BEACONING THE ETHICAL AND LEGAL COMPLEXITIES OF AI REGULATION: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS IN INDIA AND CHINA

The relatively quick development of artificial intelligence (AI) has generated discussions about the advantages and disadvantages of this technology on a global scale. In a subsequent warning, the UN Secretary-General acknowledged that the “runaway development of AI without safety barriers” posed an “existential threat” that, if unchecked, could intensify global inequality.[1] This demonstrates the pressing need for strong governance frameworks to guarantee that the advancement of AI reduces risks while promoting societal benefits. China and India are two new AI research and development superpowers with different regulatory strategies influenced by their respective sociopolitical, cultural, and economic environments. India has taken a cautious and well-rounded approach to regulating AI, seeking to promote innovation while tackling moral issues like data security and privacy. Programs such as the National AI Strategy by NITI and the Digital India initiative. In order to promote innovation while addressing ethical concerns like privacy and data security, India has taken a watchful and well-rounded approach to AI regulation. Initiatives such as the Personal Data Protection Bill, the Digital India program, and NITI Aayog’s National AI Strategy clearly show India’s dedication to establishing a regulatory framework that protects individual rights while fostering the development of AI.

Issues like poor infrastructure, a lack of funding, and a lack of digital literacy continue to be major obstacles to India’s full AI potential. China, on the other hand, has adopted a more persuasive, state-driven strategy and roadmap to become the world leader in AI technology by 2030. Prioritizing national security, the Chinese government has created thorough regulatory frameworks, such as the Deep Synthesis Provisions and the Generative AI Measures.

The ethical repercussions of AI, algorithmic bias, and the potential for AI to fundamentally alter labor markets and worsen societal issues are among the challenges that both nations face, despite having clearly different regulatory frameworks. In order to ensure the ethical, responsible, and inclusive development of AI globally, this paper examines the regulatory differences between China and India and makes the case that international cooperation and the creation of sustained, accommodating governance frameworks are pivotal.