LIJDLR

Women’s rights

CONCEPT OF JIHAD IN MODERN MUSLIM LAW: AN ANALYSIS OF MISREPRESENTATION, GENDER IMPACT, AND JUDICIAL INTERPRETATION IN INDIA

Volume IV Issue II /

CONCEPT OF JIHAD IN MODERN MUSLIM LAW: AN ANALYSIS OF MISREPRESENTATION, GENDER IMPACT, AND JUDICIAL INTERPRETATION IN INDIA Pratibha Tewatia, B.A LLB (H), 7th Semester, Student at Amity University, Gurugram, Haryana (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.244 The concept of Jihad in Islam has long been a subject of scholarly debate, political discourse, and media portrayal. While the term Jihad is often translated as “struggle” or “striving,” its meaning and interpretation have evolved over time, influenced by religious, historical, and socio-political factors. Classical Islamic thought presents Jihad as a comprehensive struggle encompassing personal spiritual discipline, intellectual and social activism, and defensive military efforts. However, in contemporary global narratives, Jihad is frequently equated with violence, terrorism, and extremism, leading to widespread misconceptions that impact both Muslim and non-Muslim communities. This research aims to provide a nuanced understanding of Jihad by examining its historical origins, theological foundations, and modern interpretations. It explores the distinction between Greater Jihad, which emphasizes self-improvement and moral struggle, and Lesser Jihad, which involves armed struggle under strict ethical guidelines. The paper further investigates how modern Islamic scholars and organizations define Jihad in the context of peacebuilding, social justice, and international law, countering the rhetoric of extremist groups that manipulate the term for ideological and political purposes. Additionally, this study critically analyses how the media, political discourse, and global counterterrorism policies have contributed to the misrepresentation of Jihad. It assesses the role of Western and Islamic media in shaping public perceptions and highlights how misinformation fuels Islamophobia and hinders interfaith dialogue. By examining case studies of reformist Islamic scholars and peace initiatives, this paper identifies efforts within the Muslim world to reclaim the authentic meaning of Jihad and promote a non-violent, ethical, and socially responsible interpretation of the concept.

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LAWS FOR PROTECTION OF RIGHTS OF WOMEN IN INDIA

Volume IV Issue I /

LAWS FOR PROTECTION OF RIGHTS OF WOMEN IN INDIA Syed Naiyla Hamdani, B.A. LLB., Vitasta school of law and humanities (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.21 “A woman with a voice is, by definition, a strong woman.” by Melinda Gates. The empowerment of women has become the magic of social justice and sustainable development. The Constitution and statutory law in India together provide women protection against discrimination, exploitation and violence as well as assure them equality of opportunity. This paper will study the importance of the empowerment of women and how the legal systems have enhanced the growth of gender equality. It emphasizes the important constitutional provisions and critically examines three major legislations the Protection of Women against Domestic Violence, the Protection of women against Domestic Violence Act, 2005; the Maternity Benefit Act,1961(as amended in 2017); and Sexual Harassment of women at workplace (prevention, prohibition and redressal) Act 2013. The interpretation of the courts in landmark decisions such as Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan, AIR 1997 SC 3011, which laid down guidelines against workplace sexual harassment, and Municipal Corporation of Delhi v. Female Workers (Muster Roll), (2000) 3 SCC 224, which extended maternity benefits to daily wage workers, along with Hiral P. Harsora v. Kusum Narottamdas Harsora, (2016) 10 SCC 165, reflects the evolving jurisprudence concerning women’s rights in India. The paper further places India initiatives on the international obligation platform, which consists of CEDAW, Beijing Declaration, and UN Sustainable Development Goals. Despite so much progress being achieved, implementation and awareness issues still remain the barrier to the full execution of gender justice. The paper sums up by affirming that there is a need to build legal consciousness, enforcement and social transformation to make women become dynamic tools of liberation and nation building.

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DOMESTIC VIOLENCE, MAINTENANCE, AND WOMEN’S RIGHTS: A CROSS-PERSONAL LAW PERSPECTIVE IN INDIA

Volume III Issue IV /

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE, MAINTENANCE, AND WOMEN’S RIGHTS: A CROSS-PERSONAL LAW PERSPECTIVE IN INDIA Ms. Palak Jha, 3rd Semester, Student at IILM University, Greater Noida (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.131 Domestic violence and women’s right to maintenance constitute two deeply interlinked dimensions of gender justice in India. Despite substantial legal reforms and constitutional guarantees, Indian women continue to face systemic inequalities rooted in the coexistence of personal laws that differ across religious lines. The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 represents a secular legislative attempt to address intimate partner violence and ensure protection, residence, and maintenance rights. However, this uniform civil protection contrasts sharply with the diverse personal laws that regulate marriage, divorce, and post-marital support within distinct religious communities, Hindus, Muslims, Christians, and Parsis. This research paper examines the structural, constitutional, and judicial complexities that arise from this pluralistic legal framework. It examines how personal laws intersect with constitutional principles of equality, dignity, and non-discrimination, and the extent to which Indian courts have harmonized religious autonomy with gender justice. Through doctrinal and analytical methodologies, the study reviews statutory provisions, landmark judgments, and scholarly literature to evaluate whether the Indian legal system has achieved substantive justice for women or continues to entrench religious and gender hierarchies. The paper argues that while progressive judicial interpretations, particularly in Mohd. Ahmed Khan v Shah Bano Begum, Danial Latifi v Union of India, and Indra Sarma v V K V Sarma have advanced the cause of women’s rights within a constitutional framework; however, the absence of uniformity across personal laws continues to limit the effectiveness of these protections. The study concludes that only through harmonization of personal laws within the constitutional fabric can India fulfil its commitment to gender equality and human dignity.

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ANALYISING THE GENDER PAY GAP IN INDIA: EXPLORING CURRENT LEGAL EFFICACY

Volume III Issue II /

ANALYISING THE GENDER PAY GAP IN INDIA: EXPLORING CURRENT LEGAL EFFICACY Minhum Zaidi,Faculty of Law, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh Kashish Upadhyay,Faculty of Law, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh Download Manuscript For centuries, women in India have endured atrocities and injustices in the exercise of social and patriarchal norms. After the independence, legislative laws were enacted to safeguard women’s rights and bring them into the mainstream of society. Discrimination at workplaces, particularly concerning pay discrepancies between genders, has been outlawed in articles 14, 16, and 39 under the Indian Constitution, and the equal pay for equal work principle has been followed in legislative measures aiming to improve the equal representation of women in the economic sector too. Despite such continuing efforts, the gender pay gap in India continues unabated, with women continuing to pocket far fewer earnings than their male counterparts. According to the 2024 edition of the Global Gender Gap Report from the World Economic Forum, India is placed at 129th out of 146 countries with a parity score of 0.641, and Indian women make on average Rs 40 compared to the Rs 100 men earn doing the same job. This paper will look at the effectiveness of gender pay gap legislation through interpreting the judicial pronouncements on the socio-economic landscape, as well as the actual impact of legislation in terms of economic participation. The study makes use of a doctrinal approach by examining the text of the constitution, laws, and major judicial verdicts, as well as looking at empirical data and comparing it with other countries. Such a study would focus on the role of cultural attitudes and social expectations in wage gaps, especially in the informal sector where more females are employed. Ultimately, contributing to the debate over true gender pay equity in India and putting focus on very overarching approaches that include legislative enforcement and societal changes. doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.53

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EVOLVING DIMENSIONS OF PROPERTY DISTRIBUTION UNDER HINDU LAW: BALANCING TRADITIONAL NORMS, JUDICIAL INNOVATIONS, AND CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES

Volume III Issue I /

EVOLVING DIMENSIONS OF PROPERTY DISTRIBUTION UNDER HINDU LAW: BALANCING TRADITIONAL NORMS, JUDICIAL INNOVATIONS, AND CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES Ronak Singh, 10th Semester, B.A.LL.B Student at Amity Law School, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh Dr. Sheeba Khalid, Assistant Professor at Amity Law School, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2024.v03.26 This research paper examines the evolving dimensions of property distribution under Hindu law through the lens of traditional norms, judicial innovations, and contemporary challenges. The study traces the historical trajectory from ancient dharmasastric principles to modern statutory frameworks, highlighting the transformative impact of the Hindu Succession Act of 1956 and its subsequent amendments. It analyzes landmark judicial pronouncements that have expanded women’s property rights beyond explicit statutory language, particularly focusing on daughters’ coparcenary rights evolution culminating in the watershed judgment of Vineeta Sharma v. Rakesh Sharma. The research provides comparative insights from global jurisdictions, identifying convergent patterns toward gender equality despite distinct cultural contexts. Critical analysis of the existing legal framework reveals persistent gaps between statutory ideals and practical realities, including gendered succession anomalies, inadequate implementation mechanisms, and the absence of matrimonial property rights. The paper concludes by offering recommendations for reform, emphasizing the need for gender-neutral succession patterns, strengthened implementation mechanisms, recognition of matrimonial property rights, and explicit property protection for alternative family structures. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on balancing tradition with constitutional equality principles in the dynamic field of Hindu property law. Type Information Research Paper LawFoyer International Journal of Doctrinal Legal Research, Volume III, Issue I, Page 614-649. Creative Commons Copyright This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. © Authors, 2024

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EQUALITY: EXPLORING TRANSFORMING LAW AND WOMEN’S RIGHTS

Volume I Issue III /

EQUALITY: EXPLORING TRANSFORMING LAW AND WOMEN’S RIGHTS Shalini Dhyani, B.A.LL.B. 5TH Semester At Vasudev College Of Law, Lamachaur, Haldwani, Uttarakhand. Download Manuscript ABSTRACT Equality is one of the fundamental rights that everyone requires to survive in a society, it is that principle that every individual craves to achieve, it is a basic need of a person in the modern world whether it is any human being either male or female and everyone requires equality. This paper focuses especially on transforming the law to support women’s rights. The first and second part of the article describes Gandhi’s views on women’s rights, Views of Indian laws, and United Nations views on the rights of women. The third and fourth part of the article describes the role of the judiciary in preserving women’s rights and also describes how barrier could be breakdown in order to get access to social justice for women. The last chapter describes the strategies of the government for improving the condition of women. Type Information Research Paper LawFoyer International Journal of Doctrinal Legal Research, Volume I, Issue III, Page 195- 206. Creative Commons Copyright This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Copyright © LIJDLR 2023 Recent content EQUALITY: EXPLORING TRANSFORMING LAW AND WOMEN’S RIGHTS THE COLLEGIUM VS NJAC DEBATE: ANALYZING INDIA’S JUDICIAL APPOINTMENT SYSTEMS ROLE OF INDEPENDENT DIRECTOR IN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE Water Rights And Climate Change: An Analysis Of Transboundary Water Conflicts Amidst Environmental Challenges In The Indus Region With Specific Reference To The Indus Waters Treaty Of 1960 Alternative Dispute Resolution Mechanism In India: Limitations And Recommendations Parallel Paths: Analysing The Overlapping Jurisdiction Of Cci And Sectoral Regulators In India

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