type Information Research Paper LawFoyer International Journal of Doctrinal Legal Research, Volume I, Issue IV, Page 232-253. Creative Commons Copyright This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Copyright © LIJDLR 2024 Recent content Author Details (NIKITA AMBWANI & RUPALI CHAUHAN) LAW STUDENTS, UNIVERSITY OF RAJASTHAN, JAIPUR Publication Details Volume 1 Issue 1 Year 2022 Published on 01/09/2022

NAVIGATING DIGITAL DEFAMATION: INSIGHTS INTO INDIAN LAWS, ISP’S LIABILITY, AND PUBLISHER’S RESPONSIBILITY Shruti Mishra, Student at NMIMS Kirit P. Mehta School of Law. Download Manuscript ABSTRACT The global population surge accompanies technological advancements, notably the rise of social media since the early 2000s. Social medias now plays a crucial role in daily life, offering secure and rapid communication and expression opportunities. However, this double-edged sword introduces both positive and negative aspects. While facilitating connectivity, increased social media use also leads to various crimes, notably defamation. This study focuses on defamation as a prevalent cybercrime, examining its occurrence on social media platforms and the broader internet. The publication of derogatory content online makes cyberspace a susceptible domain for such acts, highlighting the complex interplay between technology and legal challenges. Type Information Research Paper LawFoyer International Journal of Doctrinal Legal Research, Volume I, Issue IV, Page 220-231. Creative Commons Copyright This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Copyright © LIJDLR 2024 Recent content Author Details (NIKITA AMBWANI & RUPALI CHAUHAN) LAW STUDENTS, UNIVERSITY OF RAJASTHAN, JAIPUR Publication Details Volume 1 Issue 1 Year 2022 Published on 01/09/2022

A LEGAL AND HISTORICAL STUDY ON EMERGENCY PROVISION IN INDIA (1935 TO PRESENT) Pavithran S, student at School of Excellence in Law, Tamil Nadu Dr Ambedkar Law University, Chennai. Meenatchi Priyatharshini R, student at School of Excellence in Law, Tamil Nadu Dr Ambedkar Law University, Chennai. Download Manuscript ABSTRACT The country which forgets the history that needs no evil to destroy itself, because forgetting one’s own history is sufficient to destroy it, said Swamy Vivekananda. A country should focus on the historical evolutionary part, while making a decision, which would provide appropriate guidance to resolve the current challenges. In the Indian constitution Articles 352 to Article 360 deal with the emergency provisions to tackle the extraordinary situations. Emergency provisions have an evolutionary history from the Government of India Act of 1935 to the present day. This evolution contains very interesting amendments, the 42nd and 44th Constitution amendments. This work focuses on the legal and historical evolutionary part of Indian emergency provisions. Type Information Research Paper LawFoyer International Journal of Doctrinal Legal Research, Volume I, Issue IV, Page 211-219. Creative Commons Copyright This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Copyright © LIJDLR 2024 Recent content Author Details (NIKITA AMBWANI & RUPALI CHAUHAN) LAW STUDENTS, UNIVERSITY OF RAJASTHAN, JAIPUR Publication Details Volume 1 Issue 1 Year 2022 Published on 01/09/2022

CULTURE OF PEACE AND COLLECTIVE VIOLENCE Rajeshwari Ishu, LL.M. Student at Chanakya National Law University, Patna Download Manuscript ABSTRACT This paper highlights the existence of collective violence in our society and provides input upon fostering culture of peace for resolving the conflicts. It is common mentality of people and the society that the shortest and easiest solutions to any issue can be by way of violence. This mental framework of people have given rise to various wars which have been fought throughout the world. In the Indian society itself, there is mentioning of Mahabharata which was fought between Kauravas and Pandhyas who were related by blood. The war could have been avoided had the circumstances been otherwise. History has witnessed World War I, World War II. For the first time during the second world war, nuclear bombs commonly known as atom bombs were used. It destructed and affected humanity in a way which has it trace even after decades of the incident. The present ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine which started in February 2022, in October 2023 conflict started between Israel and Palestine. Thousands of people have lost their life due to the ongoing situations around the world. The victims of such violence are always the common innocent people. People lose their loved one, become homeless, get injured, die due to the war started by rich people of the society.  Violence is never the solution to any problem or issue, rather it makes the situation worse. It brings such harm and loss to mankind and society at large which is irreversible. It negatively impacts the society. This is not an era of war. Peace can solve the most complex situation without bringing any harm to anyone. Culture of peace must be adopted in larger interest of the mankind. Type Information Research Paper LawFoyer International Journal of Doctrinal Legal Research, Volume I, Issue IV, Page 200-210. Creative Commons Copyright This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Copyright © LIJDLR 2024 Recent content Author Details (NIKITA AMBWANI & RUPALI CHAUHAN) LAW STUDENTS, UNIVERSITY OF RAJASTHAN, JAIPUR Publication Details Volume 1 Issue 1 Year 2022 Published on 01/09/2022

EXPLORING LEGAL REMEDIES: URGENCY FOR A HOLISTIC FRAMEWORK TO PROTECT AND COMPENSATE VICTIMS OF DOG BITES IN INDIA Ms. Ravina Gautam, Assistant Professor, CR Law College, Hisar. Download Manuscript ABSTRACT In this paper, the author has analyzed the application of common law strict liability principle in India through case laws. After that, the author has discussed the various remedies available to the victims of dog bites. The author advocates for more victim friendly laws in case of dog bites, specifically in the case of stray dogs. In 2016, the supreme court had appointed a committee headed by Justice Sri Jagan to examine the compensation claims of victims of stray dog attacks in Kerala. The author proposes that a similar compensation scheme needs to be implemented in the whole country. The paper also examines the conflict between the fundamental rights of humans and the rights granted to animals under the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1960. A few provisions from the Animal Birth Control Rules 2023 recently notified by the Central government have been incorporated in the work. Type Information Research Paper LawFoyer International Journal of Doctrinal Legal Research, Volume I, Issue IV, Page 190-199. Creative Commons Copyright This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Copyright © LIJDLR 2024 Recent content Author Details (NIKITA AMBWANI & RUPALI CHAUHAN) LAW STUDENTS, UNIVERSITY OF RAJASTHAN, JAIPUR Publication Details Volume 1 Issue 1 Year 2022 Published on 01/09/2022

DEPTH OF DIPLOMACY: DEALING WITH THE DIPLOMATS Ms. Jaya paliwal, STUDENT B.A.LLB, S.S. JAIN SUBODH LAW COLLEGE, JAIPUR , RAJASTHAN, INDIA Download Manuscript ABSTRACT Diplomats are those who lend their hand forward towards the other nation, settle in the hosting state and act as a representative of sending nation’s head of state for diplomatic relations they are serving as an intermediary between two nations, but all this is possible because of Vienna Convention of 1961 on Diplomatic Relation’s provided immunities. These immunities are based on various theories that are endorsed in different contexts by multiple individuals. But are they just using those powers to enjoy themselves fearlessly? They can kill anyone but cannot be convicted because of the shield exists in the form of diplomatic immunities, but everything has its own flaws that could lead to its demise as nothing is absolute same is the case with power. However, in the absence of diplomats, who will be in charge of establishing cordial diplomatic ties? Nevertheless, because it deals with diplomats, diplomacy is a big fuss in international law. The study’s conclusion demonstrates that diplomats are a crucial component of any country’s successful diplomatic relations, and these immunities are also vital. Type Information Research Paper LawFoyer International Journal of Doctrinal Legal Research, Volume I, Issue IV, Page 178-189. Creative Commons Copyright This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Copyright © LIJDLR 2024 Recent content Author Details (NIKITA AMBWANI & RUPALI CHAUHAN) LAW STUDENTS, UNIVERSITY OF RAJASTHAN, JAIPUR Publication Details Volume 1 Issue 1 Year 2022 Published on 01/09/2022

EFFECTIVENESS OF LAWS ON DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN INDIA: A CRITICAL APPRAISAL WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE POSITION IN BIHAR Pratyush Kumar, LLM, Criminal Law, Student At Chanakya National Law University, Mithapur, Patna(Bihar). Download Manuscript ABSTRACT Domestic violence, a pervasive social issue, necessitates robust legal frameworks to protect victims and ensure justice. India has made significant strides in this regard, notably with the enactment of the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act (PWDVA) in 2005. However, the implementation and efficacy of these laws remain subjects of scrutiny. The analysis begins by exploring the legislative landscape at the national level, emphasizing the PWDVA’s comprehensive approach to addressing various forms of domestic abuse. Despite legislative advancements, challenges persist in translating legal provisions into tangible protection for victims. Factors such as socio-cultural norms, inadequate awareness, and institutional barriers contribute to the gap between law and effective implementation. Turning attention to Bihar, the study assesses the state’s specific initiatives and challenges in combatting domestic violence. Bihar, like many other regions in India, grapples with deep-rooted patriarchal structures and socio-economic disparities that impact the enforcement of anti-domestic violence laws. The critical appraisal delves into the adequacy of support mechanisms, including shelters and counseling services, available to victims in Bihar. Furthermore, the research scrutinizes law enforcement agencies’ responsiveness, the functioning of protection officers, and the role of the judiciary in delivering timely justice. The paper sheds light on the challenges within the legal system itself. The judicial process needs streamlining to expedite domestic violence cases and ensure timely justice. Delays in legal proceedings often result in prolonged suffering for victims, weakening their faith in the legal system. Establishing fast-track courts dedicated to handling domestic violence cases would help alleviate this issue, providing a more efficient avenue for justice. Identifying bottlenecks and gaps in the system, the appraisal aims to offer recommendations for strengthening the implementation of domestic violence laws in Bihar. The study emphasizes the importance of enhancing the capacity of law enforcement agencies. Adequate training for police personnel to handle domestic violence cases sensitively and efficiently is essential. The creation of specialized units within police departments, specifically focused on addressing domestic violence, would contribute to a more effective response. This targeted approach acknowledges the unique challenges posed by domestic violence cases and ensures a more empathetic and informed response from law enforcement. By scrutinizing legal frameworks, socio-cultural dynamics, and institutional mechanisms, the analysis contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and opportunities in the fight against domestic violence. The findings aim to inform policy-makers, legal practitioners, and advocacy groups, fostering a collective effort to enhance the protective measures for victims and fortify the implementation of laws combating domestic violence in India. Type Information Research Paper LawFoyer International Journal of Doctrinal Legal Research, Volume I, Issue IV, Page 137-177. Creative Commons Copyright This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Copyright © LIJDLR 2024 Recent content Author Details (NIKITA AMBWANI & RUPALI CHAUHAN) LAW STUDENTS, UNIVERSITY OF RAJASTHAN, JAIPUR Publication Details Volume 1 Issue 1 Year 2022 Published on 01/09/2022

MENSTRUAL LEAVES: A NEW APPROACH TOWARDS FEMALE HEALTH ISSUES Dr. Shivli Shrivastava, Assistant Professor, School of Law, ITM University, Gwalior, M.P Download Manuscript ABSTRACT Menstrual cycle is the very unique characteristic of women which is a sign of the capability to give birth to new life. But this also brings various health issues with it. So many women need special care and attention for their health. But for working women it becomes difficult because she has to take leave if she needs to take rest. And if she is running short of leaves then she has to do work even in such poor health conditions. For this a new debate in going nowadays that a woman should be given leaves during her menses. The law, politicians and common man are divided on this issue. Some politicians are against it and some are in favor of this issue. Men are also divided as some think that it is not an important topic to be discussed in public and some are standing strongly in support of allowing such relaxations to females. In India the law on this subject is not uniform. As in many states, the state governments have been giving such leaves as medical leave. But there are many state governments which are silent on this matter. And in the policies of the union government this subject has been raised many times, but no result came. In the laws of various countries of the world menstrual leaves have been a part of the system as society has also accepted such provisions in support of females. Such views should also be accepted in Indian society and equality sometimes needs to be done with the help of positive discrimination. Positive discrimination is required on this subject matter as the nature has made men and women different regarding their reproductive capabilities and for this some things should be decided on the basis of this difference created by mother nature. This study deals with various perspectives regarding menstrual leaves which have been discussed here. Type Information Research Paper LawFoyer International Journal of Doctrinal Legal Research, Volume I, Issue IV, Page 127-136. Creative Commons Copyright This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Copyright © LIJDLR 2024 Recent content Author Details (NIKITA AMBWANI & RUPALI CHAUHAN) LAW STUDENTS, UNIVERSITY OF RAJASTHAN, JAIPUR Publication Details Volume 1 Issue 1 Year 2022 Published on 01/09/2022